Umthombo: +972 Magazine
UKhaled noMiriam Muammar bahlala eBattir, ilali yezolimo kwiWest Bank, emazantsi eJerusalem. U-Khaled usebenza kulwakhiwo kunye noMiriam kwintsimi yosapho, apho atyala khona ii-eggplants, apho uBattir - owayelinywa. kubhaliwe kwizintlu zeLifa leMveli leHlabathi le-UNESCO kunye neLifa leMveli kwiDanger ngo-2014 - iyaziwa. “Isityalo seqanda ngasinye siziisentimitha ezingama-40 [ii-intshi ezili-16]. Zinkulu. Ihlabathi liphela liyabafuna,” utshilo uKhaled.
Kwinyanga edluleyo, xa uMiriam weza kusebenza emasimini, wabona into eyamenza wajika ngoko nangoko waza wabaleka ebuyela ekhaya: abemi abasibhozo abaxhobileyo bakwaSirayeli kunye noDoberman owayehambahamba ebaleni. Bakha intente kwisiqwenga somhlaba sommi waseBattir uGhassan Alyan, apho babopha iigusha zabo. Bahlala de kwatshona ilanga ngaphambi kokuba bahambe.
“Yile nto bebeyenza kangangenyanga, iqela labahlali, izihlandlo ezininzi ngeveki. Izolo (ngomhla we-26 kweyeKhala) baphinde bafika,” utshilo u-Alyan. “Ndinequla endisela kulo. Umfiki udla ngokukhulula aze akhwele equleni ukuze adade kulo.
"Ukuba bendikunika iglasi yamanzi, kwaye ndifake umnwe kuyo ngaphambili, ungawasela?" Uyabuza uAlyan. “Uqikelelo lwam alukho. Ngoko ke khawucinge ukuba ndiziva njani. Lizothe. Iyandiphambanisa. Andikwazi kwenza nto.”
Indoda uAlyan abhekisa kuyo nguLior Tal, inkokeli yabahlali efika kule ndawo esempuma yeBattir isuka kwikhaya layo elikwindawo engekho mthethweni ye-Neve Ori, kumgama nje oziikhilomitha ezi-2.5, awakhe ngaphantsi konyaka odlulileyo.
UAlyan uthi waqala ukubona uTal esalusa iigusha kumhlaba kaBattir. “Andizange ndibe nangxaki nalo nto, ukuba nje akatshabalalisi nto — kutheni ndifanele ndikhathale? Kodwa ngoku idlulele ngaphaya koko. Ufika, azibophelele iigusha zakhe elangeni ukususela ngentsimbi yesi-8 kusasa kude kube ngokuhlwa, aze angalusi. Uhlala nje apho. Ngesizathu sokuqumbisa. Kwiveki ephelileyo, unkqonkqoze kwiminyango yabahlali baseBattir ebanyanzela ukuba bamnike amaxwebhu obunini bomhlaba.”
U-Khaled Muammar uchaza ukuba indawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lokuhlalisa kwi-West Bank. “Bafuna ukuwuthatha lo mmandla ngezizathu ezithathu: okokuqala, ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo; ijonge ummandla. Okwesibini, iyahlula [iBattir kwi] al-Walajeh; ukuhlala apho kudala umda phakathi kweelali ezimbini zasePalestine. Kwaye okwesithathu, kuba kudala ukuqhubeka ngokwejografi phakathi [kwendawo yokuhlala yakwaSirayeli] iHar Homa neJerusalem.
U-Dror Etkes, enye yeengcali eziphambili ze-Israel malunga neendawo zokuhlala kunye nentloko ye-Kerem Navot, umbutho obeka iliso kwaye uphande umgaqo-nkqubo womhlaba wase-Israel kwi-West Bank, ukholelwa ukuba ukufika kwabahlali eBattir ekupheleni kukaJuni akuyona into eyenzekayo. "Ngoba? Ngenxa yesicwangciso sikaTrump, ”ucacisa. “Le ndawo, ngokwesicwangciso, kufanele ukuba ibe ngummandla wasePalestina. Bafuna ukuwuthatha lo mmandla ngoku, phambi kokuba urhulumente abonakalise ukuba uza kusamkela esi sicwangciso. Ukwenza iinyani emhlabeni. ”
Ayikokuqala ukuba abahlali bazame ukuthatha le ndawo. NgoDisemba ka-2018, amakhulu abantu abahlali bafika ngobusuku kunye neegandaganda kunye neetrektara, bemba indlela yokufikelela entabeni, bazama ukuseka inkampu. Bahlulekile: imvula, izithuthi zaxinga, kwaye kusasa uLawulo loLuntu - ingalo yolawulo lomkhosi wakwaSirayeli olawula i-2.8 yezigidi zasePalestina kwi-West Bank - yabakhupha.
"Umzamo kwi-2018 wawuxhaswa ngemali," wongezelela u-Etkes. “Yonke into yenziwe ngobuchwephesha, iimoto ezinzima. Lutyalo-mali lwamakhulu amawaka eeshekele.
Umkhosi ongenamdla
Xa uAlyan wabona intente kaTal kumhlaba wakhe, wabiza amapolisa akwaSirayeli, awathi nawo abiza umkhosi.
UMuammar, owayekunye noAlyan ngelo xesha, uthi: “Amajoni ambalwa afika ngokukhawuleza. “Samkhomba uLior. Sathi uhleli nje apha noDobermans wakhe kunye nesixhobo, kwaye kukho zonke iintlobo zabantu kunye naye, bonke bephethe izixhobo. Sachaza ukuba bangene kwimithi yomnquma neyedate, badala ingxabano engeyomfuneko eya kukhokelela ekubeni umntu enzekala. Sabaxelela ukuba oku kubi, ukuba asifuni nkathazo.
“Izihlandlo ezithathu zokuqala, elinye ijoni lathi kum, ‘Sukuthetha noLior. Ungamhoyi. Siza kumsusa,'” uqhuba uMuammar. “Emva koko ijoni laya kuLior laza lathi kuye, 'Ukumhlaba wabucala wasePalestine. Kufuneka uhambe.' Kwenzeka loo nto ke.
Kodwa izinto zatshintsha. Kwizihlandlo ezibini zokugqibela, kwafika ijoni elahlukileyo. Wahlala no Lior ecaleni wathetha naye. Emva koko wandixelela ukuba andinakuba lapha. Ndathi, 'Uthetha ukuthini? Ngumhlaba wam lo, nanga amaxwebhu.' Kodwa akazange andimamele. Uthe uLior unokuba lapha kwaye ukuba kukho ingxaki, kufuneka ndiye kuLawulo loLuntu eGush Etzion [indawo yokuhlala ekufutshane] kwaye ndiqinisekise ukuba ngumhlaba wam.
Xa uTal neqela lakhe bafika kwakhona ngoJulayi 25, abahlali baseBattir bagqiba ekubeni bangawubizi umkhosi. “Saqonda ukuba akukho nto banokuyenza. Akukho sizathu. "
Ukuthinjwa minyaka le
Akukho nto yangqamana malunga nesigqibo sabahlali sokwakha intente yabo kumhlaba ka-Alyan. Ngo-1982, uSirayeli wabhengeza indawo yakhe, kunye nenxalenye enkulu yomhlaba kulo mmandla, “umhlaba karhulumente,” esebenzisa iKhowudi yoMhlaba wase-Ottoman—indlela yomthetho yenkulungwane ye-19 eyamkelwa nguSirayeli enika igunya lokuguqulela umhlaba wokulima ongalinywanga ukuba ube ngoomatshini. umhlaba karhulumente.
Ukusukela oko kwaqala ukusebenza ngo-1967, u-Israel wasebenzisa iKhowudi ukuhlutha amakhulu amawaka eedunam zomhlaba; I-99.76 yepesenti yomhlaba karhulumente kwiindawo ezithathiweyo yabelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala zakwaSirayeli, ngelixa i-miniscule ye-0.24 yeepesenti yabelwe ukusetyenziswa kwePalestina.
UAlyan uthi akazange alime umhlaba wakhe kangangexesha elithile kuba wayewusebenzisele ukulima icuba yaye wayefuna ukuwuyeka uphumle ngaphambi kokuba alime izityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. “Xa ndibuyela emsebenzini kumhlaba wam, kwafika ummeli ovela kuLawulo loLuntu waza wandixelela ukuba ndisemhlabeni. Wandicela ukuba ndiphume kuloo ndawo kwaye wanika abasebenzi bam izohlwayo. Ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni khange lundazise nokuba bawuhluthile lo mhlaba.”
UAlyan uhlabela mgama esithi: “Ngumhlaba omhle. Ibiyeyosapho lwam kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, inesiqinisekiso sobunini. Ndifuna ukutyala kuwo, kodwa ukuze ndisebenze umhlaba ndifuna iitrektara zokulima. Saza netrektara saza sayisebenzisa iiyure ezintathu okanye ezine. Emva koko kwafika i-Civil Administration yasixelela ukuba le nto yayingavumelekanga kuba sasikumhlaba karhulumente. Bayihluthile itrektara. Rhoqo ngonyaka sizama ukusebenza umhlaba baze bafike bawuhluthe.”
Ukubetha 'uMsebenzi weNkulungwane' ukuya kwinqanaba
Isikhululo sikaTal, iNeve Ori, sakhiwa ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume kumgama nje wemizuzu emihlanu ukusuka eBattir. Ulutsha olusuka kulo lonke elakwaSirayeli luza kuvolontiya kwindawo engaphandle, apho lusebenza khona, lubile - kwaye lufunxa amaxabiso amaninzi, ngokwewebhusayithi kaNeve Ori. Iintsapho zikwamenywa ukuba “zonwabise nabantwana bazo kwaye zibe nenxaxheba kubukho bamaYuda entabeni kunye nokukhuselwa komhlaba.” Kukho nendawo yogcino-zilwanyana efuyiweyo.
Ndafowunela uTal ukuba ndimbuze ukuba kutheni ehlasela umhlaba kaBattir. Unyanzelise ukuba izenzo zakhe zenziwa “ngokwasemthethweni” kumhlaba urhulumente “awuthathileyo,” esithi “Bawuba [amaPalestina] umhlaba.”
Ebuzwa ukuba kutheni eze e-Battir kuba ikumgama oziikhilomitha ezi-2.5 ukusuka kwindawo ahlala kuyo, uTal waphendula wathi, “Ifama yam ikumhlaba ongoweNgxowa-mali yeSizwe yamaJuda kwaye ingqongwe ngumhlaba wabucala onemithi yomnquma. [Umhlaba kaBattir] kuphela komhlaba kulo mmandla ekungekho mntu unokubanga ubunini bawo.”
U-Tal ucacile ekuchaseni kwakhe amaPalestina aseBattir. “Ndifuna ukuba wonke uBattir aye esihogweni…ilizwe lakwaSirayeli lelabantu bamaJuda,” utshilo. “Andinangxaki ngokuhlala [kwabemi basePalestina] ukuba bayavumelana neMithetho eSixhenxe kaNowa [uluhlu lwezalelo amaYuda obuOthodoki akholelwa ukuba lubopheleleke kuye wonk’ ubani] okanye ukuba bafuna ukuguquka.”
Kulula ukuyila uTal njengomntu onenzondelelo yempambano ngonqulo. Kodwa intsingiselo yamazwi akhe - umnqweno wokwandisa ukuhlala kwamaYuda ngeendleko zamaPalestina - uhlala echaza iphiko lasekhohlo le-Zionist movement, nayo. Oku kubandakanya i-dovish party ye-Meretz, enabameli kwiNgxowa-mali yeSizwe yamaYuda - umbutho ofanayo nomhlaba wakhe uTal wakha i-outpost yakhe.
Xa kwasekwa i-Neve Ori ngo-2019, i-Civil Administration yathi iindawo zokuhlala "zakhiwe ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ngaphandle kwemvume efanelekileyo kwaye ziya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle." Phantse unyaka uphelile ukususela ngoko, kwaye inkampu isemi. NgoLwesibini, isithethi soLawulo loLuntu sithe "unyanzeliso lwendawo luya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nabasemagunyeni kunye neenkqubo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili [zoLawulo]."
Ngokutsho kwe-NGO Kerem Navot, abahlali baye sekiwe Ngama-37 amaziko amatsha akwa-Israel kwi-West Bank kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Inkqubo kuyo yonke le mimandla ingaphandle iyafana kakhulu: usapho luhlala "kumhlaba karhulumente" kwaye luqalise ukwakha izakhiwo ngaphandle kweemvume, kwaye ezo zakhiwo zihlala "zingekho semthethweni" de urhulumente aphinde azivume.
Esona sikhululo samva nje sasekwa kwiveki ephelileyo, kwimpuma yedolophu yasePalestine yaseYatta kufutshane neHebron, nakumhlaba lowo ngokwesicwangciso sikaTrump kufanele ukuba ube kwicala lasePalestine. U-Etkes waseKerem Navot uthi: “Ixesha nendawo akuyonto nje yamabona-ndenzile.
'Isithuba siyaphela'
UVivien Sansour, umlweli wendalo wasePalestine, wazalelwa kwisixeko saseWest Bank saseBeit Jala, indawo ebukekayo egcwele amathafa amandulo, imithombo, izidiliya kunye nemithi yomnquma-kwaye nendawo ekhethwe ngabaphambukeli bakwa-Israeli ukuseka indawo yaseTal.
Ukujonga indawo engqonge i-Beit Jala "ebunjiweyo" uSansour esengumntwana, utshilo. Kodwa uTal uzitshintshile izinto. “Ukususela oko kwasekwa inkampu kunyaka ophelileyo, andisaziva ndikhululekile ukusondela,” utshilo. “Kukho indoda exhobileyo rhoqo. Andiziva ndikhuselekile njengomntu obhinqileyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo andingowasePalestine.”
Indawo engaphandle, u-Sansour wongeza, unobungozi kokusingqongileyo. “Kukho usiba lwesilwanyana esikhulu, esimbi, esimnyama apho esingahambelaniyo nendlela yemveli [yasePalestina] yokwakha entabeni — uhlobo oluxhomekeke kwizinto zendalo. Ibutho langaphandle linqumle umdibaniso wejografi oye wabakho kangangeenkulungwane. Sasihamba apha sisuka endulini siye endulini ngeenyawo, ngeendledlana, emva koko sime. Oku kuyonakalisa imekobume, indalo kunye nabantu.”
U-Sansour ulawula ithala leencwadi lembewu ye-heirloom eBattir. “Inkcubeko yasePalestina iyatshatyalaliswa. Ngokugcina le mbewu, ndisindisa into endiyiyo, inkcubeko yam, kwaye ndikhumbuza izizukulwana ezilandelayo ukuba sixabisekile,” utsho.
“Umhlaba othathwe ngulo mhlali ligumbi lokugqibela likaBattir ukuphefumla,” uqhubeka uSansour. Abantu banyanzelwa ukuba bafudukele eBhetelehem kuba bengasivumeli ukuba sakhe apha.
I-Battir ingqongwe yi-Area C, iphantsi kolawulo olupheleleyo lomkhosi wakwa-Israeli, nalapho abantu basePalestina bengafane banikwe iimvume zokwakha. Ulawulo loLuntu Uyala Iipesenti ezingama-98.6 zezicelo zamaphepha-mvume kule mimandla, kwaye zitshabalalisa oko abantu basePalestine bazakhela ngokwabo.
“Abantu baxinene kwizixeko apho kukho indawo iyaphela,” utshilo uSansour. Umhla nezolo, izixeko zasePalestina ziguquka zibe ziindawo zokuhlala, iinkampu zeembacu zekhonkrithi. Akunakwenzeka ukulima ukutya kwikhonkrithi. Ukusuka kuluntu olutyebileyo lwezolimo, sikhula sixhomekeke kwiinkampani zakwa-Israel ukuba zisondle. ”
UYuval Abraham ngumfundi wokufota kunye neelwimi. Inguqulelo yesi siqwenga yapapashwa okokuqala ngesiHebhere kwiFowuni yeNdawo. Yifunde Apha.
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Nikela