Njengesiqhelo, imithombo yeendaba yase-US ingxamele ukuwisa isigwebo malunga nokuwa kwenqwelomoya yaseMalaysia kwimpuma yeUkraine edlakazwe yimfazwe, kodwa imbali yobuqhetseba bukarhulumente wase-US inokuba sisizathu sokunqumamisa kwaye uvumele uphando olunononophelo lutyhile iinyani, utshilo owayesakuba yiCIA. umhlalutyi uRay McGovern.
Kuya kuthatha ixesha ukumisela ukuba ngubani owehlise i-Malaysia Airlines Boeing-777 empuma yeUkraine ngoLwesine, ebulala bonke abantu abangama-298 ababekhwele. Uqikelelo lokuqala lwelokuba umntu onebhetri ejulwayo waphazama inqwelomoya njengenqwelomoya yomkhosi, kodwa eyona njongo ichanekileyo kunokuba nzima ukuyiqonda.
Ngenxa yenkungu yemfazwe kunye nolangazelelo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo ukuba balwe "imfazwe yolwazi," kukho ithuba lokuba ubungqina - ngakumbi ubungqina be-elektroniki - bunokuthi buphazanyiswe ukufezekisa uloyiso oluthile lwepropaganda.
Umongameli wase-Ukraine uPetro Poroshenko kwangoko wayibiza le ntlekele โnjengesenzo sobugrogrisiโ nangona kwakungekho bungqina bokuba kukho nabani na odubule ngabom inqwelo-moya. Kodwa uPoroshenko kunye nabanye kurhulumente waseKiev baye batyumba ngaphambili abantu baseRashiya bobuhlanga, abachasayo ngoFebruwari 22 ukuchithwa koMongameli onyuliweyo uViktor Yanukovych, "njengabanqolobi" ngoko ulwimi lukaPoroshenko bellicose aluzange lube yinto emangalisayo.
Ngokwecala labo, abavukeli abahlukeneyo empuma yeUkraine bakhanyele uxanduva lwale ngozi - besithi abanayo imijukujelwa yokulwa nenqwelomoya enokufikelela kumgama ongama-33,000 eenyawo zenqwelomoya yaseMalaysia - kodwa kukho izizathu zokukrokrela abavukeli, kubandakanya nemizamo yabo yangaphambili. ukudubula iinqwelomoya zomkhosi zaseUkraine ezisebenza kwindawo yemfazwe.
NgoLwesine, uMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin ujike imibuzo malunga nokuba ngubani onokuthi adubule lo mjukujelwa njengoko ebefuna uphando lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa wathetha inqaku xa wathi "intlekele ngengazange yenzeke ukuba izenzo zomkhosi bezingazange zihlaziywe kumzantsi-mpuma weUkraine."
Abo banokuvumelana nale ngxelo babandakanya iChancellor yaseJamani u-Angela Merkel kunye noMongameli waseFransi uFrancois Hollande owathi, ngexesha lenkomfa ende yeendlela ezine kunye noPoroshenko nge-30 kaJuni, bazama ngamandla ukumenza ukuba andise ixesha lokuphelisa imfazwe. Kuphela yi-US evakalise inkxaso kwisigqibo sikaPoroshenko sokugatya eli nyathelo kunye nokuyalela imikhosi yaseUkraine ukuba ihlasele empuma.
Kwakukwimeko yemikhosi yase-Ukraine esebenzisa amandla abo omoya ukubetha izikhundla zabavukeli nto leyo eyakhokelela kwimizamo yabavukeli yokuphelisa olo ncedo ngokusasaza imijukujelwa echasene nenqwelomoya ephumelele impumelelo ethile ekwehliseni iinqwelomoya zomkhosi zase-Ukraine. Umkhosi waseUkraine waziwa ngokuba neebhetri ezichasene neenqwelomoya ezisasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe.
Inyama ekrwada yeRussian Bashing
Kodwa ithuba lokuqhubela phambili idemoni uPutin kunye neRussia kuya kuba nzima kwiWashington esemthethweni kunye noshicilelo lwenkampani ukuba luxhathise. INew York Times yakhawuleza yaphuma kwiibhloko zokuqala ngolwesiHlanu ngomhleli okhokelayo etyhola ingxabano yaseUkraine yonke, kubandakanya nentlekele yaseMalaysian Airline, kuPutin:
"Kukho indoda enye enokuyinqanda - uMongameli uVladimir Putin waseRussia, ngokuxelela abazahluleli abaxhaswa yiRussia kwimpuma yeUkraine ukuba baphelise uvukelo lwabo kwaye bayeke ukuhamba kwemali kunye nezixhobo ezinzima kuloo maqela."
Phakathi kwezityholo zikaPutin, ngokwe-Times, ibe "kukusilela kwakhe ukuxhasa ukupheliswa komlilo kunye nokuphepha uthethathethwano olunzima, oluxoxisana namazwe ngamazwe" - nangona u-Putin ebengomnye wabameli abaziintloko bokuyeka umlilo kunye nesisombululo sothethathethwano. Ibe nguPoroshenko oxhaswa yi-US orhoxise ukupheliswa komlilo kwangaphambili kwaye wala ukuthethathethana nabavukeli baseRussia bade banikezela.
Kodwa ukusweleka kwabo bonke abantu abangama-298 kwinqwelomoya yaseMalaysian Airline, besuka eAmsterdam besiya eKuala Lumpur, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubonelela ngamafutha omninzi kumatshini wobuxoki osele ugqumayo ochasene neRussia. Okwangoku, umshicileli wase-US unokunqumama ukukhumbula indlela ebeye waphathwa ngayo ngurhulumente wase-US kwixesha elidlulileyo, kubandakanywa amashumi amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo ngabalawuli beReagan bejija iinyani zentlekele ye-KAL-007.
Kuloo meko, inqwelo-moya yokulwa yaseSoviet yadubula inqwelo-moya yaseKorea yaseKorea ngoSeptemba 1, 1983, emva kokuba iphambukile kumgama ongamakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindlela yayo yaza yagqobhoza kwezona ndawo zomoya zeSoviet Union zinovakalelo ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zomkhosi eKamchatka nakwiSiqithi saseSakhalin.
Ngaphezulu kweSakhalin, iKAL-007 ekugqibeleni yabanjwa yiSoviet Sukhoi-15 fighter. Umqhubi weSoviet wazama ukubonisa inqwelomoya ukuba ifike, kodwa abaqhubi be-KAL abazange baphendule kwizilumkiso eziphindaphindiweyo. Phakathi kokubhideka malunga nesazisi senqwelomoya - inqwelomoya yentlola yase-US ibikwindawo ekufutshane kwiiyure ngaphambili - ulawulo lomhlaba waseSoviet lwayalela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba adubule. Wenjenjalo, wadubula inqwelo-moya esibhakabhakeni waza wabulala bonke abantu abangama-269 ababekhwele apho.
IiSoviet Union zakhawuleza zaqonda ukuba zenze impazamo eyoyikekayo. Ubukrelekrele base-US babusazi ukuba le ntlekele yabakho ngenxa yempazamo, hayi kwisenzo sokubulala ngabom (kakhulu nge-3 kaJulayi, 1988, i-USS Vincennes yadubula umjukujelwa owehlise inqwelomoya yase-Iranian kwi-Persian Gulf, ukubulala abantu be-290, isenzo apho uMongameli uRonald Reagan wachaza "njengengozi eqondakalayo").
Kodwa ukwamkelwa kweSoviet kwimpazamo ebuhlungu malunga ne-KAL-007 yayingalunganga ngokwaneleyo kulawulo lweReagan, olwabona isiganeko njengomoya wepropaganda. Ngeli xesha, ukuziva kunyanzelekile eWashington yayikukuba mnyama iSoviet Union ngesizathu sobuxoki beMfazwe ebandayo kunye nokwandisa ukungavisisani neMoscow.
Ukuxoka kwetyala
Ukwenza elona tyala limnyama kakhulu ngokuchasene neMoscow, ulawulo lweReagan lucinezele ubungqina obubambekayo obuvela kwi-elektroniki yase-US. Imantra yase-US yaba โkukuwiswa ngabom kwenqwelomoya yabahambi.โ INewsweek yayineqweqwe elinomxholo othi โUkubulala Esibhakabhakeni.โ
Kwincwadi yakhe yowe-1995, uAlvin A. Snyder, owayengumalathisi wecandelo likamabonwakude nefilimu kwi-Arhente yoLwazi yaseUnited States ngelo xesha wathi: โUmatshini wolawulo weReagan waqalisa ukonakala. Amagorha eDisinformation.
Umalathisi wase-USIA uCharles Z. Wick โwayalela abancedisi bakhe abaphezulu ukuba baseke iqela elikhethekileyo lokudlala eli bali phesheya kolwandle. Injongo, ngokulula, yayikukufumba impatho embi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiSoviet Union,โ utshilo uSnyder.
USnyder waphawula ukuba โamajelo eendaba aseMelika amginye urhulumente wase-US ngaphandle kokuzibekela bucala. UTed Koppel obekekileyo kwi-ABC News News 'Nightline' wathi: 'Eli ibe lelinye lamaxesha apho kungekho mahluko omncinane phakathi koko kubhencwa ngurhulumente waseUnited States kunye namaziko osasazo ezorhwebo.'
NgoSeptemba 6, 1983, ulawulo lweReagan lwada lwanikezela ngengxelo eqinisekisiweyo yezothintelo kwiBhunga leZizwe eziManyeneyo (intshayelelo yenkcazo yobuxoki efanayo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva nguNobhala weLizwe uColin Powell malunga nezixhobo ezityholwa ngokuba yi-Iraq. ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantu abaninzi).
"Iteyipu bekufanele iqhube imizuzu engama-50," utshilo uSnyder malunga nokubanjwa kweSoviet okurekhodiweyo. โKodwa icandelo lekhasethi thina [e-USIA] saliqhuba kuphela imizuzu esibhozo nemizuzwana engama-32. โฆ 'Ngaba ndiyasibona isandla esilungileyo [sikanobhala kaRichard Nixon] uRosemary Woods apha?' ndabuza ngokuphoxayo.โโ
Kodwa uSnyder wayenomsebenzi ekufuneka ewenzile: ukuvelisa ividiyo eyayifunwa ngabaphathi bakhe. USnyder wabhala: โImbono ebesifuna ukuyiveza yayikukuba iSoviet Union yenze isenzo esikhohlakeleyo.
Kuphela ishumi leminyaka kamva, xa uSnyder wabona imibhalo epheleleyo-kubandakanywa nezahlulo ezazifihlwe ngabalawuli beReagan - ngaba wayeya kuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba zingaphi na izinto eziphambili zenkcazo-ntetho yase-US.
Umqhubi wenqwelomoya wokulwa waseSoviet wayekholelwa ukuba wayelandela inqwelomoya yentlola yase-US, ngokweendlela zokungenelela, kwaye wayenengxaki ebumnyameni yokuchonga inqwelomoya. Ngokwemiyalelo yabalawuli bomhlaba baseSoviet, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wayejikeleze inqwelomoya ye-KAL waze wathomalalisa amaphiko akhe ukunyanzela inqwelomoya ukuba yehle. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya uthe naye wadubula izilumkiso. โLa magqabaza nawo ebengekho kwiteyiphu esiyinikiweyo,โ ubhale watsho uSnyder.
Kwakucacile kuSnyder ukuba ekuphumezeni iinjongo zabo zeMfazwe Yomlomo, abalawuli baseReagan batyabeka izityholo zobuxoki kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, nakubantu baseUnited States nasehlabathini lonke. Kula maRiphabhlikhi, iziphelo zokudyobha iiSoviets zazithethelela iindlela zokugqwetha ingxelo yembali.
Kwincwadi yakhe, uSnyder wayivuma indima yakhe kwinkohliso waza wafumana isifundo esihlekisayo kwesi siganeko. Igosa eliphezulu lase-USIA labhala, โUkuziphatha kweli bali kukuba bonke oorhulumente, kuquka nowethu, bayaxoka xa kufanelekile. Okubalulekileyo kukuxoka kuqala.โ [Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngobuqhetseba be-KAL-007 kunye nembali yobuqhophololo base-US, bona i-Consortiumnews.com's โI-Dodgy Dossier kwiMfazwe yaseSyria. โ]
Ukuthembeka kwe-US Intelligence
Kwakungasoloko kunje. Kwakukho ixesha apho urhulumente wase-US engazange abeke emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kwakhe kwi-propaganda stunt enexabiso eliphantsi, esazi ukuba kukho amaxesha apho kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ukholelwe okuthethwa ngamagosa ase-US.
Abanye bethu baya kukhumbula xa, ngo-1962, uMmeli we-US kwi-UN u-Adlai Stevenson wabonisa iBhunga lezoKhuseleko U-2 iifoto zeziseko zemijukujelwa yeSoviet eselula eCuba. Yaba yeyona nto ilungileyo kwiSoviets kunye namahlakani abo ezama ukuhlwayela amathandabuzo ngenyaniso emva kwezityholo zikaMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy.
Ngelishwa, ukuthembeka kwamagosa ase-US kunye nobukrelekrele baseMelika ngoku kusezantsi. Inye imfuno yokucinga emva kobungqina obenziwe "ubungqina" bobukho be-WMD e-Iraq. "Ubukrelekrele kunye neenyani bezilungiswa malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo" yile nto intloko yezobuntlola yaseBritane yaxelela iNkulumbuso uTony Blair ngoJulayi 23, 2002, emva kokubonisana noMlawuli weCIA uGeorge Tenet kwikomkhulu leCIA ngoJulayi 20.
Kwakhona ndiye ndikrokra ngakumbi nangakumbi ngengxelo esemthethweni karhulumente wase-US malunga nokuntlitheka kwe-TWA-800 ngoJulayi 17, 1996. Kungekudala emva kokunduluka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseKennedy eNew York, inqwelomoya yaqhushumba eLong Island yaza yabulala abantu abangama-230. Bangaphezu kwe-100 abantu abazibonela ngawakhe amehlo abathe babona into abayichaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo โnjengomjukujelwa,โ โumjukujelwaโ okanye โirokethiโ inyukela esibhakabhakeni yaza yadibana neTWA Flight 800.
Ukurhanelwa kwangoko yayikukuba le ntlekele yayisisenzo sobugrogrisi, nangona ezinye iingqikelelo zijolise kubukho beenqanawa zokulwa ezithwele imijukujelwa yaseMelika kwindawo leyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuphakamisa ubuninzi beenqwelo-moya ukusuka ezantsi elwandle, iBhodi yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lwezoThutho kunye neSebe lezoBulungisa / i-FBI yalahla i-akhawunti yokubona i-missile kwaye yagqiba ekubeni ukuqhuma kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kombane.
Ukunceda ekuthengiseni le nguqulo, i-CIA "iingcali zobugcisa" ezisebenza phantsi koMlawuli weCIA uGeorge Tenet - ewe, lo mfo owachaza ubungqina be-WMD yase-Iraq njenge "slam dunk" - babhaliswa ukuba balungiselele ividiyo eyenzelwe ngobuchule ukugxeka umjukujelwa. amabango. Kodwa iQela loPhando lweProjekthi ye-TWA800 - iqela elizimiseleyo leenjineli, izazinzulu, abantu abazibonela ngawabo amehlo kunye neentatheli - baqhubekile nokucela umngeni kwiziphumo ezisemthethweni, kubandakanya nevidiyo yeCIA. [Ukubona ukuchasa kweqela, Cofa apha.]
Ngaphandle kwamathuba okuba iCIA igqithise igunya layo ngokubandakanyeka kwayo kulo mba wasekhaya, ibuhlungu kum njengomntu owayesakuba umhlalutyi weCIA ukuba oogxa bam bangaphambili bathathe inxaxheba kolu hlobo lobuqhetseba, bevelisa ividiyo eyayingenamsebenzi kwaphela kwaye inobuqhophololo. embi kakhulu.
Ke, ngokudabukisayo, kukho isizathu esongezelelweyo sokukhaba amatayara ayo nayiphi na ilori ephethe "ubukrelekrele" enikezelwa yi-US ngokubhekiselele kukudubula kwe-Malaysian Airline ngoLwesine.
URay McGovern usebenza kunye neTell the Word, ubulungiseleli bopapasho lweCawa yoMsindisi ephakathi kwesixeko saseWashington. Usebenze njengomhlalutyi weCIA iminyaka eyi-27 kwaye ngoku ukwiQela eliLawulayo leVeteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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