I-PARIS-Ngorhatya olungaphandle kwe-metro yase-Belleville eParis, isihlwele sihlanganisene sibambe uqhankqalazo lufuna ubumi bamakhulu-waka amawaka abaphambukeli baseFransi, ababizwa ngokuba umphambukeli ngokungekho mthethweni (ngokoqobo "ngaphandle kwamaphepha"). Njengoko iingoma zoqhanqalazo ziphindaphindeka kwizitrato zaseParis, isandi esibhekisa kumbutho onamandla wangoku wentlalo umiliselwe kwimbali. Abaqhankqalazi baquka inkqubo ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko zaseFransi kwesi sixeko samandulo saseYurophu.
Uqhanqalazo kulo lonke elaseFransi luchasile ukugxothwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngowama-2007, uMongameli waseFransi uNicolas Sarkozy wabhengeza injongo karhulumente yokugxothwa kwamawaka angamashumi amabini anesihlanu kulo nyaka, nto leyo eyabangela ugqogqo oluqhutywa ngurhulumente kwilizwe lonke.
Ubunzulu benkcaso ethandwayo yokuqhekeka okuqalwe ngurhulumente kuye kwanda kwiinyanga zamva nje, ukuphendula kubundlobongela kunye nentlekele. Umfazi waseTshayina kwisithili saseBelleville eParis wasweleka emva kokuphuma efestileni njengoko icandelo lamapolisa lingena kwisakhiwo sokuhlala; Inkwenkwe yaseRussia igcine ukwenzakala entloko emva kokuwa ebalcony ngelixa izama ukubaleka abasemagunyeni kwaye indoda yaseMntla Afrika yophuka umlenze emva kokutyibilika kwifestile kwikomkhulu laseFransi ngexesha logqogqo lwamapolisa.
Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngoku ngumcimbi obulalayo eFransi, kwezopolitiko nakwinyani.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezopolitiko ngokuchasene nezikhukula ezixhaswa ngurhulumente zokugxothwa zisasazeka kuzo zonke izithili ezininzi okanye i-arrondissements yaseParis, nakwilizwe lonke. Umongameli waseFransi uSarkozy uthe kutsha nje iFransi "icatshukiswa kukufuduka okungalawulekiyo." Nangona kunjalo naluphi na uphando olusisiseko lubonisa ukuba ukucaphuka kulinganiselwe kumacandelo alondolozayo kuluntu oluntsonkothileyo lwezopolitiko. Abaninzi bayayigatya inkqubo yangoku yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.
Unxibelelwano olunzulu lwezopolitiko luye lwavela kule minyaka yakutsha nje ukuphendula kwingxaki yokugxothwa ejongene nelizwe, kubandakanya iRéseau Éducation Sans Frontières, inethiwekhi yesizwe emiliselwe kwinkqubo yezikolo zikarhulumente zaseFransi, eqhutywa ngabafundi kunye nootishala besilwela uhlengahlengiso lwabafundi abangengabo. neentsapho zabo.
Ugxininiso lwethu kukukhusela iintsapho, nokuqinisekisa ukumanyana kosapho eFransi, kuzo zonke iintsapho kuzo zonke iimeko, kubandakanya neentsapho ezingenamaphepha,” kuchaza uArmelle Gardien, umfundisi-ntsapho kwiLycée yaseFransi esebenzayo ngaphakathi kweRéseau Éducation Sans Frontières. "Njengootitshala kubalulekile ukujongana neenyani zabafundi kwizikolo zethu ezingenazo amaphepha, abafundi kunye neentsapho zabo ezingekho mthethweni eFransi, zihlala zihlala kwiimeko ezimbi, ngoko ke senze inethiwekhi yethu ukuze silwele ukulungiswa rhoqo."
Kulo lonke elaseParis nakwilizwe lonke eliququzelela iikomiti ze Réseau Éducation Sans Frontières ziye zasekwa ezikolweni nakwiindawo zoluntu, nto leyo eyabangela umdla kumajelo eendaba kumazwe ngamazwe emva kokuba uthungelwano lubhengeze izicwangciso zokukhusela abafundi be-sans papiers ngokuchasene ngokuphandle nemiyalelo yokugxothwa exhaswa ngurhulumente.
“Idabi lethu kukulwa nomgaqo-nkqubo wangoku wokufudukela eFransi,” utshilo uArmelle Gardien. "Kwakhona sitsala nzima ukusuka kuluntu ukuya kuluntu, sakha inkxaso ngaphakathi kwesikolo ngasinye kubafundi abangekho kwimeko, sizama ukwakha ulwazi malunga neenyani ezijongene nama-sans papiers namhlanje eFransi."
Iimfazwe zokufudukela eFransi
Ezitratweni, ezikolweni nakumaziko ezopolitiko aphambili elizwe, amadabi ezopolitiko ajikeleze ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe alatha ukubaluleka kwalo mbandela. Inani elandayo loqhanqalazo lwasezitalatweni lwenzeka eParis kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo, lusoloko lukhokelwa ngabacwangcisi bephepha.
“Ndiyakukhaba ukuphila ubomi boloyiko eFransi,” utshilo uKarim Djebloun 9ème Collectif des Sans-Papiers, kumboniso kwisithili saseBelleville eParis, i-sans papiers yaseAlgeria. "Ngalo lonke ixesha xa ndingena kumetro ngaba kufuneka ndoyike ukubanjwa ngamapolisa kuba iFransi yalile ukundinika okanye usapho lwam ubuzwe baseFransi?"
Andinguye ulwaphulo-mthetho, ndifuna ukuphathwa njengomntu opheleleyo, utshilo u-Djebloun phakathi kwesihlwele esicula eParis. "Ndifuna isikhundla sam kunye nazo zonke ii-sans papiers eFransi, ngoko nangoko."
“Namhlanje, ndiya kulo mboniso ngokuphandle, ndithetha namajelo eendaba kuba ndiyala ukuhlala ndisoyika,” uqhubeka uDjebloun. "Kuphela ngomzabalazo ezitalatweni ukuba sitshintshe umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente; zonke iinguqu ezinkulu zezopolitiko kwimbali zaqala ezitalatweni, kunye nomzabalazo wethu wokulwa namaFrentshi e-Algeria waqala ezitratweni."
Ekupheleni kuka-2007 urhulumente waseFransi wazisa inkqubo yovavanyo lwe-DNA ejoliswe kumalungu osapho lwabaphambukeli abafaka izicelo zokundwendwela elizweni.
Uqhanqalazo lwaququzelelwa kulo lonke elaseFransi ngokuchasene nomthetho wovavanyo lweDNA owathi ekugqibeleni wapasiswa ngesininzi esincinci kwipalamente yaseFransi. Uvavanyo lweDNA kubantu bamanye amazwe abazama ukukhusela ii-visa akunyanzelekanga phantsi komthetho omtsha. Nangona kunjalo, kuyoyikwa ukuba abafaki-zicelo ze-visa abangazingenisiyo kuvavanyo-abathathwe ngeendleko zabo-baya kukhatywa izicelo zabo yiFransi.
Amaqela enkululeko yoluntu kulo lonke elaseFransi nakwamanye amazwe - kuquka i-Amnesty International - igwebe umthetho omtsha wokuvavanya i-DNA, ukulungelelaniswa kweendlela ezikhoyo esele zisekwe e-US, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe asentshona yaseYurophu.
Kwi-Afrika iphela, imigaqo-nkqubo yokugxothwa eyamkelwa ngoorhulumente baseFransi abalandelelanayo, ijolise kubantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe abangengabo, ihlala ichaza imbono yezopolitiko yeFransi yanamhlanje.
NgoMeyi ka-2007, ukutyelela kukaSarkozy eMali kwabangela uqhanqalazo olukhulu kunye nenkcaso ebanzi yendawo ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yokufudukela eFransi, eye yaqinisa iimfuno ze-visa, ngelixa isusa umthetho okhoyo ovumela abasebenzi abafudukayo ukuba bafake izicelo zokuba ngabemi emva kweminyaka elishumi.
"Sicaphukile ngolu tyelelo kwaye sicinga ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ukufika kukaMnu. Nicolas Sarkozy kwilizwe lethu ngeli xesha yinto nje ephazamisayo," lichaza ilungu lepalamente yaseMaliya ngexesha lotyelelo lukaSarkozy. Amatshantliziyo oMbutho wabaseMaliya abagxothiweyo eFransi baququzelela ukuhlala ngaphandle kwehotele yaseSarkozy eBamako, ikomkhulu laseMali, beqhankqalazela umgaqo-nkqubo wokufudukela eFransi.
IFransi: Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nembali yobukoloniyali
Njengegunya langaphambili lobukoloniyali kuMbindi Mpuma, iAfrika kunye neAsia, ukufudukela eFransi okwangoku kunokulandelwa kwimbali yobukoloniyali.
Uluntu oluhlala ngaphandle kwelizwe lonke - ngoku lujongene nokugxothwa kwabantu abaninzi - bafumana iingcambu kumazwe asemazantsi kwihlabathi liphela bezamazama izithunzi zobukoloniyali; Imbali yenyaniso edityaniswe ngokungathandabuzekiyo nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho, ungquzulwano lwasekuhlaleni kunye nemfazwe eqhuba imfuduko yangoku ukuya eFransi.
U-Atman Zerkaoui uthi: "Imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku yaseFransi malunga nabaphambukeli ifana nexesha elidlulileyo lobukoloniyali. Mouvement des indigenes de la république. "Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, eAlgeria, bekulindeleke ukuba sikhonze ubukhosi baseFransi ngaphandle kombuzo, njengabasebenzi, njengamajoni, ngelixa namhlanje imithetho yakutshanje ephunyezwe ngurhulumente waseFransi ivumela kuphela iingcali okanye izityebi eFransi ziguqulela urhulumente ukuba aphinde abe koloniyali. I-ideology, apho abantu abavela kwiikholoni bakhona ukuze bakhonze iFransi, uqoqosho lwaseFransi ngelixa iFransi ibeka imimiselo yobudlelwane bethu ngokuzimeleyo. "
Njengoko iFransi iye yahamba kule minyaka yakutshanje ukuze itywine imida kunye nokuqinisa imithetho yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, amanyathelo asemthethweni athathiwe malunga nembali yobukoloniyali ngokunjalo. Kwi-2005, ipalamente yaseFransi yapasisa umthetho ophikisanayo malunga nokufundiswa kwembali ye-colonial yaseFransi kwizikolo zikarhulumente, umthetho abagxeki abaphikisayo ukuzama ukucima kwiimbali ezininzi zolwaphulo-mthetho lwamakholoni yaseFransi kuMntla Afrika, ngokukodwa eAlgeria.
"Iinkqubo zesikolo kufuneka ziqaphele ngokukodwa indima elungileyo yobukho baseFransi phesheya, ngakumbi kuMntla Afrika," ufunda umthetho we-2005, osayinwe kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amathandathu yokubulawa kwabantu e-Sétif ngo-1945 e-Algeria, xa amajoni aseFransi abulala amawaka abantu base-Algeria emva kwemibhiyozo. ekuphenduleni ukoyiswa kweJamani yamaNazi yajika yaba yindibano enkulu yenkululeko yase-Algeria.
"Iingcambu zokuthiya abantu basemzini namhlanje eFransi, babuyela emva kwimfazwe yase-Algeria," ucacisa uDavid Common, umnxibelelanisi we-CBC waseYurophu ozinze eParis. "Abantu abaninzi baye babhala ngolu xhulumaniso, njengokuba ngexesha lemfazwe yase-Algeria, iFransi yayinomothuko wangempela, ukulahlekelwa udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuphumelela kwe-Algerian independence movement."
"USarkozy uthe ngoku yonke into kodwa uxolo malunga nendima yeFransi kwi-Algerian, kwiindawo zangaphambili zaseFransi," uqhubeka uDavid Common, "ezisa phambili ingcamango yokuba ixesha elidlulileyo lidlulileyo, ngaphandle kokuthetha ngokuphilisa, okuyindawo efanayo. eCanada ndithetha yonke into kodwa ndiyaxolisa malunga nembali yezikolo zokuhlala zeZizwe zokuQala. "
Izidubedube kwilali
Namhlanje, iFransi imi kumda wesazisi sesizwe, njengoko imbali ingena kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yangoku malunga nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ethe kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje yachaza ubume bamaziko amakhulu asezidolophini kweli lizwe.
Ukugxothwa kume njengendawo enye kuphela yobunzima obuxhaswa ngurhulumente phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala ezihlelelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho kwiindawo eziyingozi zaseParis, undoqo wongquzulwano olukhulu phakathi kwemikhosi yezokhuseleko lukarhulumente kunye nabahlali basekhaya olwathi lwavusa izihloko zamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2005.
"Imbali yahluliwe kumxholo wexesha langoku, yiloo nto kanye esilwela ukuyitshintsha," ucacisa uSonia Barbacha we-Mouvement des indigenes de la république. "Sisokola ukukhulula le mbali yobukoloniyali eqhubelekayo kude kube namhlanje."
"EParis sijongene nemeko yobukoloniyali, ijografi yedolophu ifana kakhulu nemeko yobukoloniyali eAlgeria," utshilo uBarbacha. "Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iziko lesixeko esimhlophe, ngelixa abantu abavela kwiindawo zangaphambili ezijikeleze umbindi wedolophu, behlala ezidolophini, yijografi yobuhlanga, ethi ngamanye amaxesha iguqulelwe kwimvukelo yentlalo njengoko ihlabathi lakubonayo ngo-2005."
IFransi ihleli ililizwe elisemagqabini. Njengoko isiphithiphithi sezopolitiko kwiminyaka yakutshanje siye sachaza ipolitiki yaseFransi, ukusuka kugqabhuko-dubulo oludumileyo kwiindawo zaseParis eziqhutywa lulutsha lwabaphambukeli abahlelelekileyo ngokwentlalo, ukuya kukukhula kokwaliwa kokugxothwa okukhulu kwiindawo ezazisakuba ngamathanga aseFransi kunye nethemba elibi lokudodobala koqoqosho, ngenxa yoko. yokudodobala koqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe okukhulayo, okukhokelela kumathuba ambalwa ezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.
"Ukwahlukaniswa okupheleleyo kwentlalontle phantse akukho thuba loqoqosho, unokuqala ukuqonda imeko kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni," uDavid Common weCBC undixelela ngekofu eParis. "Ubundlobongela buyanda xa amapolisa amancinci aseFransi ethunyelwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yenkonzo yabo, efika ngendlela enzima kwiindawo ezisele ziguquguqukayo kwaye emva koko ubundlobongela bezentlalo obukhoyo, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yentlupheko, budla kubundlobongela obuchasene nabantu. Mapolisa."
Imbali ifaka impembelelo enzulu kwinyani yezopolitiko yamaFrentshi yangoku, imbali, efana nale yangoku, lithafa ledabi elichazwa ngamaqela alwayo ongquzulwano olunzulu oluqondwa ngcono ngokwemigaqo yobukoloniyali.
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Nikela