Njengoko iireyithingi zokuvunywa kukaGeorge W. Bush zitshona ngaphantsi kwe-40%, kunye ne-GOP kunye nazo zonke iiprojekthi zayo, ukusuka kwiMfazwe yase-Iraq ukuya kwi-Social Security "uhlaziyo" kwi-Hurricane Katrina izicwangciso zokubuyisela, kubonakala ngathi kuya kuqhekeza, siva macala onke ukuba akuyi kwanela ukuba iiDemokhrasi zihlikihle izandla zabo kwi-glee (nangona kunjalo ngobulumko). Kufuneka beze nezabo izicwangciso. Kufuneka banike ilizwe into eyakhayo enokuyamkela. Impendulo enye kule mfuno ivela kubacebisi ababini bakaMongameli uClinton - uWilliam Galston, ngoku weYunivesithi yaseMaryland, kunye noElaine Kamarck, ngoku weHarvard's Kennedy School of Government. Baye bavelisa ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Politics of Polarization," ulandelelwano kwenye abayibhala ngo-1989 kwiBhunga lobuNkokheli beDemokhrasi. Icebiso labo eliphambili, ngoku njengangaphambili, kukuba โukubamba iziko kuhlala kusitshixo soloyiso.โ
Igama elithi โiziko,โ kambe ke, lineentsingiselo ezininzi. Enye nje yindawo yezopolitiko apho uninzi lwabavoti lukhona, nokuba zithini na iimbono zabo. Ichazwa ngolu hlobo, iqhinga le-centrist yi-tautology nje. Naliphi na iqela eliphumelele uninzi lwabavoti liya kuba lihluthe โizikoโ: Iqhinga eliphumelelayo lelo eliphumelelayo. Ukusukela umbono ochaseneyo - into ehlekisayo "masicenge kuphela ama-40% abavoti!" - ayithandeki kakhulu, nasiphi na isicwangciso se-"centrist" sinesibheno esicacileyo esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kancinane yegama - kwaye le yileyo ababhali bacinga ngayo - yingqokelela yezimvo ezithile ezigcinwe sisininzi sabavoti ngexesha elithile. Isicwangciso se-centrist ke ngoko silungiselela umyalezo waso kwezo mbono, ezihlala zihambelana ngokungachanekanga neembono zalo naliphi na iqela kwaye kunjalo ngendlela ethile "phakathi kwabo" - embindini. Enye indlela kwesi sicwangciso, abasikhabayo uGalston noKamarck, kukuhambisa umyalezo kwiqela โisiseko,โ amakholwa alo okwenyani, ngelixa linethemba lokongeza ngokwaneleyo abavoti abazinikeleyo ukuba baphumelele. (Aba ngaba โngabavoti abangagqibanga,โ okanye โabavoti abajingayo,โ abanezimvo ezingacacanga okanye ezingenangqondo ezisoloko zifunwa ngexesha lonyulo kudliwano-ndlebe olunentlonipho kwiinkqubo zikamabonwakude ezikruqulayo.)
Ukanti enye intsingiselo yelithi โumbindiโ iyaqondakala. Kuyenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weziko elibambekayo eliquka abantu abazolileyo, abanengqiqo abathi, nokuba sisininzi okanye akunjalo, bakhabe iimbono zobundlobongela okanye eziphambeneyo zabanye, ezichazwa njengabagqithileyo. โIziko,โ ngale ndlela, linokuthetha into efana โnobungcathu.โ Ngokomzekelo, eJamani ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1930, kwakukho abantu abanengqiqo ababengengawo amaKomanisi bengengawo amaNazi. Ngelishwa, babembalwa, njengoko iziphumo zonyulo zibonisile, kwaye ke babengekho embindini kuyo nayiphi na imvakalelo yegama ekhankanywe ngaphambili. (AmaNazi ayekwiziko lezopolitiko ngelo xesha.)
Ingxelo ithisisi malunga nezopolitiko zaseMelika namhlanje, exhaswa ziitshathi ezininzi kunye neegrafu, kukuba iqela elithembekileyo lihlukaniswe ngakumbi kunangaphambili, okuthetha ukuba amaRiphabhlikhi kunye neeDemocrats banokuxhasa umgqatswa weqela labo nokuba kwenzeka ntoni. Kodwa kukhuphiswano olunjalo, abantu abazibiza ngokuba โngabalondolozi,โ abenza i-34% yevoti, baya kubabetha abantu abathi โbakhululekileyo,โ abenza i-21% kuphela. Ke ngoko abademokhrasi, endaweni yokubhenela kwisiseko sabo esigxothiweyo kodwa esibhityileyo, kufuneka bafake umyalezo wabo ukuze banelise iqula elikhulu labantu abazibiza ngokuba โbaphakathi,โ ababalelwa kuma-45%. Iingcali zeDemocratic Party ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kuxoxa kule minyaka imbalwa izayo malunga nokuba isicwangciso se-centrist ngokwenene siyindlela eya empumelelweni. Nangona ababhali ababini beDemokhrasi bengafuni ukuba iiRiphabhlikhi ziphumelele, xa bedlula babanika iingcebiso ezifanayo: lahla umphetho, ubambelele embindini. (Ngokokumava akutsha nje, nangona kunjalo, elo cebiso alisebenzi. Phumelela ngokubhenela embindini? Ingaba yindlela uBush aphumelele ngayo ukunyulwa kwakhona ngo-2004?)
Omnye umba wengxelo ufanele ukukhankanywa: Kunqabile ukuba libe negama kuyo elixoxa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ethile yesicwangciso se-centrist eneneni ingaba luncedo kwi-United States of America okanye kwihlabathi.. Omnye usenokucinga ukuba ngengozi emangalisayo, iimbono zababhali zingqinelana ngqo nesininzi sabavoti. Okanye ngokucingelwayo ababhali banezinye iimbono kodwa bazicinezela ngobuchule ngenxa yomdla womanyano lweqela kunye noloyiso. (Ngokuqinisekileyo, asifumani sivakalisi sithatha ngolu hlobo, โNangona uluntu lukhetha u-X, sicinga ukuba u-Y uya kuba lelona khondo lilungileyo.โ) Okanye usenokuphikisa ngelithi ababhali bazo bazizazinzulu nje, ezibophelelekile ukuba zinikezele oko zikufumeneyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba zithini na. iimbono zomntu. Kodwa eneneni baya phambili njengabacebisi, bekhuthaza ngokufudumeleyo indlela yesenzo abayichazayo. Umzekelo, babhala, "Iidemokhrasi kufuneka zigxininise ukubaluleka komkhosi waseMelika njengamandla anokubakho emhlabeni, kwaye ngokwenza njalo kufuneka bazibandakanye 'noMichael Moore Democrats,' ojonga amandla aseMelika njengomrhanelwa."
Kodwa isiseko salo ngcebiso yi-100% yezopolitiko, kwaye iingxoxo ezibambekayo zisilela nge-100%. Kukho amawakawaka amagama amalunga nemibandela efana namashumi eminyaka eendlela zokuvota phakathi kwabafazi abatshatileyo okanye phakathi kwamaKatolika, kodwa phantse akukho nanye malunga nayo nayiphi na imeko ebambekayo apho kufuneka kuqeshwe umkhosi. Icebiso lokuba somelele emkhosini ligcinwe ngokuzimisela ngokubanzi. Qwalasela imfazwe e-Iraq-ngokuqinisekileyo ngowona mcimbi ungxamisekileyo kweli lizwe okwangoku. Ababhali bethu abathethi nto ngayo okanye ngokuchasene nayo. Bamthatha uJohn Kerry ukuba athathele ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba eziphikise kwiphulo lika-2004, ngokuvotela imfazwe kuqala emva koko avotele ngokuchasene nenkxaso-mali yemfazwe. Kodwa abafuni kuthetha ukuba wayefanele akucombulule kusini na oko kuphikisana ngokuvota ngokuchasene nemfazwe okanye ngokuvotela inkxaso-mali. (Kwirekhodi, ndandibuhlungu xa wavotela imfazwe, ndinethemba lokuba eli gorha likhaliphileyo laseVietnam, elathi ngobugorha obungakumbi emva koko layichasa loo mfazwe, laliza kwenza inkonzo efanayo echasa iMfazwe yase-Iraq eyona ntlekele.)
Kakade ke, akuyothusi ukufumanisa amagcisa ezopolitiko aceba ukuphumelela unyulo. Le nto indala njengedemokhrasi. Kodwa iingxelo ezinamaphepha angamashumi amathandathu anesine zicebisa esidlangalaleni, ngaphandle komkhondo weengxoxo ezibambekayo, isicwangciso esipheleleyo seqela lezopolitiko, ndicebisa, into entsha.
Kwelinye icandelo ababhali babhengeza ukuba eyona ngqwalasela ibalulekileyo kumviwa olandela isicwangciso-qhinga sakhe โluvavanyo lobuntu.โ Bacacisa besithi, โAbaviwa abathetha kuphela le nto bacinga ukuba abanye bafuna ukuyiva abanakubonakalisa amandla. Abaviwa abatshintsha izikhundla zabo kwinto ekufuneka ibe yimicimbi yokugwetywa abanakuluphumelela uvavanyo lwengqibelelo. " Kuyo nayiphi na into ekufuneka yongezelele ukuba akukho mntu wezopolitiko othobela iingcebiso zabo unokubonisa amandla, kuba yintoni ingxelo yabo yonke kodwa umzamo onzima wokuqonda, kwiziphumo zovoto ezibuyela emva kwikota yenkulungwane, ukuba yintoni abavoti abafuna ukuyenza. uyeva?
Ngokweziphumo zabo, nabani na othatha iingcebiso zabo uya kulahlekelwa, kwaye uya kulahlekelwa.
Ilungelo lokushicilela lika-2005 uJonathan Schell
UJonathan Schell, umbhali we Ihlabathi Elingenakoyiswa, liZiko leSizwe likaHarold Willens Peace Fellow. Umfundi kaJonathan Schell isanda kupapashwa ziincwadi zeSizwe. Eli nqaku liza kuvela kwinkupho ye-31 kaOktobha ka- Iphephancwadi leSizwe.
[Eli nqaku lavela okokuqala kwi-intanethi ngo I-Tomdispatch.com, iblogi yeSizwe yeZiko, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, iindaba, kunye noluvo oluvela kuTom Engelhardt, umhleli wexesha elide ekupapasheni, umseki we iProjekthi yobuKumkani baseMelika kunye nomlobi Ukuphela kweNkcubeko yokuNqoba.]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela