Iinkokeli zaseNyakatho nezaseMzantsi Korea zidibene ePyongyang kule veki ukuxoxa malunga nokubakho kwesivumelwano soxolo ukuphelisa ingxabano yamashumi eminyaka eyahlula iPeninsula yaseKorea. Oku kuphawula intlanganiso yesithathu phakathi kwenkokeli yaseNyakatho Korea uKim Jong Un kunye noMongameli waseKorea u-Moon Jae-in ukusukela ngo-Epreli, xa iinkokeli zazixhawulana ngezandla kuMmandla ongaManyeliso, okanye i-DMZ, ezahlula la mazwe mabini.
Emva kokukhula kwethemba lehlabathi kubudlelwane obufudumalayo phakathi kukaKim neNyanga, ingqwalasela yatshintshelwa kwintlanganiso kaDonald Trump kaJuni noKim eSingapore. Ngaphandle kwethemba loluntu loxolo lokunyuka kwediplomacy emva kwesiphumo sengqungquthela esingacacanga kodwa esinethemba, amazwi amaninzi kumacala omabini e-Congress, kunye nangaphakathi kulawulo lukaTrump, baye baphazamisa ukubakho koxolo.
Ngokuchaseneyo nentetho edlamkileyo evela kwiinkokeli zaseWashington kunye nemithombo yeendaba, iNorth Korea yenze imvumelwano ethobekileyo ukusukela ngoJuni, njengokudilizwa kweendawo ezithile zokuqaliswa kwemijukujelwa. Kwintlanganiso yale veki, uKim uye wavuma vumela iingcali zamazwe ngamazwe ukujonga ukuchithwa okusisigxina kwendawo yovavanyo lwemijukujelwa kunye nesixhobo senyukliya.
Ngaphandle kwala manyathelo ozakuzo, uninzi lweenkokeli zikarhulumente zisafuna idenuclearization kwangoko nepheleleyo yaseNorth Korea-kwaye bakwenza oko ngaphandle kokunika isiqinisekiso sokuba iUnited States ayisayi kuhlasela. Kwangaxeshanye, bayala ukubhengeza ukuphela kweMfazwe yaseKorea, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yoloyiko lokuba inokukhokelela ekurhoxisweni kwamajoni angama-28,500 XNUMX aseMelika amise kwi-peninsula - nangona iNyanga ine. yaphelisa inkxalabo enjalo.
Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwengxokozelo kunye nokugebenga, intshukumo ezinzileyo, eqhubekayo yoxolo isebenza nzima ukulwa nokugxeka. Ngokuphembelela abachaphazelekayo emva kweziganeko, ukwakha imibutho emitsha kunye nokuhlaziya ibali lokukhuthaza uthethathethwano njengenkqubo enzima kodwa enexabiso, le ntshukumo iphakame ngaphezu "komlilo nomsindo" ukutshatisa indlela eya eluxolweni oluhlala luhleli kwiPeninsula yaseKorea.
Ukwakha imanyano
Phakathi kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zophuhliso lwentshukumo yoxolo kulo nyaka uphelileyo kukusekwa komanyano olubanzi. Ngokuka-Simone Chun, i-activist yamazwe ngamazwe, i-2018 iphawule "ixesha lokuqala sibona intsebenziswano eyoyikekayo, egcinayo kunye nabaphembeleli boxolo baseMelika kunye noluntu lwaseKorea."
Olu manyano luye lwavumela abadlali ukuba balungelelanise ngokucwangcisiweyo ekunyanzeleni iinjongo ezicacileyo, njengesibhengezo esisemthethweni esiphelisa iMfazwe yaseKorea kunye nediplomacy eqhubekayo kwindlela yoxolo. Olu manyano lube ngundoqo ekuphakamiseni uluhlu lwamazwi, ngakumbi lawo aseKorea, abasetyhini kunye nabantu bebala, abasoloko bejongelwa phantsi kwiingxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo eWashington DC.
I-Korea Peace Network, okanye i-KPN, yenye yeemanyano eziphambili zase-US ezikhuthaza uxolo kwi-Peninsula yaseKorea. Ikhokelwa yiKomiti yeNkonzo yaBahlobo baseMelika, isenzo soXolo kunye nomlweli woxolo waseKorea-waseMelika uChristine Ahn, i-KPN isebenza ukufundisa kunye nokuququzelela abaphembeleli boxolo baseKorea kwilizwe lonke, ukusuka kubagqatswa be-birddogging beCongress ukuya kubamba iiwebinars kunye neeseshini zokucwangcisa. NgoJuni, inethiwekhi iququzelele isenzo esibizwa ngokuba yi-KPN Advocacy Days, eyabona iqela labameli be-KPN. tyelela iCapitol Hill ukudibana namagqwetha aphambili, njengamalungu eKomiti yeeNkonzo ezixhobileyo, ukukhuthaza uthethathethwano noMntla Korea.
โAsinakukwazi ukumelana nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemfazwe,โ wongeze watsho. โUmakazi uhlala kufutshane ne-DMZ. Umkhuluwa wam uhlala eSeoul. Ngoko xa ndibona amathuba emfazwe ekhula, ndiye ndoyika ngokwenene.โ
UKwan uhlanganise imibutho engama-20 yaseKorea kulo lonke elase-United States kuthungelwano olubizwa ngokuba yi-One Korea Ngoku, ukuze bakwazi ukuxhasana ngcono iinzame zomnye nomnye zokuthethelela uxolo. Olu hlanganiso luye lwasebenza ngakumbi emva kokuba bebambisene nemibutho emikhulu, esekwe ngakumbi efana ne-Peace Action, eyathi yaqulunqwa ngexesha lentshukumo echasene nenyukliya ngeminyaka yoo-1950s kwaye inothungelwano lwesizwe olubanzi lwayo.
โKubalulekile ukuzama ukuphakamisa abo bantu banobuchule obungakumbi kwaye basemngciphekweni ngakumbi kwiintsapho zabo [ukuba bekukho imfazwe kuSingasiqithi waseKorea],โ utshilo umongameli we-Peninsula yoxolo uKevin Martin.
Kwangaxeshanye, nangona kunjalo, uKwan ufumene ucelomngeni ngokukodwa ukubandakanya iindawo ezithile zoluntu lwaseKorea-American kulo msebenzi woxolo.
โAbantu baseMelika abathetha isiKorea bangabantu abakwanti kuluntu lwaseKorea naseMelika,โ utshilo. โSisebenzisana neyona mibutho mikhulu yoxolo e-United States, kodwa uninzi lwabantu baseKorea-baseMelika abakaze beve amagama ala maqela. Indima yam kukwenza abantu baseKorea abathetha isiKorea-baseMelika bazibandakanye ngakumbi nemibutho yoxolo e-United States, kwaye bacinge ngoxolo lwaseKorea malunga nentshukumo yoxolo yehlabathi. "
Uququzelelo lwakutsha nje loxolo kwiPeninsula yaseKorea luye lwagxininisa ukubaluleka kwemibutho ekhokelwa ngabasetyhini ekuhlanganiseni inkxaso yoluntu eluxolweni.
I-Women Cross DMZ lelinye lamaqela akhokelayo kulo mbutho, kunye namaqabane afana neqela lamatshantliziyo akhokelwa ngabasetyhini iCode Pink. Ikhokelwa ngumlweli woxolo waseKorea-waseMelika uChristine Ahn, i-Women Cross DMZ iqalise iinzame zayo kwi-2015 ngokukhokela igqiza lamazwe ngamazwe labafazi be-30 ekuhambeni kwi-DMZ, elandelwa zii-symposiums zoxolo lwamazwe ngamazwe ePyongyang naseSeoul. NgoMeyi ka-2018, iqela lathumela elinye igqiza labasetyhini eKorea, ngokubambisana neNobel Womenโs Initiative kunye noHambo loXolo lwabaseTyhini. Ngelixa belapho, abaququzeleli baye babiza i-symposium yabasetyhini bonke, badibana nabachaphazelekayo abaphambili kwaye bacela isivumelwano soxolo kwindawo eyimbali yokuwela i-Reunification Bridge.
Ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni ezi nzame zokwakha indibaniselwano ziphakamise ingqwalasela nokwazisa uluntu โ zikwanyuse nenkxaso-mali ebifuneka kakhulu. I-Women Cross DMZ, i-Nobel Women's Initiative kunye ne-PeaceWomen yayingabo abafumana inkxaso-mali yezigidi ezi-2 zeerandi ezixhasa amaphulo akhokelwa ngabasetyhini etyhala inkqubo yoxolo esebenzayo ngo-2020. amazwi abo kwingxoxo yoluntu eqhubekayo malunga nenkqubo yoxolo yaseKorea.
โNgomzuzwana xa sonke saziva sibambekile, into yokuba amaqela abasetyhini aqale inkqubo yokuqhawuka kolu xingozeli ngokwenene ibonisa amandla ento enokwenziwa yimibutho yoxolo, ngakumbi into enokwenziwa ngamaqela oxolo lwabasetyhini,โ utshilo u-Ahn. Ukwagxininise indima ebalulekileyo edlalwe yimibutho yabasetyhini ekuceleni umngeni abo bafuna ukuthotywa kwezixhobo ngokupheleleyo nangokukhawuleza ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kakhulu kwidiplomacy kunye namanyathelo okutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo esisesikweni, njengoko kukho kwidenuclearization.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kobubanzi balo msebenzi wokwakha umfelandawonye, โโi-Women Cross DMZ iye yajongana nemiceli mngeni, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekufumaneni ingqwalaselo efanelekileyo kuluntu olubanzi loxolo, oluthe lwajolisa kakhulu kuMbindi Mpuma - nasemva kokuba uMongameli uBarack Obama ethathe amanyathelo. ebizwa ngokuba yi "Asia Pivot."
โNgandlelโ ithile, ndivakalelwa kukuba umbutho woxolo awuphumelelanga ngokwenene ekujongeni utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wemfazwe yase-US,โ ucacise watsho u-Ahn, esalatha kwinto ehlala ingahoywa. Uqhanqalazo lwaseMzantsi Korea kwiziseko zomkhosi wase-US. "I-peninsula yaseKorea ibonelele ngendlela yokutshintshela ingqalelo yethu, kodwa sisemva kakhulu apho kufuneka sibe njengentshukumo yehlabathi yokulwa imfazwe noxolo."
Umongameli we-Peace Action u-Kevin Martin uye wayiphinda le nkxalabo, kodwa wacebisa ukuba ingxaki ixhaphake kakhulu. โSiyakukhanyela ukulwa koluntu lwethu,โ utshilo. "Kukho iinkomfa ezidibanisa zonke iintshukumo eziqhubekayo, kodwa zishiya uxolo."
Ukuphembelela abachaphazelekayo abaphambili
Kangangeminyaka engama-40, imibutho edumileyo iye yafuna uxolo, idemokhrasi namalungelo abantu kuSingasiqithi waseKorea, kuquka uqhanqalazo lwabafundi bowe-1979 ePusan, iMvukelo yaseGwangju ngowe-1980, nephulo lonyulo oluthe ngqo lukamongameli ngowe-1987.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, olu vukelo lwafikelela kuvuthondaba ngo-2016 kunye neSouth Korean Candlelight Revolution. Lo mbutho, owatsala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-16, wagxeka ubuqhophololo bukaMongameli ngelo xesha uPark Geun-hye kwaye wavula indlela yokunyula uMoon Jae-in, umongameli ozimisele ukubeka phambili uxolo kwiPeninsula yaseKorea.
INyanga yenze umka ophawulekayo kwiinkokeli zangaphambili zaseMzantsi Korea 'intetho evuselelayo kwiNorth Korea yenyukliya kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya imijukujelwa, ibuyela "kuMgaqo-nkqubo weSunshine" yoomongameli ababini bokugqibela baseMzantsi Korea. Ngokwenza oko, ugxininise iiprojekthi zoqoqosho kunye notshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko phakathi kwamazwe amabini, njengokwakhiwa koololiwe ukuze badibanise i-peninsula, ukulungiselela ukuhlangana kwakhona kweentsapho, kunye nokusingatha imidlalo edibeneyo yezemidlalo kunye namaNyakatho naseMzantsi Korea. Kubekho iminyhadala emininzi kawonke-wonke ekhuthaza uxolelwaniso, njengemidlalo yeOlimpiki yasePyeongchang ngoFebruwari, xa omabini amaqela ayematsha phantsi kweflegi enye kwaye adlala iqela elimanyeneyo lehoki yabasetyhini.
Ukusukela oko wanyulwayo, iinzame zikaMoon zokukhuthaza uxolo kunye noMntla Korea ziye zanda ngaphaya kobudlelwane bala mazwe mabini. UTrump ucele iNyanga ukuba isebenze "njengomthetheleli oyintloko" kwindibano yesithathu yaseKorea ngoSeptemba. Le ndima ayibobungqina bezakhono zeNyanga kwezozakuzo nje kuphela, kodwa iqaqambisa intembeko ayakhileyo njengomdlali ophambili kwinkqubo yothethathethwano.
Njengonyulo lweNyanga, intshukumo yoxolo inendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka idlale ekuphembeleleni abachaphazelekayo abaphambili kwinkqubo yoxolo yaseKorea, kubandakanya namalungu eCongress.
"INorth Korea ngumba wexesha elide," utshilo uCharissa Zehr weMennonite Central Committee, umbutho wamaKristu okhuthaza uxolo kunye noncedo loluntu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya neNorth Korea. "Kwakuncinci kakhulu esinokukumela ngaphakathi [kumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo luka-Obama] umonde wobuchule. Ngoku kukho indawo eninzi kwaye inokwenzeka ngakumbi, kodwa iseguquguqukayo. โ
Ukubandakanyeka kwemibutho esekelwe kwinkolo efana neMennonite Central Committee kunye neKomiti yaBahlobo kwi-National Legislation, okanye i-FCNL, ibe nefuthe ekunyanzeliseni abachaphazelekayo ngokufumana indawo efanayo kunye nabameli bezomthetho eWashington. I-FCNL ihlanganise uthungelwano lwabantu abangaphezu kwe-1,500 kwilizwe lonke kumaqela eengxoxo asezantsi ukuba baphembelele abameli babo benkongolo. [Isibhengezo esipheleleyo: Umbhali wesi siqwenga usebenzela inkqubo yeFCNL's Advocacy Teams]. La maqela aphakamisa umthetho oza kufuna isigunyaziso se-congressional kuyo nayiphi na imfazwe neNorth Korea, ngokuchasene nesigqibo esingenacala ngumongameli. Ngokutsho kwe-FCNL yaseNorth Korea ingcali u-Anthony Wier, ivoti yengqungquthela yemfazwe iya kwenza ukuba imfazwe ibe ncinane, njengoko ibiya kuba ngumdlalo omkhulu wokungcakaza kuye nabani na obaleka ukunyulwa kwakhona.
Ukusukela le njongo yoxinzelelo lowiso-mthetho olusezantsi, amaqela agqwesileyo abandakanye ubuchule bokuyila, njengokukhupha ibhafu eyenziwe ekhaya, okanye โiibhombu zokuhlambela,โ kwimarike yamafama asekuhlaleni. Uphawu olukhaphayo lufundeka "Iibhombu zokuhlambela hayi iibhombu zeAtom," befuna ukutyikitya kwisibongozo samalungu abo eCongress ukuba axhase umthetho.
Iinzame zokuphembelela abachaphazelekayo eWashington baye bajongana nemingeni eqikelelwayo yokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko - amandla aqhuba iinkokeli ezininzi kwiDemocratic Party ukuba zigxeke iingxoxo kunye nokuthotywa kwemikhosi yase-US eMzantsi Korea. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo malunga nokuzibophelela kukaTrump ekulandeleni uthethathethwano loxolo, iinkokeli ezikhuthaza isivumelwano soxolo neNorth Korea zithi yenza ingqiqo ngakumbi ukuvuma xa abalawuli bethatha amanyathelo ngendlela yoxolo.
โUburhalarhume becala, ngakumbi iiDemokhrasi onokucinga ukuba ziyakuxhasa idiplomacy, ngumngeni wokwenyani kwaye oqhubekayo,โ utshilo uMartin. โGcina amandla akho okulwa noTrump nangawuphi na omnye umba. Kulungile ukuba namathandabuzo. INgqungquthela [yaseSingapore] ayizange ivelise iinkcukacha ezininzi, kodwa xa ithelekiswa nekwindla yokugqibela xa besisongela imfazwe yenyukliya, sikwindawo elunge ngakumbi.โ
UNam uphinda ezi mvakalelo, wongeza ngelithi, โKufuneka silwele uxolo nanini na sinako. Sisoloko sithetha 'Nika uxolo ithuba.' Ngoku iinkululeko kunye nabaqhubela phambili, abaye bakhuthaza uxolo kule minyaka i-100 idlulileyo, kufuneka banike uxolo ithuba - okwenyani ngeli xesha - nokuba livela kuTrump. "
U-Ahn wabelane ngendlela efanayo, ebalisa ngendlela amalungu amabini aphambili eCongress - omabini abameli "wokuchasa" - azisa umthetho ojonge ukuphazamisa amandla kamongameli wokunciphisa imikhosi yase-US eMzantsi Korea. "Kunjani ukuxhathisa, xa igcina umkhosi waseMzantsi Korea kunye nokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe?"
Ukuthelekisa imeko kwiingxoxo zikaRichard Nixon kunye neTshayina, u-Ahn wachaza ukwala ukubandakanya ulawulo lukaTrump kwimicimbi yoxolo njengamathuba "amakhulu" alahlekileyo. โAkalunganga kuyo yonke enye into, kodwa le yindawo entle,โ watsho. "Banike imbeko yokwenza into engazange yenziwe ngomnye umongameli: ngethemba lokuphelisa iMfazwe yaseKorea."
Ngelixa abaninzi beyigatya le mbono njengokucinga okunqwenelekayo okanye ukungabi nangqondo, uluntu loxolo lukholelwa ukuba luyanda, uvumelwano olubambekayo oluvela eNyakatho Korea ngokutshintshiselana nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho kunye nediplomatic yindlela enokwenyani yoxolo kunokuba ifune ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yabo yenyukliya ngaphambi kokuba babone. naziphi na izibonelelo.
NgokukaMartin, kulapho amazwi abantu baseKorea-baseMelika anokuba nefuthe elikhulu. "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu baseKorea-baseMelika bathi, 'Heyi Dems, siyaqonda ukuba umthiyile uTrump kwaye uyayichasa yonke into [ayenzayo], kodwa le yinto efunwa ngabantu baseKorea.'
Ekugqibeleni, inqaku likaMartin ligxininisa imfuneko yokwakhiwa kwentshukumo yoxolo - kunye nenkqubo yoxolo - ebeka abantu baseKorea, abona bachaphazelekayo ngokuthe ngqo kulo mba.
โAndizange ndilubone umanyano olungaka phakathi kwabantu baseKorea-baseMelika malunga nale nkqubo yoxolo,โ utshilo uChun. โXa ndidibana nolutsha, ndiyaqonda ukuba esi sisizukulwana esahluke kakhulu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ngabo abaza kukhokela ikamva.โ
Ukugxininiswa kwakhona kwendima yamaKorea kunye namazwi kwinkqubo yoxolo kunokubangela ingxabano phakathi koMzantsi Korea kunye ne-United States, njengoko kuboniswa yintetho yoSuku lweNkululeko yeNyanga. Ithunyelwe kwinyanga ephelileyo, intetho yabeka isicwangciso sokudityaniswa okukhulu kwezoqoqosho phakathi kweNyakatho neSouth Korea, ichaza, "Siyi-protagonists kwimiba enxulumene nePeninsula yaseKorea."
U-Ahn ubhiyozele le ngxelo, esithi, โKum, oko kuvakala ngathi sikumzuzwana. Le yinkqubo ehambayo nokuba iMelika ithini na. Ngoku kufuneka sibeke ixesha kunye nokubila ukwenza ukuba yenzeke. โ
Ukuhlengahlengisa ibali
Njengoko kungqinwa yintetho yoSuku lweNkululeko yeNyanga, ulwimi lunceda ukubumba uluvo loluntu ngokuthanda inkqubo yoxolo - kunye Iipesenti ezingama-90 zabemi baseMzantsi Korea abaxhasa iingxoxo. Iinkokeli zombutho woxolo zizama ukwenza okufanayo e-United States, apho uninzi oluncinci - ngepesenti ye-70 -inkxaso yeentetho kunye neNorth Korea. Inkxaso enjalo iphazamiseka kumazinga aphantsi okuvunywa kukaTrump kunye nokungamthembi uKim Jong Un.
โKufuneka sitshintshe lowo uthetha ngomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle asuke kwiMfazwe ebandayo, isakhelo sabelungu,โ utshilo u-Ahn.
Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukunika ubuso bomntu kulo mbandela. Sele, ukudityaniswa kosapho kunye nemidlalo edibeneyo yebhola ekhatywayo yaseMantla-Mazantsi eyenzeka kwiPeninsula yaseKorea - into uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abangaziyo ngayo.
โUmbutho woxolo kufuneka ube luncedo ekwandiseni le miyalezo,โ utshilo u-Ahn.
Ekugqibeleni, ngokukaChun, imalunga nokwenza ingxelo engaphantsi malunga ne-denuclearization kwaye ngakumbi malunga namaKorea amisela eyabo indlela eya eluxolweni.
"Yonke into igxile ekubeni iNorth Korea iya kuziyeka izixhobo zayo zenyukliya," utshilo uChun. "Kubantu baseKorea, oku kumalunga nokukwazi ukubumba ikamva lelizwe [labo]."
Abantu abaninzi baseKorea-baseMelika bathatha ithuba lokuyenza yaziwe le nto, ngelixa-kwangaxeshanye - bekwabonelela ngemodeli kulo lonke elaseMelika malunga nendlela yokutshintsha ibali.
"Ngaphambi kokuba iinkokheli zaseNyakatho nezaseMzantsi Korea zihlangane nge-27 ka-Epreli, ukuhlangana kwakhona kwakuyingxaki," utshilo uKwan. โKwathatha isibindi esikhulu ukuxoxa ngomanyano lwaseNyakatho noMzantsi Korea kuluntu lwaseKorea-Amerika. Ukuba uthetha ngayo, uya kubizwa ngokuba ngumkomanisi kunye novelwano lwaseNorth Korea. Ngoku yinto wonke umntu athetha ngayo!โ
Oku kwandiswa kothethathethwano nabemi kunye nesenzo kunokuba yinto elungileyo kuphela kubameli benkqubo yoxolo. Okukhona abantu bedibana bexhasa uxolo kuSingasiqithi waseKorea, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukuba iinkokeli zehlabathi ziziphike kubo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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