Enye yeempumelelo ezinkulu zomsebenzi osoloko ungenambulelo wegqwetha lamalungelo oluntu kuxa - emva kweminyaka yokusebenza namagorha asinde kulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi - inkundla okanye inkundla yamalungelo oluntu yenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo kwityala. Inkundla yamalungelo oluntu ifumanisa ukuba isidima esisisiseko somthengi wakho sonakaliswa ngandlela ithile, kwaye lo monakalo ufuna ukulungiswa. Olu loyiso lomthetho nokuziphatha alunakujongelwa phantsi, kwaye ukufunyaniswa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunokuba neenzuzo ezinkulu zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili kwixhoba lokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Kodwa, ulungiso alusoloko lusiza.
Ngo-Oktobha 8, 2015, iKomiti Yamalungelo Abantu yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yenza isigqibo ngetyala elibalulekileyo. UMutabar Tadjibayeva, umkhuseli owaziwayo wamalungelo oluntu, ebegxeka ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu kwimpuma yeUzbekistan ukusukela ngo-2005. Wakugxeka ukudutyulwa nokubulawa kwamakhulu-khulu abantu ababengaxhobanga ngamajoni karhulumente kwisixeko saseAndijan ngoMeyi ka-2005, waza waseka iFiery. Hearts Club.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2005, uMutabar wabanjwa ngoonogada ababezigqume kwaye bexhobile babalekela ekhayeni lakhe. Waye wamangalelwa ngamatyala ali-18 olwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka ubuqhophololo berhafu kunye nobulungu bombutho ongekho mthethweni โ iqela lakhe lamalungelo oluntu. Ngo-2006, wagwetywa iminyaka esibhozo entolongweni kulandela ukuchotshelwa kwetyala elaphula imilinganiselo efanelekileyo. Walelwa ilungelo lokulungiselela ukuzithethelela ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukubuza amangqina aphambili otshutshiso. Isigwebo sakhe samkelwa kwisibheno.
Phakathi kuka-2005 no-2008, wavalelwa imisebenzi yakhe yamalungelo oluntu. Ngeli xesha uMutabar wabethwa, waxhonywa ehukeni, wanyanzelwa ukuba eme ze kubanda de waquleka, wafakwa kwisisele sodwa kunye negumbi labagula ngengqondo kunye nabavalelwe kunye nabo abayingozi. Wakhululwa ngo-2008 kwaye uhlala elubhacweni eParis ukusukela ngo-2009.
Ngo-2012, wafaka isikhalazo kwiKomiti Yamalungelo Abantu. Isikhalazo sachaza iindlela awayelixhoba lephulo lokuxhatshazwa kakhulu, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuhlushwa ezandleni zabasemagunyeni base-Uzbek ukusuka ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2009. Impatho-gadalala eyenzelwe ngokukodwa isiseko sesini sakhe, njengowasetyhini. Wadlwengulwa liqela lemigulukudu ngamapolisa ngesinye isihlandlo, kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba abandakanyeke ekubulaleni inzala ngaphandle kokuzithandela: isibeleko sakhe sakhutshwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Ukususela kule nkqubo yokunyanzeliswa, uMutabar uye wacela iirekhodi zakhe zonyango, kwaye akazange azifumane.
Kwisigqibo sayo samva nje, ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, iKomiti ibonise ukuba i-Uzbekistan ayiphumelelanga ukuphanda izityholo ezinzulu zokungcungcuthekiswa eziphakanyiswe nguMutabar. Icele abasemagunyeni baseUzbek ukuba benze uphando olukhawulezileyo olukhokelela kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kwabo banetyala. Ukongezelela, le Komiti yathi abasemagunyeni baseUzbek bafanele bambuyekeze ngokufanelekileyo uNksz Tadjibayeva, bapapashe oko ikufumanisileyo, baziguqulele, baze bazisasaze ngokubanzi. I-Uzbekistan ineentsuku ezili-180 zokwazisa iKomiti ngawo nawaphi na amanyathelo athathiweyo.
Amathuba okuba iya kwenza nantoni na mncinane. Urhulumente waseUzbek unengxelo ecacileyo yokunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokunzulu, kuquka ukungcungcuthekiswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwabakhuseli bamalungelo abantu kunye namabanjwa ezopolitiko. Kukwakho neengxelo zemibutho elwela amalungelo ephulo likarhulumente lokuvala inzala ngenkani amabhinqa eUzbekistan.
U-Tadjibayeva usoloko efuna uphando kubaphathi be-Uzbek malunga nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu okumandundu awakufumanayo ukusukela ngo-2002 kodwa amabango akhe awazange aphandwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye akukho mntu wakhe watshutshiswa ngenxa yawo. UMutabar ufuna uphando olusebenzayo, kwaye abo bafunyenwe benoxanduva bohlwaywe. Ufuna imbuyekezo, kuquka imbuyekezo, kunye neengxelo zakhe zonyango ezipheleleyo malunga notyando olumshiye engakwazi bantwana. Nangona kunjalo, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe yezivumelwano zamalungelo oluntu ayinawo amandla okunyanzelisa nayiphi na into enjalo.
IUzbekistan isenokukhetha ukusibetha ngoyaba isigqibo seKomiti Yamalungelo Abantu YeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Olu hlobo lokungaphenduli luxhaphakile kwaye kufuneka lwaziwe ngokubanzi.
Ngo-2003, iKomiti YeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Yamalungelo Abantu yafumanisa ukuba indoda yaseBritani yangcungcuthekiswa kwiiPhilippines, yaza yacebisa urhulumente wakwiiPhilippines ukuba ayinike iyeza elifanelekileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente akaphumelelanga ekuphumezeni isigqibo seKomiti. NgoNovemba 2014, iKomishoni yasePhilippine yamaLungelo oLuntu kunye neSebe leMicimbi yezangaphandle lizibophezele ekulandeleni ityala kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo - kodwa akucaci ukuba ngaba ngokwenene iya kwenza, okanye yenze nantoni na kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinanye ezidlulileyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oku kuzibophelela okubuthathaka ekuqaliseni iingxoxo ngaphakathi kwee-arhente zikarhulumente ezichaphazelekayo zeza emva kweminyaka elishumi elinanye emva kwesigqibo seKomiti yamaLungelo oLuntu ye-UN, kwaye emva kokunyanzeliswa kwee-NGOs zamalungelo oluntu ezifana ne-REDRESS ezisebenza ngokungakhathali ukuze abo baye bangenabulungisa kakhulu. owenziwe kubo unokufuna imbuyekezo. Xa kufika izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, ezingaphelelanga nje ngokusesikweni kodwa zibalulekile ngokokuziphatha, zisebenzela ukuba izigqibo zamalungelo oluntu ziphunyezwe ngokusebenza.
Ngendlela yokuthelekisa, xa i-European Union yagqiba ekubeni ingabandakanyi i-hormone yenkomo yenkomo - ifunyenwe ukuba inokunyusa iimeko zomhlaza - i-US (enye yabavelisi abakhulu bale nyama) yakhalaza kwi-World Trade Organization. I-Dispute Settlements Body ye-WTO yafumanisa ukuba ukuvinjelwa kwe-EU kwinyama yenkomo yase-US yayingumqobo ongafanelekanga kurhwebo, wacela ukuba ukuvinjelwa okukhubekisayo kususwe, kwaye kubekwe isohlwayo - apho i-European Union yayinyanzelekile ukuba ihlawule ngokukhawuleza. Imingcipheko yezempilo iphume kwindawo yesibini kwilahleko yengeniso kwishishini lenyama nelobisi lase-US, kwaye i-US ibinokuxhomekeka kwindlela ye-WTO yokusombulula iingxabano ukunyanzelisa ulungiso olukhawulezileyo.
Ngokufanayo, xa urhulumente wase-Australia efuna ukujongana nenye yezona zinto zibangela ukufa kunye nezifo ezinokuthintelwa kwilizwe - ukutshaya - kwaye zifuna iinkampani ukuba zikhuphe i-cigarettes kunye neelebhile ezicacileyo ezichaza iingozi kwimpilo, uPhilip Morris (inkampani yomhlaba wonke yecuba kunye necuba. ) wakhalaza ngelithi oku kuya kuba nefuthe kwimisebenzi yalo yoshishino kunye nengeniso. Le yingxabano yokuqala yomtyali-mali eye yaziswa ngokuchasene ne-Australia. Ingxabano yaqala ngomhla wama-27 kuJuni ka-2011, kwaye ukususela ngoko omabini amacala achithe imali eninzi kwimirhumo yomthetho neyolamlo. Lo mbandela awukaconjululwa. Kodwa, omabini amacala enza iingxoxo zawo kwaye isigqibo esibophelelayo solamlo siya kunyanzeliswa ekugqibeleni. Xa ingeniso yenkampani isongelwa, ukusonjululwa kweengxabano ezinxulumene norhwebo kunokwenza izigqibo ezinokunyanzeliswa.
Imithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ibisoloko igxekwa ziindlela zokusonjululwa kwengxabano yorhwebo njengechaphazela kakubi ingeniso yeshishini. Eyona nto iphambili kurhwebo ngaphezu kwamalungelo empilo, imo engqongileyo ecocekileyo, kunye namanye amalungelo oluntu ayilwe ngokwenkqubo yethu yomthetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Amazwe adala iindlela ezithambileyo zamalungelo oluntu - apho iziphumo ezinobulungisa nezibalulekileyo zinokuthi zenziwe kwizenzo ezimanyumnyezi, kodwa apho iindlela zamalungelo oluntu zingenawo amandla okunyanzelisa izigqibo zabo, okanye zifuna amanyathelo athile ukulungisa umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokuziphatha okubi.
Kwangaxeshanye, oorhulumente ngokuzithandela barhuma kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezinciphisa amandla amaqumrhu karhulumente ukusikhusela ekubeniwa kwenkampani. Oku kuthambekela kwicala lomthetho worhwebo wamazwe ngamazwe kumalungelo oluntu kuya kwanda ukuba uRhwebo lweTransatlantic kunye noTyalo-mali lweNtsebenziswano (TTIP), iNtsebenziswano yeTrans-Pacific, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo zeSivumelwano soRhwebo kwiiNkonzo ziqala ukusebenza. Amaxhoba amalungelo oluntu anzima awayi kuba nako ukufikelela kwiinkundla ezisebenzayo, ngelixa iinkampani zinokukhala kwiinkqubo zengxabano zorhulumente wotyalo-mali apho zivakalelwa kukuba iingeniso zabo zisongelwa yimithetho yezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngelixa izikhokelo zamalungelo oluntu zisahleli zinqongophele, ziphelelwa ngamandla, kwaye zingasebenzi, izivumelwano ezinxulumene norhwebo ezibeka esichengeni iidemokhrasi zethu zixoxwa ngokufihlakeleyo. Lo mxholo usongela ukwenza umsebenzi wamagqwetha amalungelo oluntu ube nzima kakhulu.
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Nikela