Ngentsimbi yesi-4.30 emva kwemini ngomhla we-14 ku-Epreli, ngo-2002, uTito Libio Hernandez wayemi kumnyango omkhulu weYunivesithi yaseNariño apho wayesebenze khona iminyaka engama-28 edlulileyo. Amadoda amabini awayezigqume ubuso adlula ekhwele isithuthuthu esikwisantya esiphezulu aza amdubula ephindaphinda. Wabalekiselwa kwisibhedlele sasekuhlaleni kwaye kwathiwa ubhubhile ngo-5.02pm. Ababulali babalekela kwindawo engaqondakaliyo eColombia abayibiza ngokuba kukungohlwaywa. Igama elingcono linokuba kukunganyangeki, ukungakhuseleki okuthe kwathetha ukuba akukho mntu uye watshutshiswa kwi-99% yamatyala angaphezulu kwama-3500 amawaka emibutho yabasebenzi ababuleweyo e-Colombia ukusukela ngo-1986.
UTito wasebenza kwiDyunivesithi yaseNario, kuMzantsi-Ntshona weKholombiya iminyaka engama-28, kwaye wayelilungu lemanyano yabasebenzi netshantliziyo leNational University Workers Union yaseColombia eNariño ukususela oko waqala wajoyina iYunivesithi. Wayekwayinkokeli yoluntu kwindawo ahlala kuyo, kwaye kutsha nje elilungu leSocial and Political Front, umbutho wezopolitiko owazalwa yimanyano yabasebenzi kunye nentlalontle kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, nobemele abagqatswa kunyulo lwakutsha nje. ISenethi kunye neCongress. I-Front ngoku inomgqatswa womongameli uLucio Garcon, owayesakuba yinkokeli ye-Central Unified Workers Union yaseColombia.
UTito ufumene izoyikiso zokubulawa amatyeli aliqela kumbutho wamajoni osebenza kwisixeko sasePasto, ikomkhulu lesebe laseNariño. Umbuzo wokuba kwakutheni ukuze afumane izisongelo zokubulawa nokuba kwakutheni ukuze ekugqibeleni abulawe usike ngokuthe ngqo entliziyweni yemeko yezopolitiko ewohlokayo eColombia kunye nokungahlonelwa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko kubo bonke abo bantu bakhaliphileyo abafuna ukukhusela iinkonzo zoluntu, ukukhusela ubutyebi bendalo. ekujongeni ukubawa kweenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuchasa ukwanda kokungenelela komkhosi wase-US elizweni.
Umsonto odibanisa le miba: iinkonzo zoluntu, izibonelelo zendalo, ungenelelo lwe-US kunye nokupheliswa kweenkokeli zentlalo yimodeli yezoqoqosho ye-neo-liberal ethi ngelixa ibonwa ngokubanzi njengengaphumeleli, iqhubeka nokwandisa iintente zayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Kwilizwe ngalinye le modeli inabahlobo kunye neentshaba zayo, kwaye iziphumo zolu manyano kunye nokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo zivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngokwembali, inkcubeko kunye nokulungelelana kwemikhosi ekhoyo. Ngaphandle kokwahluka kweziphumo, iinjongo zibonwa ngokubanzi njengezifana: ukunciphisa inkcitho karhulumente ngokuthengisela amacandelo ezoqoqosho kuzwelonke, ukucuthwa kwenkcitho yezentlalo ngokulungelelaniswa kobonelelo lwenkonzo karhulumente nalapho kunenzuzo ukuthengiswa kwabo babucala, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuvula uqoqosho kukhuphiswano lwangaphandle kuwo onke amacandelo. Amanyathelo ayathetheleleka ngokubanzi malunga nokunciphisa ityala langaphandle, nangona la manyathelo engafane alehlise elo tyala.
Iziphumo apho 'ibe yimpumelelo' ibe kukwabiwa ngokutsha kobutyebi kude kuninzi lwabantu abahluphekayo ukuya kwabaphezulu besizwe nabatyali-zimali bamazwe ngamazwe. Bakhokelele ekwandeni kwentswela-ngqesho ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa koshishino lwemveli kunye nezolimo ngokungeniswa kwezinto ezithengwa kumazwe angaphandle ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuwohloka konikezelo lweenkonzo zoluntu kubantu abahluphekayo – ngakumbi ezempilo, ezemfundo neenkonzo zentlalontle, kunye nokudluliselwa kweenkonzo zangaphambili. izibonelelo zendalo eziphantsi kukarhulumente ezandleni zabantu abaphezulu balapha kunye namazwe ngamazwe angaphandle. Ikwasebenza, ngenkqubo yoshishino lwabucala, ukususa amacandelo anemveliso yoqoqosho kulawulo lwedemokhrasi, kunye nokunciphisa amandla emibutho yeemanyano zabasebenzi ngokudendwa kunye nokuthengisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini apho abasebenzi bebefudula benemanyano enye edityanisiweyo. bamele.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokumisela kulo naliphi na ilizwe ibe kukukwazi kwabantu abasebenzayo abaqhelekileyo ukuzicwangcisa ekuzikhuseleni kwabo: ekukhuseleni imisebenzi, ekukhuseleni iinkonzo zoluntu, nasekukhuseleni amazwe ubutyebi bendalo. EColombia kukho imbali etyebileyo kunye nesithethe sokuchasa, kunye nembali ekhohlakeleyo yengcinezelo kwabo babandakanyekayo. Urhulumente wase-United States uye wabandakanyeka kolu cinezelo iminyaka emininzi, ngokuphandle nangokufihlakeleyo, ngakumbi xa abaphezulu besizwe bebonakala bephulukana nolawulo.
E-Colombia, ukuchasa okuthandwayo kuhlaziyo lwezoqoqosho kwathetha ukuba ukumiselwa kwabo kwalibaziseka de kwasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, kwaye ukusukela ngoko kuye kwakho imibutho eyomeleleyo elungelelanisiweyo ethe yahlehlisa, yayenza buthathaka kwaye yalungisa ubungakanani obuvunyiweyo kunye nokuphunyezwa. Phezu kwako nje oku, imiphumo iye yaba mibi. Ngelixa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 uqoqosho lwaseColombia lukhule ngomyinge we-4%, ngeminyaka yoo-1990 lukhule nge-2.8% kwaye ngo-1999 lwehla nge-5%. Intswela-ngqesho inyuke yaya kutsho kuma-20.4%, elona nqanaba liphezulu kule nkulungwane. Ngowe-1998 amashishini angaphezu kwe-16,000 300,000 avalwa ngokulahleka kwemisebenzi engaphezu kwama-60. Ulimo luphantse lwawohloka ngokupheleleyo njengoko ukutya okuvela ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi kukhukulise imarike kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umhlaba ongaphezu kwesigidi seehektare ulahlwe. Amanqanaba entlupheko anyukile, kwaye iingxelo zikaRhulumente ezisemthethweni ngoku zibonisa ukuba i-1990% yabemi ngoku bahlala phantsi komgca wentlupheko. Oku kwilizwe elisikelelwe ngobuninzi bemithombo yendalo: amalahle, i-oyile, i-emeralds, amanzi kunye ne-bio-diversity engenakulinganiswa ne-Latin America. Inyani ukwenza imodeli ivelise abaphumeleleyo kunye nabalahlekileyo. Ngelixa ngo-10 umlinganiselo phakathi kwe-1% yabona bantu bazizityebi kunye nabona bahluphekayo yayingu-40:1, ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka loo mahluko wawuyi-80:XNUMX. Ngaphandle kwabaphezulu belizwe, omnye ophumeleleyo ibingamazwe angaphandle ngoku alawula izixa ezikhulu zobutyebi bendalo bamazwe.
Ecaleni kokuhla kwamalungelo abantu kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kuye kwabakho ukwehla kwamalungelo ezopolitiko nawoluntu. Imithetho ivunyiwe ukuba ibe lulwaphulo-mthetho uqhanqalazo lwasekuhlaleni olusemthethweni. Iimanyano zabasebenzi kunye neenkokheli zabahlali zibanjiwe zabekwa izityholo zovukelo, kwaye imingcelele iye yahlaselwa ngobundlobongela ngamapolisa odushe. Okusithele ngakumbi, nokoyikeka ngakumbi kukwanda kokubulawa kwabantu ngaphandle kwenkundla yabasebenzi kunye neenkokeli zabahlali ezenziwa yimibutho yamajoni. Kunyaka ophelileyo iinkokeli zemibutho yabasebenzi ezili-160 zabulawa kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka bezingama-52, uTito Hernandez engowokugqibela. 'I-Para' ngeSpanish ithetha 'ye', 'yezomkhosi', kwaye le yinguqulelo efanelekileyo njengoko iingxelo zamalungelo oluntu ezingenakubalwa zibonise ngokucacileyo intsebenziswano phakathi komkhosi kunye ne-paramilitary kwezi zenzo zobundlobongela.
Le yimfazwe yentlalontle eqhutywa zizityebi ngokuchasene namahlwempu, imfazwe emdaka kangangoba iingqondo ziba ndindisholo kukoyikeka kwayo yonke loo nto. Imfazwe ejoliswe kuluntu, iinkokheli zentlalo kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi ezifuna ukulungelelanisa, ukuxhathisa kunye nokuzama ukubambelela kwinto encinci abantu abayishiyileyo, kunye nemfazwe ejoliswe kuyo yonke imimandla yasemaphandleni ehlala kwiindawo apho ubutyebi bendalo buninzi. Abokuqala babulawa ngokukhetha, bagrogriswe, kwaye bathinjwa, kwaye okwesibini bayabulawa okanye bagxothwe ngenkani ukuze bavule indlela yeeprojekthi ezinkulu.
I-National and International Press iyaqhubeka ingazinanzi ezi zibakala yaye ichaza ungquzulwano lwaseColombia njengolumalunga neziyobisi okanye malunga nabanqolobi. Kodwa ubukho bemveliso yamachiza kunye nentshukumo yabanqolobi ziziphumo zolu ngquzulwano lwentlalo kwaye buya kunyamalala kuphela xa loo ngxaki yasekuhlaleni isonjululwe. Kule veki iNkongolo yase-US iya kuvota malunga nokuba itshintshe imigaqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zoncedo ezinikwe urhulumente waseColombia phantsi 'kwePlan Colombia' ekucingelwa ukuba ilwe imfazwe yeziyobisi. Ukuba ivunyiwe iyakuvumela urhulumente ukuba asebenzise ezo mali ukulwa intshukumo yasekhaya. Ngesithuba se-September 11th yezopolitiko e-United States, iCongress inokuthi ivume oku, kwaye ezo zixhobo aziyi kusetyenziswa nje ngokuchasene nentshukumo ye-guerrilla. Baya kufumana indlela yabo yokuya kwii-paramilitaries, kwaye bahlawule iimbumbulu ezininzi eziya kusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nabantu abafana noTito Hernandez.
Namhlanje uza kungcwatywa uTito, angqongwe lusapho, izihlobo, abafundi kunye namaqabane. Baza kujonga emagxeni abo njengoko bematsha kunye besiya emangcwabeni, bezibuza ukuba ngubani obafotayo okanye obafotayo nokuba baya kuba ngolandelayo na kuluhlu. Kodwa ngaphandle kwemingcipheko, abantu baya kuhlala bekhona, kwaye baya kuqhubeka nomzabalazo ngesigqibo, isidima kunye nenkalipho. Umzabalazo ukuba yonke imihla kuba nzima ngakumbi, kodwa ngakumbi nje. Kwiingqondo zabo bantu babandakanyekayo kolu kukhangela uxolo kunye nobulungisa bentlalontle eColombia ngumbuzo olula: Bangaphi abahlobo abaya kufuneka sibangcwabe ngaphambi kokuba ihlabathi livuke kwinto eyenzekayo?
UMario Novelli usebenza kunye ne-UK-Colombia Solidarity Campaign
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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