Njengoko iBolivarian Revolution yaseVenezuela ingena kwishumi elitsha leminyaka yomzabalazo kwaye ngokungenandelelo ihambela phambili kwinjongo yayo ye'21st Century Socialism,' imingeni enzima kwikamva lenkqubo evela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe iseninzi. Ngenxa yoko, imibuzo engundoqo ejikeleze i-Venezuela yokunyuka kwengxabano kunye ne-West, indima edlalwa yinkokeli yayo evuthayo kunye ne-output Hugo Chavez, kunye nekamva lenkqubo ngokwayo lihlala libalulekile namhlanje kunanini ngaphambili. Iintatheli ezisekelwe e-Australia kunye namatsha ntliziyo omanyano eVenezuela ixesha elide uFederico Fuentes kunye noKiraz Janicke bebelandela ngononophelo inguqu yezopolitiko eqhubekayo yaseVenezuela iminyaka eliqela ngoku, bechasa i-Spin yeendaba eziqhelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngokubaluleka komhlaba kunye nohlalutyo malunga nenkqubo njengoko isenzeka. . Ndibe nethuba lethamsanqa lokuhlala phantsi ndithethe nabo bobabini eToronto ngaphambi kokuba babuyele eCaracas, emva kokhenketho lweentsuku ezili-10 lwaseCanada.
UAli Mustafa: Ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka ngoku sele idlulile ukususela ekuqaleni kweBolivarian Revolution eVenezuela. Ngaba unokubonelela ngenkcazo yohlobo lweenzuzo ezenziweyo ukususela ekubeni uMongameli u-Hugo Chavez sele enegunya kwaye iVenezuela ibonakala njani namhlanje?
UFederico Fuentes: Ewe, ndicinga into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqaphele malunga neenzuzo ezenziweyo kwiminyaka eli-10 yeRevolution yaseVenezuela luphuculo olukhulu olwenzekile kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Inyaniso yokuba uninzi lwabantu ababefudula bekhutshelwa ngaphandle ngoku lufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo lwasimahla, imfundo yasimahla, intswela-ngqesho yehle ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sento eyayikho ngaphambili, izinga lentlupheko lehlile, kunye nezinye izibalo ezininzi kunye nezalathi zentlalo ezibonisa ukuba imigangatho yokuphila ngokubanzi yaseVenezuela iphucuke kakhulu. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ibe kukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu kwezopolitiko kubomi bemihla ngemihla; sithetha ngelizwe apho, ngokoqobo, into emalunga nama-80 epesenti yesizwe yakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye yavakalelwa kukuba yayingamelwanga kwaphela luhlobo lomelo lwedemokhrasi kunye nenkqubo yamaqela amabini awayekho.
Kukuwa kwaloo nkqubo kunye nentshukumo ebalulekileyo yotshintsho eyathi yavela – phambi konyulo lukaChavez kodwa ke, ethe ngoko yavuselelwa nangakumbi lunyulo lukaChavez – ekubhalweni kwakhona komgaqo-siseko omtsha ozise ezi nzuzo zibalulekileyo. Oku kubonakale kuququzo olubalulekileyo olwenzeka ngakumbi ngo-2001, 2002, 2003 olwathi loyisa ubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi kunye neenzame zongxowankulu zokukrwitsha uqoqosho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba urhulumente akazange akwazi. ukwenza okuninzi 'yeemishini' eyathi yazibekela yona kuqala, kodwa ngaloo mzabalazo yakwazi ukuya kwindawo apho yayinokuqalisa ukwenza uninzi lwezi nkqubo zentlalo, kwaye njengoko ihlala ibeka ugxininiso abantu ababandakanyekayo kuzo. Ndicinga ukuba enye yezona zinto zinika umdla kukuba, umzekelo, amaphulo okhathalelo lwezempilo – ayikokuba ukhathalelo lwempilo lwasimahla luyabonelelwa kodwa olu khathalelo lwempilo luqhutywa ngabantu, besenzela abantu.
Ke, ndicinga ukuba iVenezuela ekhoyo namhlanje yahluke kakhulu kwinto ebinje nge-10, iminyaka eli-11 eyadlulayo kwicala lezentlalo, kwicala lezopolitiko-kwaye ndicinga ukuba yiVenezuela namhlanje, ngobuninzi bayo, yala ukubuyela umva. kwinto eyayikho ngaphambili. Yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo onokuthi uzifumane phakathi kwabantu baseVenezuela: nokuba zeziphi na iingxaki, okanye nantoni na abadibana nayo, bavakalelwa kukuba akusekho kubuyela kwinto eyayinje iVenezuela kwaye bazimisele ukufa. ukukhusela oko baphumeleleyo.
Kiraz Janicke: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba okokuqala abantu baseVenezuela banorhulumente ozimeleyo ngokwenene kwi-imperialism yase-US. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukongeza kuzo zonke iinzuzo zentlalo, olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lolu hlobo lokuvuka kwezopolitiko kwabantu baseVenezuela kunye nesixa sokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu baseVenezuela kubomi bezopolitiko ngeemeko ezininzi zedemokhrasi ethatha inxaxheba kumazantsi. Umzekelo, amabhunga oluntu athe ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2005 aphuhlisiwe kwaye asasazwa kwilizwe lonke. Ngoku unamalunga nama-35,000 ala mabhunga oluntu…apho iqumrhu eliphezulu lokwenza izigqibo yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yasekuhlaleni, kwaye okubalulekileyo banakho ukukhumbula amagosa anyuliweyo okanye izithethi ezonyuliweyo. Le yenye into ekwayenye inzuzo enkulu yedemokhrasi yoMgaqo-siseko ka-1999…owayengumgaqo-siseko wokuqala abantu baseVenezuela abakwaziyo ukuzigqibela ngedemokhrasi. Bavotela loo mgaqo-siseko ngokwedemokhrasi kuvoto-zimvo oluthandwayo, nokuba ngeendlela ezininzi uye wabonelela ngesikhokelo esisemthethweni sotshintsho olungakumbi. Kodwa eyona nto yabangela utshintsho ibe kukuhlanganisa abantu.
Ekuqaleni xa urhulumente we-Chavez eqala ukulawula, uChavez wathi wayecinga ukuba kukho indlela yesithathu phakathi kwe-Capitalism kunye ne-Socialism kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukudala i-Capitalism kunye nobuso bomntu. Ngalo lonke ixesha xa urhulumente wayezama ukuphumeza uhlaziyo olunceda abantu abaninzi abangamahlwempu baseVenezuela, babequbisana nochaso olunobundlobongela obugqithisele kulawulo lwemveli; umzekelo, ukwenziwa kobhukuqo-mbuso ngo-2002, abaphathi bavaleleke ngaphandle kwishishini leoli, njalo njalo. Ngokwenyani kuye kwadlula le nkqubo uChavez ngokwakhe waphuma wathi, 'Ndifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba akunakwenzeka nje ukuguqula inkqubo kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuyitshintsha inkqubo ngokupheleleyo,' kwaye waphuma waza wenza udumo lwakhe. intetho kwiForam yeNtlalo yeHlabathi yePorto Alegre kwi-2005, apho wabiza khona 'i-Socialism ye-21st inkulungwane'. Kwaye oko kubangele ingxoxo enkulu kakhulu eVenezuela… Abantu banolwazi lwezopolitiko kakhulu, abantu bathatha inxaxheba kwaye baxoxa kwaye baxoxe ngenye indlela yenkqubo yobukapitali, esengxakini ngoku.
AM: Ngaba ungacacisa ngakumbi malunga nokusekwa kwala mabhunga oluntu kunye nendlela angena ngayo kwingcamango yothatho-nxaxheba lwentando yesininzi ngoku emiliselwe eVenezuela?
FF: Ewe, xa uChavez wonyulwayo wathi ekuphela kwendlela yokuphelisa intlupheko kukunika amandla abantu, kwaye ndicinga ukuba amabhunga oluntu mhlawumbi awona mzekelo ubambekayo waloo nto. Imvelaphi kumabhunga oluntu kukuba kuyo yonke i-90's kwabakho ugqabhuko-dubulo loququzelelo loluntu - ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihluphekayo eCaracas, kodwa nakwezinye izixeko ezikhulu - kwaye into oyibonileyo kukuvela kwezinto ezincinci kakhulu, Iikomiti zasekuhlaleni ezijongene nemiba emininzi: ezempilo, imfundo, izindlu, iindlela, amanzi, kodwa zonke zikhankasela imiba yasekuhlaleni. Amabhunga oluntu aphuma kuloo mfuneko yokuhlanganisa zonke ezi komiti, ukuze endaweni yokuba abe ngamaqela nje akhankasela ukuba urhulumente okanye urhulumente enze izinto, eneneni aququzelela ezo luntu ukuze zona zikwazi ukulawula le miba. .
Amabhunga oluntu namhlanje amele iintsapho ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-400 kwindawo yasezidolophini, iintsapho ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-50 kwindawo yasemaphandleni (njengoko zithe saa kakhulu), kwaye ngokusisiseko luluntu ludibana ukuze luxoxe ngezona mfuno zabo zingxamisekileyo kwaye, ngaphakathi. ezo zidingo, ezizezo bona njengoluntu…banokuza kunye nesicwangciso sendlela yokulwa ezo ngxaki… Ugxininiso, kwakhona, hayi ekuceleni omnye umntu ukuba akwenze oko, kodwa azenzele ngokwakhe – kakade uncedo lukarhulumente – kodwa exhobisa ngenene abantu ngaloo nkqubo.
KJ: Kwaye kukho umbono ovezwayo ngoku - kwaye luphuhliso olutsha kakhulu eVenezuela - oko kukuthi, ukwakhiwa kwento abayibiza ngokuba zii-communes. La angaphezulu nje kwenani elidityanisiweyo lamabhunga oluntu kodwa neminye imibutho efana nookopolotyeni kwindawo ethile ngokwejografi eya kuthi inxibelelanise ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ezisuka kumazantsi aphantsi ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu kunoko kunokwenziwa libhunga loluntu. Umzekelo, ibhunga loluntu linokwenza isigqibo malunga neprojekthi encinci kwindawo abahlala kuyo kodwa abanako ukwenza isigqibo sokwakha isikolo esitsha kuba leyo yinto echaphazela indawo enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa umba obalulekileyo wezi ndawo zoluntu luluvo lokuba banepropati ngokudibeneyo okanye ulawulo lweendlela zokuvelisa kwindawo yabo yengingqi. Ngoko ke, uluvo alupheleli nje ekubeni uluntu lukwazi ukuhlanganisana kwaye luthabathe izigqibo malunga nokuba izibonelelo zabiwa njani na; banokuba ngabanini beendlela zokuvelisa ezinceda olu luntu kwaye babalawule ngokudibeneyo…
Oku kuhambelana nombono wokuba uChavez uthethe amaxesha amaninzi kwaye wayeyinxalenye yesiphakamiso sakhe sohlaziyo lwereferendamu ngo-2007 yento abhekisela kuyo 'njengokudala ijometri entsha yamandla eVenezuela,' kwaye ngokusisiseko lo ngumbono wokudala i-superstructure entsha. yahlukile kwisakhiwo esidala selizwe laseVenezuela. Ngoko ke, ukongeza ekudaleni amabhunga oluntu kunye nee-communes, kukho umbono wokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yee-communes ngomyinge obanzi; ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukudala iidolophu ezidityanelweyo okanye izixeko ezidityanelweyo kwaye ekugqibeleni oko bakubiza ngokuba ziindawo zokuhlala. Kwaye nje ngaphambi kokuba sihambe eVenezuela, kwakukho umthetho omtsha owapasiswayo obizwa ngokuba 'nguMthetho weBhunga loRhulumente we-Federal', kwaye ingcamango kukuba iya kudala indawo apho aba bameli okanye izithethi zala maziko aphantsi - kunye nabameli be imibutho yemveli efana neerhuluneli noosodolophu kunye nesigqeba sesizwe – bangathabatha inxaxheba… Lo ngomnye umzekelo ongundoqo apho ubona ilinge lokunabisa amagunya asuka kwiziseko zemveli zombuso wongxowankulu…
AM: Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindaba ezingqonge iVenezuela zidla ngokumela enye yezinto ezimbini ezigqithileyo: indumiso engagxekiyo kunye nokunconywa ngabaxhasi kwelinye icala, kwaye kunjalo, ngakumbi kumajelo eendaba aseNtshona, uhlobo lwe-reflexive, de-contextualized vilification kaChavez kwelinye. Njengabantu ababini abachithe ixesha elininzi begubungela iVenezuela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe, yeyiphi eyona mbono iphosakeleyo malunga neBolivarian Revolution ongathanda ukuyisusa?
KJ: Ewe, kum, ndicinga ukuba eyona nto iphosakeleyo okanye ubuxoki obuphindaphindiweyo kumajelo eendaba yingcamango yokuba lo ngurhulumente ongenademokhrasi - ukuba uChavez unguzwilakhe. Uninzi lwamajelo eendaba ezizwe ngezizwe agxile kakhulu kuChavez, kodwa ahlala engayinanzi into yokuba intshukumo yaseBolivarian, ekhokelwa nguChavez, yintshukumo eyenziwe zizigidi zabantu abaxhasa uChavez: abasebenzi, amahlwempu asezidolophini, campesinos, abafundi, amacandelo asuka kulo lonke uluntu lwaseVenezuela… Bavakalelwa kukuba urhulumente waseChavez uphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo esemdleni wabo. Ukuba ujonga kuzo zonke iivoti zoluvo kule minyaka, ziya kubonisa ukuba uChavez unamanqanaba aphezulu enkxaso ngaphakathi kuluntu lwaseVenezuela, kwaye ihlala ijikeleza nge-60% inkxaso. Kwaye ayisiyiyo nje into yokuba abantu bangabaxhasi nje beChavez, bangabaxhasi abakhutheleyo, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo kwiBolivarian Revolution.
FF: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo enye yeentsomi eziphambili kumajelo eendaba ngulo mbono weVenezuela isiya kubuzwilakhe obungenademokhrasi - into ehlekisayo kuba ndicinga ukuba alikho elinye ilizwe emhlabeni elineenkqubo zonyulo ezingaphezu kweVenezuela. Phantse minyaka le kukho unyulo, kwaye kuye kwakho umzekelo omnye wolonyulo aphulukene nalo urhulumente, kwaye leyo yayiyivoti yohlengahlengiso loMgaqo-siseko ngo-2007, nto leyo engenzekiyo phantsi kolawulo lobuzwilakhe… Obunye ubuxoki obuphambili kukuba. le ngcamango yokuthintelwa kwenkululeko yoonondaba; Ndicinga ukuba ngumba obalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwimeko ye-RCTV [Radio Caracas Televisión Internacional]… Kufanelekile ukucacisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho sikhululo sikamabonakude sakha savalwa eVenezuela. Into esinayo yi-RCTV, eyathi ngo-2007 – emva kokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekuxhokonxeni nasekuqhubeni ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaluza kuthi, ngokomthetho, lube nokuthetheleleka ngokulula ukuba bakhutshwe emoyeni nakweliphi na ilizwe – ayizange isuswe emoyeni; endaweni yoko, iphepha-mvume labo laliza kuhlaziywa…kwaye urhulumente, okanye ugunyaziwe wosasazo, wagqiba kwelokuba ngeli xesha kwakungekomdla wakhe ukuqhubeka nokunika inkampani ilayisenisi eza kuyisebenzisa ukudodobalisa ilizwe.
Kwaphinda kwathi, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, yaba sisihlava kumazwe ngamazwe kuba, nangona saxelelwa ngo-2007 ukuba yavalwa iRCTV, isasasaza (yayisasaza ngentambo). Kodwa lo yayingengombuzo wokuba urhulumente avale umlomo abantu abaphikisayo; le yayiyisikhululo seTV esisebenza ngokungekho mthethweni: amaphepha abo athi yayiyijelo lamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ngokomthetho - kwaye wonke umntu wamkela oku, kuquka i-RCTV emva koko - yayiyijelo lesizwe, kuba ngaphezu kwe-80% yemveliso yabo yenziwa eVenezuela. kubaphulaphuli baseVenezuela. Ngoko kwakufuneka bawahlaziye amaphepha abo, yaye urhulumente wathi bade benze njalo, babeza kukhutshwa okwexeshana emoyeni. Emva kokuba amaphepha efakiwe, babekwazi ukusasaza kwakhona ngentambo. Kukho eminye imizekelo emininzi, kodwa ndicinga ukuba yeyona inkulu isoloko ikumajelo eendaba.
KJ: Ewe, ke, njengentatheli ezimeleyo, ndibeka iliso kumajelo eendaba mihla le malunga neVenezuela kwaye ndijonge ukuba zithini na zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yeendaba malunga norhulumente - zombini imithombo yeendaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle - kwaye kuya kufuneka nditsho ukuba uhlobo lokukhohlisa kunye ukugqwethwa kwenyani yaseVenezuela yinto endingazange ndayibona kwenye indawo. Kukho intatheli yaseOstreliya kunye nomenzi wefilimu, uJohn Pilger, owathi, 'Le nto uyibonayo ngokwenene liphulo lobuxoki elingazange libonwe ngaphambili eliqhutywa ngokuchasene norhulumente weChavez' -
FF: Yimfazwe yamajelo eendaba –
KJ: Ngokwenene yimfazwe yamajelo eendaba. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba uya eVenezuela kwaye ubone ukuba imidiya ithini, oku kuya kucaca ngokukhawuleza. Uhlala uva ibango lokuba akukho nkululeko yokuthetha kunye nokunye, kodwa ngaphakathi eVenezuela kukho amaphephandaba angaphezu kwe-50 yemihla ngemihla kwaye malunga ne-45 yaloo maphephandaba axhasa inkcaso kwaye ahlala ehlasela urhulumente imihla ngemihla - kuquka ukuba ne-headlines headlines ebiza. ngokubhukuqwa komkhosi kurhulumente… Emva koko unaloo maphepha-ndaba ama-4 axhasa inkqubo yaseBolivarian; kwaye ke ube nephephandaba elinye, uyazi, lizibonisa njengelingathathi cala. Ngoko ke, kwinqanaba loshicilelo lweendaba, inkcaso kurhulumente yongamele ngokugqithisileyo… Uninzi lwezikhululo zikamabonakude zinobutshaba obugqithisileyo ngokunjalo.
Omnye umba obalulekileyo ekufuneka uqatshelwe kukuba, ngenxa yenkqubo yeBolivarian, eneneni unoqhushumbo olukhulu losasazo lweendaba eVenezuela, ngakumbi izikhululo zikanomathotholo zasekuhlaleni eBarrios… websites njalo njalo. Ke oku kufana nesihlandlo sokuqala apho uninzi lwamaqela asezantsi kunye namahlwempu aseVenezuela befumana ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokwabo kwimveliso yeendaba zabo; kanti phambi korhulumente kaChavez, babengenalizwi kwezopolitiko okanye kumajelo eendaba. Babekhutshelwe ngaphandle nje.
AM: Kuyo yonke inkxaso ethandwayo aqhubeka eyonwabela eVenezuela, uChavez usengumntu ocalulayo apha eNtshona kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile nakwiLatin America, eboniswa njengento yonke ukusuka kuzwilakhe kunye ne-demagogue, ukuya kwigorha elikhululi kunye ne-socialist. Ingaba bubuso boguquko bumenza kangakanani ukuba ajongwe lula kwaye azondle kwimifanekiso eshukumayo elula ngolo hlobo?
FF: Ndicinga ukuba ayinakuphikiswa indima uChavez ayidlalileyo, into ebendiyikhankanyile ngaphambili, inqanaba elinzulu lolungiselelo lwasekhaya olwagqabhuka ngeminyaka yee-90s kodwa olwaqhekeka kakhulu kwaye lwasasazeka kwaye lwahlala kwindawo. Yintoni uChavez, ngaphezu komntu, kodwa njengomfanekiso, imele iprojekthi yesizwe edibanisa bonke aba bantu ekwakheni iVenezuela entsha. Olo manyano lukhoyo phakathi kukaChavez nabantu ngokwenene lube ngamandla ombane okwazile ukuqhubela phambili le nkqubo. Ngoku kunjalo, amajelo eendaba azama ukusebenzisa oku njengobungqina bokuba u-Chavez uzama ukuba ngu-demagogue kunye ne-populist, kodwa ndicinga ukuba into ecacileyo kuyo yonke inyathelo lendlela kukuba - ngokungafaniyo namanye amatyala apho ukhe waba nawo. imeko apho umntu othile uye wasebenzisa loo mandla ukuwomeleza - uChavez uye washukuma rhoqo ukuzama ukuxhobisa kunye nokulungelelanisa abantu, ecacisa kubo ukuba i-revolution ingaphezu kwakhe, ukuba i-revolution ngabantu kwaye yiyo. nabantu ukuba iya kuqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili.
Njengoko ehlala esitsho, ngenye imini uya kufa, ke le nto kufuneka iqhubeke okanye ngaphandle kwakhe (ngethemba lokuba uya kuba khona ixesha elide) kwaye ndicinga ukuba omnye wemizekelo ephambili yaloo nto kukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. I-United Socialist Party yaseVenezuela [PSUV] - oko kukuthi, ilinge lokuhlanganisa abona bantu baneemfazwe kwezopolitiko ukuba baxoxe kwaye baxoxe ngendlela eya phambili. Ngoko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo kumenza ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye ndicinga ukuba kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ngaphandle. Ndicinga ukuba kulula ukubona umbono othile, inxalenye yaloo meko, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukho inkcazo yembali, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ndiyakholelwa ukuba olo nxibelelwano phakathi kukaChavez nabantu belubaluleke kakhulu apho uhlaziyo lukhona namhlanje ...
AM: Ngokungathandabuzekiyo inguqu yentlalontle eVenezuela, kwangaxeshanye sibona iinzuzo ezinkulu ezenziwa kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America - eBolivia ngokomzekelo - kodwa hayi uhlobo olufanayo lohlaselo olunoburhalarhume oluvela kumajelo eendaba okanye iLungelo elilungelelanisiweyo. nje. Ucinga ukuba kutheni kunjalo nje?
FF: Ndicinga ukuba kukho imiba emininzi kuloo nto. Umba wokuqala yinyaniso yokuba u-Evo Morales yeyona nto inzima ekujoliswe kuyo ukuba ayihlasele buqu – ndithetha ukuba kulula kakhulu ukujolisa kuChavez osuka emkhosini; bayathanda ukuthetha ngendlela awazama ngayo ukwenza ubhukuqo-mbuso ngo-1992, kodwa eneneni yayiluvukelo lwecandelo lomkhosi kunye nabantu ngokuchasene norhulumente. Ngoko ke kulula ukuzama ukubonisa umfanekiso…'Lo mfo uvela emkhosini;' 'wenze ubhukuqo-mbuso;' 'uyindoda eyomeleleyo,' njalo njalo, nto leyo eyahluke kakhulu xa ujonga uEvo, umongameli wokuqala weMveli kwilizwe apho uninzi lwabantu bomthonyama. Ukuyibeka kwimeko, u-Evo wanyulwa kwi-2005; ngowama-2003 umongameli owayelapho ngelo xesha [uGonzalo Sanchez de Lozada] wayesithetha ngokoqobo iSpanish ngesandi sesiNgesi. Kwilizwe apho kukho abantu abaninzi abangathethi nokuthetha iSpanish kwaye ulwimi lwabo lokuqala lulwimi lwesintu, ulwimi lwesibini lwalo mfo yayisisiSpanish kwaye okokuqala isiNgesi… uvela kwintsapho ehluphekileyo yabalimi, ohamba phambili ekhokelela kwimizabalazo yentlalontle, abe yinxalenye yaloo ntshukumo yentlalontle, kwaye namhlanje imele umongameli wokuqala weMveli unzima kancinci, ndicinga ukuba, ukuhlasela.
Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abamhlaselanga noEvo. Akufunekanga silibale ukuba ngo-2008 kwabakho iinzame zobhukuqo-mbuso ngokuchasene no-Evo… Isiseko sentlalo sasinocalucalulo olunobundlobongela, abaMhlophe, abakumgangatho ophakathi empuma yeBolivia… uyazi, 'Masibhukuqe lo mIndiya ungento yanto' - leyo yindlela ababesoloko bebhekisa ngayo kuye, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye basathetha ngayo ngoku, ngaphandle kokuba basemva ngenxa yokuba imibutho yentlalontle ibabuyisele umva. Xa iNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko yadibana e-Sucre, kwabakho amahlokondiba obuhlanga awathi ahlasela aBemi bomthonyama apho… Obo buhlanga bukhohlakeleyo eBolivia, abeendaba bazama ukuyiveza ngokungathi nguEvo owayenoxanduva loko; bathetha ngendlela abazakwenza ‘impindezelo yobuhlanga’ kwabaMthonyama (indegender) kwabaMhlophe (impoxo beyamkela into yokuba abantu abaMhlophe ababephethe ixesha elide babeyenza loo nto kuBemi boMthonyama) kodwa ke. UEvo uyibeke yacaca into yokuba asingomsebenzi wakhe lowo; Injongo yakhe kukubandakanya bonke abantu baseBolivia, kodwa ukuqonda ukuba abantu bomthonyama banendima ephambili ekufuneka bayidlalile….
KJ: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba iVenezuela idlale indima ephambili-yinkokeli yolu tyhalo lokuzimela kwe-US kwiLatin America… Xa kwakukho ilinge lobhukuqo-mbuso eBolivia ngoSeptemba ka-2008, ngokuyinxenye yayingenxa yokuba I-impiriyali yase-US ngelo xesha yayikukukhetha into ababecinga ukuba lelona khonkco libuthathaka malunga nolu tshintsho lukhulayo ukuya eKhohlo eLatin America. Kodwa eneneni kwenzeka into echaseneyo kwaye i-upshot yaloo nto, njengoko uFred watshoyo, urhulumente we-Morales waphuma kuloo nto yomelezwa kwezopolitiko. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba bagxile kakhulu kwiVenezuela kuba idlala indima ephambili kulo mmandla, kwaye bafuna ukuzama ngokwenene ukuyibuyisela umva le nkqubo yokudibanisa kunye nokuzimela okwenzeka eLatin America. Ke awunalo kuphela olu hlobo lwephulo leendaba ngokuchasene noChavez… Yonke imihla usiva oonozakuzaku base-United States kunye namagosa aseKhanada, njengoPeter Kent [uMphathiswa waseKhanada weMicimbi yezaNgaphandle yaseMelika], baphume benze ingxelo ehlasela iVenezuela…
Omnye umba kukwanda komkhosi wommandla ukubeka uxinzelelo kwi-revolution eqhubekayo eVenezuela - ngoko uya kuyibona loo nto ngokuphinda kusebenze inqanawa yesine ye-United States, eyaye yacinywa emva kweWWII; iziseko zomkhosi ezisi-7 zase-US eKholombiya; imikhosi emi-4 eyongezelelweyo esekelwe ePanama; ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaluxhaswa yi-US eHonduras; kwaye ngoku ngaphezulu kwe-15,000 yemikhosi yase-US eHaiti, endicinga ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-geo-strategic kwi-impiriyalizim…. nangona kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba asiyiyo yonke into ehamba ngendlela yama impiriyali. Inyani yokuba onke amazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean aphume kutshanje kwaye athi, 'Siza kwenza umbutho ngaphandle kwe-US neCanada' ikunika nje olunye uhlobo lwesalathiso sokuba lungakanani olu tshintsho lwenzekile eKhohlo kunye nokuzimela….
AM: ILungelo elicwangcisiweyo kunye neqela elilawulayo lemveli alisekho kumandla ezopolitiko eVenezuela, kodwa bayaqhubeka nokusebenza njengamandla angathintelekiyo kunye nokuqina okudodobalisa ilizwe. Ungasixelela ntoni ngale bloc kwaye singakanani isoyikiso abasenzayo eVenezuela namhlanje?
FF: Ndicinga ukuba isoyikiso sokwenyani sivela eWashington. Le nkcaso ngaphakathi kweVenezuela ixhaswa kakhulu yiWashington kwaye yiyo loo nto inika amandla amaninzi kunye nokubonakala kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba inkcaso ayiqhubeki ukuba namahlakani awomeleleyo ngaphakathi kweVenezuela - njengoko uKiraz watshoyo, bayaqhubeka nokuba ngabanini beendaba ezininzi; ngokwezoqoqosho, baqhubeka benolawulo oluluqilima kakhulu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho abakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ukucinezela urhulumente; kwaye banesiseko esiluqilima, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abahlala bephuma bezokuvota ngokuchasene noChavez. Yiyo loo nto sibona, nakwiminyaka elishumi kamva, uninzi lonyulo luthanda ukohlulwa ngama-60 ukuya kuma-40 epesenti; abanye baya kwahluka kwaye behle baye kutsho kuma-50 ukuya kuma-50, kodwa ngokwesiqhelo ipesenti ithande ukuthembela ngakumbi ekuguquguqukeni kwevoti-okanye-enxamnye nerevolution kunokuba kufuneke ivoti exhasa iqela eliphikisayo. Uhlobo oluchasayo luhlala luzinzile, malunga ne-4 okanye i-5 yezigidi, kwaye baya kuhlala bephuma ukuze bavote, kwaye yile bloc ukuba iinkokeli ezichasayo ziye zakwazi ukugcina ngokulawula kwabo kwimidiya kunye noqoqosho. Ngokuqinisekileyo basisoyikiso kwaye kufuneka bathathelwe ingqalelo kakhulu, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kufuneka bathathelwe ingqalelo kakhulu kumxholo wento abayimeleyo, njengoko benditshilo, njengenxalenye yelo cala libanzi kumazwe ngamazwe kuba kulapho uninzi lwabo. imali ivela kwi….
Ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela - andicingi ukuba izoyikiso kuphela zivela kumgaqo-nkqubo wase-US, ezinye iirhulumente, kunye nenkcaso ngaphakathi kweVenezuela, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukho inkcaso yangaphakathi kwinkqubo ngokwayo; loo nto ngokuqinisekileyo ayizibonakalisi njengechasene noChavez (kuba ngokucacileyo akukho mntu unokwamkela nabani na phakathi kwenkqubo echasene noChavez) kodwa oko gqolo ukuzibonakalisa kwiinzame zokonakalisa amaphulo karhulumente… Oku kubonakaliswe ngeendlela ezininzi njengenkqubo. uye waba radicalized. Sibone abantu abahlukeneyo beshiya uvukelo; umzekelo wamva nje kukuba, umzekelo, iRhuluneli yaseLara, uHenri Falcon, owanyulwa ngaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-2 eyadlulayo njengeRhuluneli ye-PSUV kodwa namhlanje ushiye iQela kwaye sele eqalile ukuthetha ukuba akayi kuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo ethile. ukuba urhulumente uzisa. Ke, ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ngokwayo kukho imibono eyahlukeneyo kwaye kukho imfazwe apho. Kukho amacandelo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo abonisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluvela ngaphandle ukubamba le nkqubo.
AM: Oko kwahlukana kwe-60 - 40 kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kubonisa ukuba, inkxaso eninzi njengoko uChavez anokonwabela kwaye enzulu njengoko ukuzuza kwe-revolution kusekho, kusekho uhlobo lwe-tenuous balance ukusuka kunyulo ukuya kunyulo kunye ne-referendum kwi-referendum. ibeka emngciphekweni uzinzo lwe-revolution kwaye inokubangela ukuba ifake kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Uninzi lwayo lubonakala lubalelwa kugqatso lwabavoti olusezantsi okanye ukungarhoni xa kufikwa kwiireferendum eziphambili. Ubalela ntoni oku kunqongophala kwabavoti (nokuba kukuphoxeka okanye ukunganeliseki okanye njalo-njalo) kwaye ingaba oku kuzisa isoyikiso esingakanani kwirevolution ukuya phambili?
FF: Njengoko benditshilo, inkcaso igcine ibloc yokuvota eyomeleleyo, kwaye ayinyuki kakhulu; into eguquguqukayo kukuba bangaphi abantu abaphumayo ukuza kuvota okanye hayi. Ndicinga ukuba kukho izizathu ezibambekayo nezinzulu ngakumbi zoko. Izizathu ezibambekayo zezokuba xa uChavez esonyula abantu baphuma phandle bayokuvota kuba beqonda kwaye bekholelwa ukuba uChavez yinkokeli, kodwa uninzi lwezinye iirhuluneli noosodolophu namasekela eNdlu yoWiso-mthetho abanayo loo ntlonipho okanye izinga elifanayo. ngenkxaso yabantu...
Ndicinga ukuba omnye umceli mngeni ngowokuba - uFidel Castro uthe kuChavez ngcono: 'Jonga, kukho abantu abazizigidi ezi-4 abavote ngokungagungqiyo ngokuchasene nawe, kodwa akukho zigidi ezi-4 zeeoligarchs okanye izigidi ezi-4 zongxowankulu,' ke ikwangumbuzo wokuba. njani, njengoko benditshilo, ukudiliza amandla ezoqoqosho, loo mandla eendaba.
AM: Ngenxa yokuba i-Bolivarian Revolution, njengoninzi lwe-Left resurgence kwingingqi, yenzeke ngokukodwa kwibala lonyulo kwaye iqhutywe kakhulu kwisakhelo esikhoyo samaziko karhulumente, yintoni indima edlalwa yimibutho yentlalo yoluntu kubomi boguquko? Bafunxwe kangakanani okanye bawela kangakanani kurhulumente okanye banqunyulwa ekubeni basebenze njengamandla aphikisayo kulawulo lukarhulumente?
FF: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba inkalo ebalulekileyo kukuqonda umxholo wembali. Ngokomzekelo, ngokungafaniyo neBolivia apho u-Evo Morales wonyulwa njengomongameli emva kokuba oomongameli ababini ubuncinane babhukuqwa kwaye kwakukho iintshukumo ezinamandla zemibutho yentlalontle yesizwe enembali yomzabalazo, ngonyulo lukaChavez kwabakho uluvo olukhulu lokuchasa kunye nokuchaswa. I-neoliberalism kunye nenqanaba elikhulu loququzelelo lwasekhaya kodwa awukwazi ukuthetha ngentshukumo enamandla yentlalo efana naleyo wawunayo eBolivia…
Ndicinga ukuba namhlanje kukho umngeni. Nanjengoko la maziko matsha akhiwa ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ngabantu, bekunye norhulumente waseChavez, ngenene amiswe ngaxeshanye nalawo asele ekhona urhulumente afumanise ukuba akasebenzi. Uyazi ukuba kufuneka umisele umsebenzi okhethekileyo wokuqhuba ukhathalelo lwempilo xa uneSebe lezeMpilo, kungenxa yokuba uyamkela into yokuba iSebe lezeMpilo alisebenzi….yiyo loo nto kukho imfuneko yokuyila ulwakhiwo olutsha olunxuseneyo. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba ungayigcina ixesha elingakanani le nto? Ungayigcina ixesha elingakanani inkxaso-mali kumazwe amabini ahlukeneyo? Kuba njengokuba indala isifa kwaye intsha izalwa, indala, ngokuqinisekileyo, iya kuzama ukufumana i-stranglehold kumaziko amatsha asakhulayo - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubona ukuba urhwaphilizo kunye ne-bureaucratism eyosulela amadala iqala ukosulela amatsha. ngokunjalo… Ezi zizinto ezazikho ngaphambi korhulumente weChavez kodwa ezisekho kwaye azikatshatyalaliswa, kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba zicinywe ngemini enye – ngoko kukho loo ngxwabangxwaba...
KJ: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba kukho umzabalazo wokwenyani kuba urhulumente waseVenezuela wafumana ilifa longxowankulu kwingxaki, ilizwe longxowankulu elingazange likwazi nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantu baseVenezuela, ke urhulumente kuye kwafuneka agxile kakhulu ekujonganeni nezi. iimfuno ezisisiseko ... kodwa ndicinga ukuba oku kuya kusonjululwa njani kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimizabalazo yangaphakathi eVenezuela - ngakumbi umzabalazo wamacandelo asezantsi, abasebenzi, abahluphekayo basezidolophini, abaphembeleli abaphambili kunye namajoni kumabhunga oluntu kunye nokukwazi ukutyhala nokuphuhlisa ngokwenene. ezi zakhiwo zitsha - kodwa kunye nokuqiniswa kwe-PSUV kunye nombono wokudala isixhobo sezopolitiko esinokuqhuba inkqubo phambili ...
AM: IVenezuela lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu avelisa i-oyile kunye namazwe athumela kumazwe angaphandle kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ixhomekeke kakhulu kubutyebi be-oyile, obuxhase kakhulu ngezimali kwaye bafaka imali kwinzuzo yenguqu eyenziwe eVenezuela namhlanje. Okokuqala, ngaba le nto iyaziwa ngabantu baseVenezuela, kwaye okwesibini, ngaba lo ngumqobo womgaqo-siseko wobunzulu benguqu kwixesha elide?
FF: Ndicinga ukuba abantu baseVenezuela bacace gca ukuba uqoqosho lwabo ngokwembali luye lwagqwethwa kakhulu yindima yoshishino lweoyile… Ewe, umceli mngeni koko kukuba wenza njani na? Uqala njani ukuphuhlisa ishishini lasekhaya? Uqala njani ukuba nokudluliselwa kwetekhnoloji, apho urhulumente waseVenezuela anokuvuselela uqoqosho olutsha oluvelisayo? Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukho imiba ye-ikholoji kule nto… Ndicinga ukuba oku kuxhomekeka kwi-oli ngumngeni ekunzima ukuwuqhawula; akukho lula kangako ukususa uqoqosho kwi-oyile… Kulula ukuthembela kwingxowa-mali ye-oyile – uluvo lokuba imali ye-oyile inokusombulula zonke iingxaki zethu.
Kodwa andicingi ukuba ngumqobo womgaqo, kwaye andicingi ukuba umqobo womgaqo, ngokwawo, luhlaselo lwama impiriyali ngokuchasene neVenezuela. Ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi owona mqobo uphambili olujongene nawo uguquko ngulo mceli mngeni ukhoyo kwinkqubo, kuba ngala macandelo - athatha amanyathelo okonakaliswa kwezenzo zikarhulumente, ukubambela uguquko, ukubhida inkitha-evula indlela ama impiriyali ukuze akwazi ukwenza izenzo zawo… Kuba kuxa ngaphakathi unabantu abanxiba umnqwazi obomvu, abanxiba isikipa esibomvu, baze bakhahlele uChavez – kodwa besenza okuchaseneyo – apho uqala khona ukubona, umzekelo, ukunganeliseki. ukuze mhlawumbi ikhule phakathi kwabantu; olo tshaba lwangaphakathi olukhoyo kwi-revolution olubeka phambili izisombululo zohlaziyo ezithi, 'Ngokwenene, kufuneka sibekho kunye nenkunzi yabucala kwaye singaziboni kumlo osisigxina wokulwa nenkunzi,' kwaye, 'Mhlawumbi ukuba sixolelana neWashington. kwaye solule isandla sethu, baya kusamkela,' kanti iWashington iyibeke yacaca into yokuba ayifuni nje ukumsusa uChavez kodwa ijike yonke inkqubo... ye, kunjalo, ingxoxo, ingxoxo, ukugxeka njalo njalo, kodwa kunye nomanyano kunye namandla ukubeka phambili enye indlela yenguqu ...
KJ: Ndicinga ukuba umbuzo weoyile uxhaphake kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi baseVenezuela - kwezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho, ngokwenkcubeko. Olu hlobo lomzabalazo wokutshintsha iVenezuela kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwi-oyile kunzima kakhulu… kuthetha ukuba, ewe, uqoqosho lwaseVenezuela lusemngciphekweni kakhulu kwixabiso le-oyile lehlabathi. Ndive iingxoxo ngabathile bezendalo abaye bagxeka urhulumente waseChavez ngenxa yokuba uyagrumba kwaye athumele i-oyile kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa awukwazi ukuvele uxelele iVenezuela ukuba iyeke ukuvelisa ioyile. Sabona isiphumo saloo nto ngo-2002-2003 xa kwakukho ukuvalwa kwabaphathi kwishishini le-oyile: bavala ishishini leoli kwaye babangela umonakalo oxabisa i-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuqoqosho, intswela-ngqesho inyuke yaya kutsho kuma-20 ekhulwini, abantu balamba... luhlobo olunzima kakhulu lokuxhomekeka ukuba luqhawule, kodwa ndicinga ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuba iVenezuela iqhawule ukuxhomekeka kwioyile kukuphula ingqiqo yeCapitalism ebekwe ngaphandle, kwaye kuphela ngale nkqubo yokuthatha ulawulo phezu kwabo. izibonelelo zabo ukuba abantu baseVenezuela ngokwabo banokuthatha isigqibo malunga nendlela yokuphuhlisa ilizwe labo…
AM: Njengomntu osembindini njengoko uChavez ebenguye kwaye esaqhubeka engowe-revolution, ngokucacileyo akanakulawula ngonaphakade. Yintoni enokuthi i-post-Chavez Venezuela ibonakale kwaye ngaba ubona kwangaphambili eli sithuba sezopolitiko mhlawumbi sibeka umngcipheko wokwenene wokubeka emngciphekweni ezinye zeenzuzo ezenziwe phantsi kwexesha lakhe kumandla?
FF: Okokuqala, uLungiso loMgaqo-siseko olwavunywa ngo-2009 luvumela onke amagosa anyuliweyo ukuba aphinde azimelele kunyulo kangangoko athanda. Ngoko ke, ngokomgaqo-siseko, uChavez unokuqhubeka nokuma ade agqibe kwelokuba angakwenzi, okanye iqela ligqibe ekubeni lingamkhethi, okanye liphulukene nolonyulo. Ngoku, ukuba namhlanje uChavez wayeza kuhamba, masithi, ngombono wokubulala - ongenakukhutshelwa ngaphandle - ndicinga ukuba kukho amathuba okuba ilizwe lingene kwimfazwe yamakhaya ngenxa yokuba uChavez ngulo mfanekiso ogcina umanyano lwentlalo kungekhona nje. phakathi kwabantu kodwa naphakathi kwemikhosi exhobileyo… Andithandabuzi ukuba kungokuphuhliswa kwe-PSUV apho ezo zigidi zee-'Chavezes' kunye 'nooChaveze abancinci' ezikhoyo namhlanje kwilizwe lonke baya kuzihlanganisa ngokwezopolitiko ngesi sixhobo se. abantu kwaye baqinisekise ukuba inkqubo iya kuqhubeka...
AM: Okokugqibela, kufuneka ukuba umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe luthetha ntoni kumxholo weRevolution yaseVenezuela?
FF: Ndicinga ukuba into yokuqala kukuba kuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe kwi-internationalism yeVenezuelan Revolution ngokwayo-oko kuzimisela, okokuqala, ukuthetha phandle xa kufuneka kuthethwe izinto, njengoko watshoyo uChavez xa i-US ibhengeza imfazwe e-Afghanistan kwaye yenza. la mazwi akhaliphileyo athi, 'Aninakukwazi ukulwa nabanqolobi ngobunqolobi;' laa ngxelo ikhaliphileyo igxeka izenzo zikaSirayeli eGaza naseLebhanon, kunye nezinye iintetho ezininzi athe wazenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeforam zoluntu kunye neengqungquthela. Ke, ndicinga ukuba nathi kufuneka sizimisele ukuthetha ngalo mxholo ngokuchasene naluphi na uhlaselo oluphuma ngokuchasene neVenezuela. Naliphi na ixesha apho nawuphi na urhulumente okanye nayiphi na imidiya ephumayo kwaye ixoka ngeVenezuela kufuneka siphendule kwaye sithethe inyani ukulwa nayo…
Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe ngemiboniso ebambekayo yomanyano; urhulumente waseVenezuela ubeke ugxininiso oluninzi kwiinkqubo zentlalo kunye noncedo lwezemali, ngaphandle kwemitya eqhotyoshelweyo, kwamanye amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi - umzekelo oqhelekileyo yinto abayenzayo ngoku eHaiti ngomzamo wokuvuselela. Ewe, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka kwakhona sicinge malunga nendlela esinokunceda ngayo ukwakha into ebambekayo yomanyano kulo naliphi na ilizwe esikulo. Ngalo lonke ixesha i-US ithetha ngokwakha esinye isiseko somkhosi eLatin America, oko kuthetha olunye uqhanqalazo ekufuneka siluququzelele naphi na apho sikhoyo... ngokunjalo ekwakhiweni kombutho wasekuhlaleni, hayi nje ukukhusela iVenezuela, kodwa njengenxalenye yokwakha amandla oluntu ukuze kubekho utshintsho apha… Siyenza njani loo nto apha eKhanada okanye eOstreliya okanye naphina apho sikhoyo, ngumbuzo ekufuneka sizame ukuwenza. kunye.
KJ: Omnye umba kukuba abantu kufuneka bafunde eVenezuela kwaye bafunde inkqubo yeBolivarian Revolution kuba zininzi izifundo ezinokuthi amatshantliziyo kunye nabaguquguqukayo bafunde ngokwenyani kwinkqubo - hayi ukuthumela imodeli kunye nokunye kodwa ukukhuthaza imizabalazo kumazwe ethu. ngokuchasene noorhulumente bethu. Yiyo loo nto ndicinga ukuba ukukhuthaza ingxoxo kunye neengxoxo kangangoko kunokwenzeka malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni eVenezuela kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngokhenketho kunye nokuqhagamshelana nemibutho exhasayo, thumela i-imeyile [imeyile ikhuselwe] Le dilesi ye-imeyile ikhuselwe kwi-spambots. Ufuna iJavaScript ivulwe ukuze uyijonge
. Iprojekthi yeSocialist nayo ipapashe ividiyo yentlanganiso yokhenketho Apha.
UKiraz Janicke yintatheli ezimeleyo eseCaracas, eVenezuela, apho abhalela khona Venezuelanalysis.com. Ukwangumhleli we IPeru kunye neMovimiento blog, inxalenye Green Left Weekly Caracas bureau kunye nelungu leSocialist Alliance eOstreliya.
UFederico Fuentes ngumhleli we Ukunyuka kweBolivia blog kunye, kunye noKiraz Janicke, yinxalenye yeBureau yeCaracas yeVeki yeGreen Left, apho amanqaku akhe apapashwa rhoqo. Ukwalilungu leSocialist Alliance eOstreliya.
U-Ali Mustafa yintatheli ezimeleyo, umbhali, kunye nomlweli weendaba. Uhlala eToronto. Ubhalo lwakhe lunokufumaneka apha: http://frombeyondthemargins.blogspot.com
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela