Emva kweminyaka yokujongela phantsi ugwayimbo, imanyano exhasa ngemali ulungiselelo lokutya okukhawulezayo ngoku yamkela iqhinga. Abasebenzi beNkonzo babhale phantsi ugwayimbo olufutshane lwabasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo kwizixeko ezisixhenxe kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo-kubandakanywa nesona sikhulu, eDetroit, apho abasebenzi abangama-400 baphuma kwiindawo zokutyela ezininzi kwaye bavala ezintathu.
Ukutya okukhawulezayo yinto ekujoliswe kuyo kumanyano olungalindelekanga, ngenxa yenguquko ephezulu yabasebenzi kunye nobunini borhwebo. Kwaye indlela eya phambili ayiqinisekanga, batsho abaququzeleli. Ekuphela kwento ebonakala iqinisekile yeyokuba unyulo lwemibutho eqhelekileyo aluyi kusebenza.
Nangona kunjalo, olu qhankqalazo lubambe imbono yabasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo kwilizwe jikelele, abasebenza nzima kwelinye lamacandelo ambalwa ohlumo loqoqosho. Iiyure ezingalindelekanga, abaphathi abangoozwilakhe, nobusela obuxhaphakileyo bemivuzo buphelisa umvuzo wabo osele uphantsi.
โNanini na befuna ukugcina iindleko zomsebenzi ziphantsi,โ abaphathi benza ukuba abasebenzi baphelelwe lixesha kwaye baqhubeke nokucoca indawo yokutyela okanye isitokhwe, utshilo uKasseen Silver, osebenzela iBurger King eHarlem. "Kunzima, ukwazi ukuba zingaphi iiyure ozisebenzileyo kuloo veki kwaye umvuzo wakho awubonisi."
Ukuthotywa kudla ngokuza nomsebenzi. Umdlali kaJimmy John uRasheen Aldridge eSt. Louis uthe emva kokukhawuleza kwesidlo sasemini ngolunye usuku, umphathi wakhe wamnika umqondiso othi "Ndenze iisandwich ezintathu ezingalunganga namhlanje," emva koko wathabatha umfanekiso. Kwaye ngokuthi "alungalunganga," umphathi wakhe wayethetha ukuba wongeze iturkey kunye nenyama yenkomo eqhotsiweyo kwisandwich ngokulandelelana okungalunganga.
โKubo, siliqela lamanani oKhuseleko lweNtlalo,โ utshilo umsebenzi kaDomino uGregory Reynoso kumboniso wamva nje eManhattan. Ukhokele asebenza nabo abathandathu ngaphandle kugwayimbo ngosuku oludlulileyo. Ngo-Aprili 4, i-17 yabasebenzi asebenza nabo baphuma.
Ugwayimbo lokutya okukhawulezayo lubonakala ngathi luvela naphi na xa owokuqala watsiba eNew York ngoNovemba ophelileyo, kodwa bayinxalenye yomzamo olungelelanisiweyo we-SEIU, ebibonelela ngemali njengenxalenye yeprojekthi yayo yeminyaka emibini UQoqosho oluLungileyo.โ
I-FFE ekuqaleni yayidalelwe ukuba "itshintshe imo engqongileyo" ngothotho lwezenzo zobulungisa bezoqoqosho, ngakumbi kumazwe aphantsi kogrogriso lomthetho wokusebenza, kunye nokunceda uBarack Obama ukuba aphumelele ubumongameli ngo-2012.
Imanyano ngamaqela axhasa ngemali ubuncinane kwizixeko ezili-10 ukuze aqeshe abaququzeleli bokutya okukhawulezayo. Kwezinye izixeko amaqela ayenziwe yi-SEIU; kwezinye iimeko azizalani. Umbutho uthumela abasebenzi ukuba baqeqeshe abaququzeleli kwaye baququzelele iinzame kunye neefowuni zesizwe.
E-New York, umzekelo, iinzame ziye zakhokelwa yi-New York Communities for Change, eyavuka eluthuthwini lwe-ACORN ngo-2010. Eli qela laqesha abaququzeleli bokutya okukhawulezayo be-40 entwasahlobo edlulileyo.
Baqale banxibelelana nabasebenzi ngokubacela ukuba basayine uxwebhu lwezikhalazo kwelinye lamaphulo aqhubekayo eqela-ukufumana izindlu ezifikelelekayo okanye ngokuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo othiyileyo wamapolisa aseNew York "wokuyeka kunye nokuphazamiseka", ngokutsho kwabaququzeleli ababini.
Ngaloo ndlela banikwe amagama neenombolo zefowuni, abaququzeleli bafowuna baza badibana nabasebenzi ehlotyeni nasekwindla.
โBekukho ingeniso eninzi, besiza kuqhagamshelwana nabo emva koko bangaphindi basebenze apho,โ wakhumbula uDylan Tucker, osebenze kwisigaba sokuqala sephulo laseNew York.
Lilonke, nangona kunjalo, ingeniso yokutya okukhawulezayo yehle kakhulu ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho-enye upapasho lweshishini lathi lifike ezantsi-kwaye imigca yoqhanqalazo lwamva nje ibandakanya abaninzi abasebenza kwindawo enye ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini.
UKWANDA NGOKUKHAWULEZA
Iphulo lokutya okukhawulezayo ekuqaleni laligxile eNew York naseChicago, kodwa uphando lwabo basebenzi lubonise ukuba uninzi luthanda umanyano. Kulapho iSEIU yandisa iinzame kwizixeko ezininzi, utshilo uTucker.
Nangona abaququzeleli balandele imodeli esemgangathweni, bebala abasebenzi abaxhasayo kwivenkile nganye njengokungathi ivoti yomanyano, amaphulo angenakwenzeka ukuba alandele indlela eqhelekileyo yonyulo lweBhodi yabaSebenzi.
โIindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza izinto aziyi kusebenza kweli shishini,โ utshilo uMartรญn Rafanan, umphathiswa osebenza neJobs with Justice eSt.
Bajonga izinto njengoko behamba, utshilo uRafanan, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo yinkxaso evela kwiinkokeli zabahlali njengabefundisi kunye namalungu ebhunga lesixeko. Wonke umsebenzi owabetha e-St. Louis wabuyela emva kunye negqiza lezi nkokeli, wathi (jonga ibhokisi).
Amaqhinga afanayo kwilizwe jikelele agcine impindezelo yasemva kogwayimbo incinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abaxhasi boluntu bahambisa iileta kwangaphambili bexelela abaphathi ukuba abasebenzi baya kugwayimba nokuba kutheni, watsho.
Abasebenzi baseSt. Louis, abanye babo ababesele bebandakanyeka kwimiSebenzi kunye namaphulo oBulungisa ukuze balawule ukuboleka imali kunye nokunyusa umvuzo omncinci, bahamba njengeqela ukuya eChicago kuqhankqalazo apho kwaye baphefumlelwa, utshilo uRafanan. Ulindele intlanganiso kazwelonke yabasebenzi kweli hlobo.
PHI IMPAHLA?
IKomiti yoQuquzelelo yaBasebenzi yaseChicago iqhayisa ngokuba ibandakanya abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 abaqeshi abahlukeneyo ekutyeni okukhawulezayo nakwintengiso. Malunga nama-300 abetha nge-24 ka-Epreli, uninzi lwamashishini edolophu.
Ngolu hlobo lwabaqeshi, iinzame zibonakala zijolise ekuququzeleleni abasebenzi abarhola imivuzo ephantsi bangabi yimanyano yabasebenzi kodwa babe namandla anokukhupha utshintsho kurhulumente wasekhaya.
"Amandla ahambelanayo aba basebenzi abanawo ngaphezulu komqeshi ngamnye aya kuba mncinci," utshilo uBill Fletcher, Jr., usihlalo weNational Retail Justice Alliance entsha, itanki yokucinga kunye neqela lenkxaso elifumana inkxaso kuBasebenzi boKutya kunye noRhwebo. "Kodwa amandla abanawo abasebenzi kwinqanaba lesixeko sonke, malunga nokuphembelela oorhulumente besixeko, anokuphazamisa kakhulu."
Ukunyuswa kumvuzo omncinci wesixeko, okanye ummiselo wesixeko ofuna ikhefu lokugula elihlawulelwayo, yayiza kulungelelanisa ibala lokudlala labaqeshi: babengenakuphikisa ngelithi ukuhlawulwa kwabasebenzi ngakumbi kuya kubabeka esichengeni xa kuthelekiswa nokhuphiswano lwabo.
Abasebenzi banokuqonda kwaye babuyele ngasemva "kwesicwangciso esinengqiqo, esinyanzelisayo esiya kwimigangatho yesixeko sonke," watsho uFletcher, owayengumlawuli wezemfundo we-AFL-CIO.
Ngaphandle kokunyuswa komvuzo omncinci, iinzame ezinjalo zinokubandakanya imfuneko yokuba abasebenzi bexeshana bafumane iishedyuli rhoqo okanye, uFletcher wacebisa, "isizathu nje" umgangatho wokudubula. Isizathu esibambekayo siya kunceda bonke abasebenzi ukuba bazimeleleโkungekhona nje abo bazama ukumanyana.
Uloyiso oluncinci luyaqokelelana. ENew York, iphulo ugunyazise uphando kubasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo abangama-500, bafumanisa ukuba abangama-84 ekhulwini baye baba namava ohlobo oluthile lokubiwa kwemivuzo. Igqwetha likarhulumente liqalise uphando.
Kwaye emva kweveki emva kokuhlaselwa kweSt.
UQOQOSHO LOMVUZO OMPHANTSI
Ekuququzeleleni iWalmart kunye neendawo ezithengisa ukutya okukhawulezayo, iimanyano zilandela imisebenzi. Ngelixa kuphela i-21 pesenti yemisebenzi ephulukeneyo ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho bekwimisebenzi ehlawulwa kancinci, umyinge wama-58 epesenti yemisebenzi edaliweyo kutsha nje ibikhona, ngokwengxelo yeProjekthi yoMthetho weNgqesho yeSizwe kunyaka ophelileyo.
Kwaye ekubeni ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho ngokusemthethweni "kuphelile," ingeniso ye-1% ephezulu ikhule ngeepesenti ze-11.2, ngelixa i-99% yengeniso yehla nge-0.4 ekhulwini, ngokutsho kwengcali yezoqoqosho yaseBerkeley uEmmanuel Saez.
Kuzwelonke, Iipesenti ezingama-40 zabasebenzi base-US ngoku benza ngaphantsi kowona mvuzo uphantsi wowe-1968: $ 10.64 ngeedola zanamhlanje.
Njengabasebenzi baseWalmart abaqhankqalazayo, abaququzeleli bokutya okukhawulezayo babeka imfuno yabo yentlawulo ephezulu njengendlela yokukhulisa uqoqosho luphela, bebeka imali eninzi ezandleni zabasebenzi ukuba bayichithe kwiimpahla nakwiinkonzo.
I-SEIU igcina amakhadi ayo ekufutshane, kodwa enye into ethile yesicwangciso sayo kukuphazamiseka ukunyusa owona mvuzo uphantsi, onokunceda umlindi wombutho kunye namalungu okhuseleko, nawo.
โUkuba injongo ngokwenene kukunyusa owona mvuzo uphantsi [ngokwasemthethweni], kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzi bayazi ukuba yiloo nto bayilwelayo,โ utshilo uFletcher.
Ephahlwe ngabasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo kweli phulo, Ummeli waseCalifornia uGeorge Miller kunye noSenator wase-Iowa uTom Harkin bazise amatyala nge-5 kaMatshi ukunyusa kancinci ubuncinci bomdibaniso ukusuka kwi-7.25 yeedola ukuya kwi-10.10 yeedola. Indlu yasebenza ngesantya esingenakulinganiswa, ibulala ingcamango emva kweentsuku ze-10, i-233-184, xa ifakwe kwelinye ibhilikhi.
Imeko incinci kancinci kumazwe. Ekuvukeni kweWalmart kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo kokuwa kokugqibela, indlu yowiso-mthetho yaseNew York yavuma ukunyusa kancinci ubuncinci belizwe, ukusuka kwi-7.25 yeedola ukuya kwi-9 yeedola ngo-2016, kodwa ayiyi kufakwa kwi-inflation.
Inyathelo labemi lokunyusa ubuncinci be-Missouri nge-1 yeedola livaliwe kuvoto kulo nyaka uphelileyo ngomdla weshishini, kwaye isindululo e-Illinois satshatyalaliswa ukuba singabandakanyi abasebenzi abanikwe iingcebiso.
Abahlaseli bokutya okukhawulezayo bafuna i-15 yeedola ngeyure, inani elinesibindi ngoku elimalunga nomvuzo wonyaka ophakathi e-US "ishumi elinesihlanu kunye nomanyano," abahlaseli bacula ngaphandle kwe-Wendy's eBrooklyn nge-4 ka-Epreli.
EDetroit, xa abaphathi kwimpuma yeMcDonald's bebiza abanye abasebenzi ukuba bagcwalise iishifti zabahlaseli, babetha, nabo, bayigcina ivaliwe ivenkile.
Ngelixa bekhuthazwa ngamandla abaqhankqalazi kunye nobunkokeli, ababukeli bephulo bavakalisa isilumkiso. Abanye bathi banethemba lokuba imanyano iya kwenza izixhobo ezizinzileyo, kwaye ingabashiyi abasebenzi enyangeni ukuba iinjongo zomthetho azifezekiswanga kwangoko.
Kwaye banexhala lokuba abaququzeleli ababoneleli ngekhaya elizinzileyo elilungelelanisiweyo ngaphaya kwendawo yokusebenza-ibaluleke ngakumbi kwishishini lokutyela elinengeniso ephezulu. Amaziko okutyela amaThuba aManyeneyo enze amaziko anjalo abasebenzi kwizixeko ezininzi.
"Ukuba nabani na uthi uneempendulo, mhlawumbi uyaphazama," watsho uRafanan wamanzi angachazwanga ngaphambili. "Kodwa abazali bethu kunye nootatomkhulu bethu bayifumene, kwaye nathi siza kuyenza."
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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