Umthombo: Ingcamango yeNtlalo yohlaza
Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo I hUbhale amanqaku amaninzi abonisa ukuba iCuba inonyango olungcono kunye nemfundo ngaphezu i-US. Ukunyaniseka, kudala ndazi ukuba kukho indawo yoqeqesho lwezonyango apho abafundi bezonyango e-US bafumana uqeqesho olungakumbi kunabo bafunda eCuba.
Oku kuqonda kwafika kum xa intombi yam uRebecca yayikunyaka wayo wokuqala kwisikolo sezonyango eHavana. Ndathi ndakumfowunela emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa elapho, wathi, โTata, ndivuya ngokwenene kuba ndiseyintombazana wandinika inaliti nomsonto wokuthunga. rips ezingubeni zam. Eklinikhi namhlanje, sibone umntu egqobhoze intloko ngocelemba kwaye umfundi ofundela ubugqirha wayeyithunga kwakhona. Bekucaca ukuba lomfo ebezama ukuthunga inxeba akanawo amava ngenaliti nomsonto kwaye nomfo oqatywa iziziba entloko angatsho. Ngokuthunga endikwenzileyo, ndiyazi ukuba ndinako phatha inxeba.โ
Sincokole ngamanye amanxeba akhe dibana no ndaza ndabuza, โMangaphi amanxeba ompu owabonileyo?โ Wandixelela ukuba akazange ayibone kodwa wayeya kubuza kwabanye abafundi eklasini yakhe. Akukho namnye kubahlobo bakhe owayenazo baphathwa inxeba lokudutyulwa.
Umbandela wehla de kwaba yiminyaka embalwa kamva xa wandazisa, "A ngelixa ubuyile undibuze ukuba ngaba bakho na abafundi be-med endibaziyo abanabo kubonwa inxeba lokudutyulwa. Ewe, kukho umntu osandul' ukundixelela ukuba wayenayo. Yena baphathwa ipolisa elalikhuphe umpu kwisingxobo salo emva kokuba liphumile emsebenzini, laza, ngaphambi kokuba liwubeke kwindawo yokhuseleko, lawuwisa, labetha emgangathweni laza lahamba, imbumbulu yangena ezinyaweni zakhe.โ
ANgaloo mzuzu ndaqonda ukuba, ngelixa kukho izityholo zobuxoki ezingenakubalwa malunga neyeza laseCuba, inye into enokuthi iyinyani: abafundi abafundela ubugqirha eCuba bafumana umsebenzi omncinci isiphathoukudutyulwa kwamanxeba kunabo bafunda e-US.
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Kutheni le nto iCuba inomonzakalo wemipu ombalwa kangaka eMelika? Ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo ngenxa yokuba sisiqithi sama-pacifists abangazange balwe. Xa ndandisihla ngesitrato esingasemva ngenye intsasa, ibhotile yerum yeza itsiba-tsiba ecaleni kwendlela yaza yema ecaleni kweenyawo zam. Ndabona amadoda amabini ebopheleleka ukuze anqande owesithathu owayekhwaza into ethile ngeSpanish endingayivayo. Iimitha ezilishumi okanye ezili-15 kude nomnye umfana wayekhwaza ngendlela efanayo kwaye ebanjwa. Kwikhaya lentombi yam, ndachaza oko kwenzekayo ndaza ndeva ukuba, โKusenokwenzeka ukuba babesele benxilile ubusuku bonke baza baxambulisana nebhinqa elithile. Kukho amanxeba kunye nemikrwelo kwiGumbi likaNgxamiseko ngalo lonke ixesha ukusuka kwi-crap enjalo. " Ezinye iziganeko ndeva malunga undifundise ukuba abantu baseCuba banokungena kwizinto ezingenamsebenzi njengoko abantu baseMelika besenza.
Luncinci ubundlobongela bompu be kuba ICuba ayinalo kwaphela ubugebenga? Hayi, akunjalo. Ndikhumbula ndivuswa kwisikhalo somsindo wommelwane kubiwa iiturkey zakhe ezimbini kwiyadi yakhe yaseHavana. Ndiphangiwe izihlandlo ezithathu ebomini bam โ kabini eSt. Louis kwakanye eHavana. Ndithe xa ndikhwela ibhasi yaseHavana ndagilwa phantsi, ndicinga ukuba kukho umntu otyibilikayo kum. Kodwa xa sasihla ebhasini, ndafaka isandla kwibrifkheyisi yam ukuze ndifumane ikhamera yam ukuba ayikho. Intombi yam yachaza, โNdibheja ukuba laa mfo ukugibiselayo akuyonto nje ngengozi. Usenokuba uyibonile ikhamera yakho kwindawo yokugqibela waza wayikhupha ebhegini yakho xa wawuwa phantsi.โ Ukukhuthuzwa akumnandanga naphina, kodwa kuyinto encinci ukuba nesikizi ukufumana into ethathwe kwibrifkheyisi yakho kunokuba ukhombe umpu (njengoko kwenzekileyo omabini amatyeli xa ndandikhuthuzwa e-US).
Oku kukhokelela ngqo kumbuzo wokuba ubundlobongela bemipu e-US bunokuba lukhulu kunokuba luseCuba ngenxa yokufumaneka kwemipu. Vngakumbi ngakumbi BaseMerika gcina umpu ngesandla. โI-United States yeyona elona lizwe lixhobe kakhulu ehlabathini ngemipu engama-90 kubemi abali-100.โ Ukanti, iZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo wezoQoqosho lifumene akukho nkxaso kwi nkolelo ukuba imipu engakumbi ibangela ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kunye neziphene ezibhaliweyo kuphando ukuba ibange ikhonkco likhona.
Ukongezelela, Ndiyarhana ukuba ikhona umahluko phakathi kwabemi baseCuba nabaseMelika kwisimo sabo sengqondo malunga nemipu. Ngokungabi yingcali kumthetho waseCuba, ndabuza abantu abaninzi malunga nemithetho yobunini bemipu. Abanye bathi abanakuba nawo umpu kwaye abanye bathi banawo. Ingcaciso ethe yavela kulo mahluko kukuba akukho namnye kwaba baseCuba ndithethe nabo obonakala ewukhathalele lo mxholo de ndababuza. Akukho namnye waseCuba owathetha into ekude ngathi, "Kufuneka ndibe nompu ukuze ndizikhusele kumntu oqhekeza ikhaya lam."
Onjani wona umahluko omkhulu kwi-US! Ngoxa abanye besithi imipu ibiya kubangela ingozi engakumbi kunokukhusela, izigidi zimi ngelithi umpu yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina iintsapho zazo zikhuselekile yaye inani elikhulu kakhulu liyakhwankqiswa yingcamango yokuba imipu ayinakuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi babo.
Ngaba isizathu sokuba kukho ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngompu e-US ukuba abantu abaninzi baseMelika baqeqeshelwe ukulwa kwiimfazwe? UDavid Swanson ucinga njalo. Wenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwabadubuli abaninzi e-US kwaye wafumanisa ukuba "I-34% yabadubuli abaninzi base-US ... ngamagqala omkhosi, xa kuthelekiswa ne-14.76% kubemi ngokubanzi.โ Emva kokudubula kwabantu abaninzi e-US, wagxininisa ukuba isisombululo iya kuba "Ban imipu damn. Bonke. Kuyo yonke indawo. Yenzeni ngoku, zidengendini!
Luluvo oluqatha kakhulu olo; kodwa ikwayimpazamo. Ukongeza kuphando olukhankanywe ngaphambili olubonisa ukuba imipu eyongezelelekileyo ayikhokelela ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi, ukudubula kwabantu abaninzi kubangela kuphela inani elincinci lokufa kwemipu e-US.
Kwakhona, kukho umahluko phakathi kwamagqala ase-US kwimfazwe yawo echasene ne-Viet Nam vs. Ukhathalelo lweMpilo lwaseCuba: Inguquko eqhubekayo. Olo ngenelelo lomkhosi lwaba nemiphumo enzulu kwilizwe ngalinye. Ngoxa abantu baseMerika abazizigidi ezisisi-2.5 baye bakhenketha eViet Nam, ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye kwisithathu samajoni asuka eCuba (ilizwe elincinane kakhulu kunelase-US) akhonza eAngola. Abantu baseCuba babenokuphinda kathathu ithuba lokuya eAngola njengoko amaMelika ayeya eViet Nam. Ewe, umahluko omkhulu yayikukuba izenzo zase-US zazifanele umntu oxhaphaza abanye ilizwe elincinane ngelixa izenzo zaseCuba zazimanyene nabantu abamnyama baseAfrika kwaye babe ibaluleke kakhulu ekupheliseni ulawulo localucalulo eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukuze ube nomfanekiso ochanekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-US ayilona lizwe elinobundlobongela kwihlabathi kwaye iCuba ayiyona into engenabundlobongela. I Iyure yeNdaba zePBS idwelisa iBrazil njengeyona ndawo inobundlobongela, ngokubulawa kwabantu abangama-43,200 ngenxa yemipu US njengendawo yesibini enobundlobongela nabangama-37,200 XNUMX abafa ngolo hlobo. Amanye amazwe ahamba phambili kolona ludwe lunobundlobongela ubukhulu becala akwiLatin America, kunye noMzantsi Afrika. I-Knoema unika ICuba ikwinqanaba lamashumi amahlanu anesithathu anobundlobongela ngama-27 abantu ababulawa ngemipu ngonyaka, ngaphantsi kwamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Nangona i-US inamanani amalunga nama-30 inani labantu baseCuba, inamathuba ali-1378 okufa kwemipu.
Tyakhe kakhulu inqanaba eliphezulu lokubulala imipu e-US kuneCuba ayinakuchazwa nge-pacifism kwisiqithi, ukungabikho kolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseCuba, inqanaba eliphezulu lobunini bemipu yase-US, okanye ukubandakanyeka kwiingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe (nangona okokugqibela okukhankanywe kunokuba ne-twist enamandla). kunjalo, izinto ezimbini ezinokudlala indima emandla ekubulaweni kwemipu yaseMelika.
Kukho intaba enyukayo yobungqina obungaguqukiyo nobuphandwe kakuhle that ukwabiwa kobutyebi obungalinganiyo kunxulunyaniswa nokufa ngemipu. Ijenali BMC yezeMpilo amaxwebhu athi, phakathi kwama-3244 e-US counties, abo โbane amanqanaba akhulayo okungalingani kwemivuzo kungenzeka ukuba bafumane ukudutyulwa kwabantu abaninzi." Ababhali baqiqa ngelithi ukungalingani kwemivuzo kubangela umsindo nengqumbo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi.
Uphando phakathi kwamazwe ngokufanayo iyakuqinisekisa oko izinga eliphezulu lokubulawa kwabantu ngemipu kukhapha ukungalingani okukhulu kwemivuzo. Inqaku kwi Scientific American ishwankathele iingxelo zophando ezininzi. Omnye wachaza "ngokungathandabuzekiyo" ukufumanisa ukuba "Ukungalingani kwemivuzo kukodwa kucacisiwe I-74% yomahluko kumazinga okubulala. " Kwakhona, uphando lweBhanki yeHlabathi luqinisekisile ikhonkco lehlabathi phakathi ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwezibonelelo kunye namazinga okubulala.
Enye into ekunokwenzeka ukuba kubhubhe ngayo imipu isekelwe kancinci kumanani kuba yimbali nenkcubeko. Njengoko uNoam Chomsky echaza ngokucacileyo, i Imfazwe yase-US yokuzimela yayisekelwe kumnqweno wamakholoniyali azizityebi (a) ukwandisa ukuya ngasentshona ukusela umhlaba ongakumbi kumaMerika Omthonyama kunye (b) nokwandisa ubukhoboka. Ekubeni iNgilani yayichasa zombini, amakholoni adala inkcubeko yobundlobongela bemipu ukutyumza uvukelo lwamaIndiya kunye namakhoboka. UChomsky uchaza ukuba iMfazwe yamakhaya yase-US yalandelwa kukunqwenela imipu, kodwa umnqweno wakhutshwa kumashumi eminyaka kamva yimibono eyenziweyo yeWild West.
Uninzi lwabantu baseCuba bafumanisa ukuba ukuthanda kwaseMelika kubundlobongela kubi. Njengogqirha waseCuba UGqr Gilberto Fleites Gonzales waxelela uCandace Wolf owayenodliwano-ndlebe oku: โZininzi izinto ezimbi kakhulu eUnited States, ezinjengokungabi nanyameko yezempilo yehlabathi lonke nokwanda kogonyamelo kwibutho lakho. . . . Usendleleni yokutshabalalisa umhlaba nabantu behlabathi. iplanethi ngokunyoluka kwakho nezixhobo zakho zenyukliya.โ
Inxalenye yesizathu sokuba oonkululeko bafune ukuthatha imipu kunokuba baqonde ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko yobundlobongela yinkolelo yabo enzulu yokuba i-capitalism ingunaphakade, okwenza kube nzima ukudala uluntu olwahlukileyo. Bayasilela ukuqonda ukuba ugonyamelo luye lwakhuliswa bubukapitali kakhulu ngathi ubuhlanga nokucalulana ngokwesini kwenziwa mandundu luqoqosho lolawulo. kanye njengokuba ubuhlanga nocalucalulo ngokwesini kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi zengcinezelo ziya kubakho ixesha elide emva kokuba ubukhapitali buwile, ngoko ke ubundlobongela ngokubanzi kunye nobundlobongela bompu bufuna imizabalazo yengqondo ukuze boyise. Azikho iindlela ezimfutshane ezifana โnokuthatha imipuโ ziya kuze zisebenze ukuba uqoqosho lolawulo lusesihlalweni sabaqhubi.
Kanye njengokuba bekuya kuba bubudenge โukulinda kude kube semva kwe-revolutionโ ukuze silwe ucalucalulo, asinako ukulibazisa ukucela umngeni kwinkcubeko yobundlobongela egquba kuzo zonke iinkalo zobukapitali. Imizabalazo ecela umngeni kwingcinezelo ngaphandle kokuphumelela iya kusilungiselela kwaye ifanekisele imizabalazo enokutshintsha uluntu xa isifo sobukapitali soyisiwe.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iingxabano zobuqu azikho kwiligi efanayo nobundlobongela obufundiswa kwinkcubeko yolawulo. Isithethe esinjalo siqeqesha abantu kwasebuntwaneni ukuba banelungelo lokubulala ngenxa yokuba bephakamile kunabanye - bongamile ngenxa yodidi lwabo, okanye bongamile ngenxa yobuhlanga okanye inkolo okanye udidi, okanye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukongamela ngenxa yokuba behlala kwilizwe eliye laphila ubomi obutofotofo. umntu ozelwe kunene ukuphanga ubutyebi kubantu behlabathi ababagqala njengabaphantsi.
Oku koko kwahluke kakhulu ekungeneni kwe-US kwi-Viet Nam kunye ne-Cuba yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe zaseMazantsi e-Afrika. I-US yaya eViet Nam ukuze ithobe elo lizwe ngokwentando yalo. ICuba yangena eAngola yaza yalwa nemikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika ikhulula abantu kulawulo lobuhlanga. Ngaloo ndlela, iimfazwe zinokuwaxhobisela kakuhle amajoni ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ukuba ziimfazwe zolawulo.
Oku kubonisa indlela enentsingiselo yokunciphisa ubundlobongela e-US. I-US kufuneka iphelise ukungalingani kwayo okukhulu kunye nokwandisa ubutyebi kunye neemfazwe ezingayekiyo zolawulo ukuba kuncitshiswe ukubulala ngaphakathi kwemida yayo. Okanye, ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, kufuneka iyeke ukuphanga bobutyebi ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Okushiyiweyo kuninzi lweentlondi ezichasene nobunini bemipu yinto endala kakhulu, eyinyani kwaye ecace gca: Ukuba urhulumente uthatha imipu yomntu wonke, ke kuphela abaza kuba nemipu iya kuba ngurhulumente. Lixesha lokuba abantu bafumane inyani malunga norhulumente wase-US, umkhosi kunye namapolisa. Akukho mandla emhlabeni anobundlobongela kwaye abulala ngaphezu kweqela elilawulayo lase-US, elithe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-200 lintywiliselwe egazini labantu bomthonyama abanomhlaba wabo. iphangiwe, amakhoboka arhuqelwa ngamatyathanga ekhonjwe ngemipu ukuze afuduswe ngenkani aze asebenze ngaphandle kwentlawulo, namaza alatyuzayo amaqela abaphambukeli aye abethwa ngokulandelelanayo yaye ngoku abukele abantwana bawo bevalelwe. Ngaba simele sikholelwe ukuba aba baxheli basemthethweni ngabo โabamele ukusikhuselaโ ngokuba nolawulo lodwa lwemipu? Ndicela ube serious.
Inqaku lokugqibela kwicala eliqaqambileyo. Umntu waseMelika ocinga ukuya kwisikolo sobugqirha eCuba akufuneki akhathazeke ngokungakulungeli kakuhle ukunyanga amanxeba okudutyulwa. Ukugqiba indawo yokuhlala kuso nasiphi na isixeko sase-US kunye nokusebenza kwiGumbi likaNgxamiseko ngexesha lesibini sangoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo ebusuku kuya kunika loo mfundi lonke uqheliselo olufunekayo.
UDon Fitz ([imeyile ikhuselwe]) ikwiBhodi yoHlelo ye Ingcinga yeNtlalo eluhlaza apho uguqulelo lweli nqaku lwavela kuqala. Wayengumgqatswa ka-2016 we-Missouri Green Party yeRhuluneli. Incwadi yakhe Ukhathalelo lweMpilo lwaseCuba: Inguquko eqhubekayo ikhona ukusukela ngoJuni ka-2020.
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1 amagqabantshintshi
Umba wokufuna ukongamela kunye nokungafani kobutyebi ngundoqo ekuqondeni i-US, imbali yayo kunye nenkcubeko. Oku akuze kuchukunyiswe kwimfundo jikelele yase-US, NAZE. Indima yezemidlalo kunye ne-centrality yokhuphiswano e-US mhlawumbi isembindini, nayo, mhlawumbi njengenkuthazo okanye umphumo. Ukufuna ukongamela kutyhutyha lonke ubudlelwane bentlalo ukusuka kusapho ukuya kwisizwe siphela.