Ngobusuku bangaphambi komsitho eNairobi, uGiuliano Battiston wadlana indlebe nomongameli weWorld Alternatives Forum, usoqoqosho uSamir Amin, we-Il Manifiesto. Phakathi kwemiba egqunyiweyo, ukungahambelani kweprojekthi yaseYurophu. Abameli bemibutho emikhulu yezentlalo abangamaxhoba emigaqo-nkqubo ye-capitalist bathathe inxaxheba kwiindibano zokuqala apho iForam yeNtlalo yavela khona, eyaphela ngokuzibiza ngokuthi "i-anti-Davos", encinci kodwa inqumle isimboli.
Ubungxowankulu obunobuso bomntu? Inkohliso ecocekileyo. Phakathi kwezinye iindlela zehlabathi? Bukrelekrele. IYurophu. Isekhona. Kude nentelekelelo yokuba "ichanekile ngokwezopolitiko", umkhuthazi ongadinwayo wezopolitiko ezizezinye kunye noqoqosho kwezo zemfundiso ye-neoliberal ebalaseleyo, ingcali yezoqoqosho yase-Egypt uSamir Amin wenze intetho ethe tye, ecazulula ngokungqongqo kunye nothando lokulwa izixhobo zakhe ezinzulu. idabi lokubeka abantu kunye neemfuno zabo phambi kwenzuzo. USamir Amin ngumbhali ochubekileyo, umthetheleli oqinisekileyo ngesidingo sokujoyina amabango obulungisa kwezentlalo kunye nokugxekwa kokungalingani okukhoyo kongxowankulu behlabathi ukuya kumzabalazo wezopolitiko okwaziyo ukumanyanisa amandla amaninzi eentshukumo zehlabathi. Imibhalo yakhe ifundwa kwaye ixutyushwa nabani na ofuna ukuguqula i-heterogeneity "yeentshukumo" zibe ngumdlali wezopolitiko odibeneyo, kwaye afundeki ngaphantsi kwabo boyika imiphumo yabo yezopolitiko.
I-GB Ngokohlobo oluthile lwenkolelo ye-Liberal kunye ne-Conservative, imarike ayiyi kuba sisixhobo kuphela solawulo lwentlalo kodwa kwakhona ukuba ukukhuthazwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamalungelo kuya kuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zokudityaniswa kwezoqoqosho. Umntu angaluchaza njani unxulumano phakathi komanyano lwehlabathi ngendlela ekulo ngoku kunye namalungelo asisiseko?
UMzantsi Afrika Ingxoxo yengcamango eyongameleyo - ethelekisa ngokupheleleyo idemokhrasi kunye nemarike ekhululekileyo kwisiseko sokuba ithi akukho demokrasi ngaphandle kwemarike ekhululekileyo kwaye imarike ekhululekileyo ngokwayo idala iimeko eziqinisekisa idemokhrasi - yintetho yosasazo esulungekileyo, yoluntu. loo nto ayinanto yakwenza nobunyani bembali okanye nohlalutyo lwayo lwezenzululwazi. Kwelinye icala, kukho ukuchasana okusisiseko kolu lwimi lubalaseleyo oluthi, ukuthoba idemokhrasi iye kwinqanaba layo lezopolitiko, kwaye loo mlinganiso kuphela kwidemokhrasi emeleyo, iyayahlula kwimibuzo yentlalo ekufanele ukuba ikwazi ukulawulwa ngokusetyenzwa kwedemokhrasi. imarike yasimahla, okanye ukuyibeka ngcono, kwimarike yentelekelelo. Ithiyori yentelekelelo yobungxowankulu bezoqoqosho besiqhelo, abo imarike ekhululekileyo iya kuthambekela ekulinganeni, icinga ukuba uluntu lwenziwe nje sisimbuku sabantu abaqulunqileyo, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo iintlobo zemibutho yentlalo, eyentsapho. , iklasi yentlalontle, ubuzwe : ukulibala, oko kukuthi, yintoni kuMarx yayiyinyani yendalo - ithathwe kamva ngakumbi nguKarl Polanyi - kwaye yintoni na imilinganiselo yezoqoqosho ifakwe kwinyani yentlalo.
I-GB Ukuba kukho ukuchasana okusisiseko phakathi kwemarike yehlabathi kunye namalungelo asisiseko, zeziphi izixhobo ezinokuvula indlela evumela ukuchasana ukuba koyiswe?
SA andinazo iiresiphi. Kodwa ndicebisa ukuxoxa ngokwembono yokusungula amaqhinga omzabalazo ngokufanayo malunga neengongoma ezithile ezisisiseko, eyokuqala egxininisa kwingcamango yokuba akunakubakho idemokhrasi yokwenyani ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili yentlalo. Yinjongo ehamba ngokuthe ngqo kwicala elichaseneyo nentetho elawulayo, ethi, njengoko sele kubonisiwe, iwaxabanise omabini la magama kwaye idlulele ngaphaya kwengcinga yeenkululeko zoluntu ezineenjongo ezintle kunye nabedemokhrasi kwezentlalo abacinga ukuba iziphumo ezibi zongxowankulu zinokubakho. ithotywe ngolawulo olungaphelelanga loluntu. Mhlawumbi umntu kufuneka aliyeke igama elithi "idemokhrasi" kwaye athethe "idemokhrasi" eqondwa njengenkqubo engapheliyo kwaye akhumbule ukuba imfuno yokudibanisa inkqubela phambili yentlalo kunye nentando yesininzi yinjongo ekufuneka iphunyezwe kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Idemokhrasi ikwakwintlekele kumazwe abizwa ngokuba yidemokhrasi ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuba, yahlulwe kumbuzo wentlalo, iphelela ekuncitshisweni kwedemokhrasi emele kwaye isisombululo seengxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho sigqithiselwa kwimarike. Yindlela eyingozi kakhulu, e-Italiya njengakwezinye iindawo uye wavota ngokukhululekileyo (okanye phantse, ekubeni ukuvota kulungiselelwe kakhulu ngamajelo onxibelelwano) kwaye nangona kunjalo abaninzi bayazibuza: kutheni ukuvota, ukuba ipalamente iqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izigqibo kufuneka ziyekwe kwimarike. kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi? Ngaloo ndlela idemokhrasi izenzela igunya kwaye ibeka umngcipheko wokujika ibe ziintlobo zeneo-fascism ethambileyo.
I-GB Ngokohlalutyo lwakho, i-capitalism kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi bekusoloko kukho, kodwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi 2 singene kwisigaba esitsha apho isicwangciso sase-US kukwandisa imfundiso kaMonroe kwiplanethi yonke. Ucinga ukuba zeziphi izigaba ezitsha zolu manyano lwehlabathi kwaye zeziphi iinjongo ezibekwe phambili kwisicwangciso sase-US?
SA Kwingcambu yesi sigaba esitsha kukho ukuguqulwa kobume be-imperialism (ndithetha nge-imperialism kwaye kungekhona "ubukhosi" njengoToni Negri) : ukuba kude kube sekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi 2 impiriyali yahlanganiswa ngobuninzi kunye namandla ama-impiriyali. babekungquzulwano olusisigxina phakathi kwabo, ukusukela ngoko siye sabona inguqu yesakhiwo eye yazala i-impiriyalizim edibeneyo endiyibiza ngokuba “ngubathathu emnye”, ndiyenza lula kancinci, i-US, iYurophu kunye neJapan, oku kuthetha ukuba yingqokelela yezizwe ngezizwe. icandelo elilawulayo lenkunzi elabelana ngemidla efanayo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yehlabathi. Le nkqubo, emele uhlobo olutsha lwama impiriyali ngokuchasene nama-85% abemi behlabathi, “ifuna” imfazwe. Le yeyona ndawo kanye apho iprojekthi yokusekwa koMntla Merika ifika ekuhleni kwaye ebonisa ukucinga uninzi lodidi olulawulayo lwase-United States oluthambekele kulawulo lomkhosi weplanethi. I-US ikhethe ukukhulula uhlaselo lokuqala kuMbindi Mpuma ngothotho lweenjongo, ezimbini ngokukodwa: ioyile kwaye, ngokulawulwa komkhosi kweyona ndawo iphambili yeoli yeplanethi, ukusebenzisa ubunkokheli obungaphikiswanga ukuze buzenzele. isisongelo esisisigxina kubo bonke abanokuba ngabakhuphisani bezoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Kodwa nangenxa yokuba bagcina ummandla endiwubiza ngokuba ngumthwali wenqwelo-moya osisigxina, iLizwe lakwa-Israyeli, apho baqinisekisa isixhobo sokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ngokuhlala kwePalestine kwaye, njengoko sele kubonisiwe, kunye nohlaselo lwe. Libhanon.
I-GB Uxoxile ukuba umkhosi ondlongondlongo wase-US ayisiyiyo isithethantonye samandla, kunokuba, yindlela yokulinganisa ubuthathaka bayo kwezoqoqosho. Ungacacisa ngakumbi ukuba uthetha ukuthini?
UMzantsi Afrika ngokwethiyori eyongameleyo, ngelishwa inxalenye enkulu yoluvo loluntu lwaseYurophu ikwalixhoba, ukongama komkhosi wase-United States yincam ye-iceberg yobungangamsha obusekwe kwimpumelelo yezoqoqosho nakwinkcubeko yenkcubeko. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba i-US izifumana ikwimeko ebuthathaka kakhulu ecacileyo kwintsilelo enkulu yorhwebo lwangaphandle kwaye ukusuka kuloo buthathaka ifumana ukhetho lobuchule lweqela elilawulayo lase-US ukuphelisa ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela basemkhosini. Amaxwebhu ePentagon akhona abonisa ukuba i-US iqwalasele ukubakho kwemfazwe yenyukliya enokubiza amaxhoba ezigidi ezingama-600: njengoko uDaniel Ellsberg ebhale, malunga ne-100 Holocauss.
I-GB ijongene neenkokeli zase-US, iYurophu ibonakala ingakwazi ukuchaza enye iprojekthi yezopolitiko. Ifanele ihambe njani?
I-SA Okwangoku, kwaye nangona abantu abaninzi baseYurophu abayiqikelelayo, andikholelwa ukuba iYurophu ikuyo nayiphi na imilo ukuba iphele ibe yenye indawo kwi-US hegemony. Kuya kufuneka ishiye i-NATO, yaphule umanyano lwayo lwasemkhosini kunye ne-US kwaye izikhulule kwinkululeko. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku, imikhosi yaseYurophu yezentlalo nezopolitiko ibonakala inomdla kuyo nayiphi na into ngaphandle kweprojekthi yolu hlobo, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba - njengoko i-Italian Socialist Party yakudala yayiqhele ukwenza ngomhla wayo - endaweni yoko yomeleza i-Atlanticism kunye nokulungelelaniswa ne-NATO kunye i-liberal socialism. Ayikho enye iYurophu ebonakalayo. Kwaye ngaloo ndlela, iYurophu ayikho : iprojekthi yaseYurophu nje ubuso baseYurophu kwiprojekthi yaseNyakatho Melika.
I-GB Nangona kunjalo, imida yokwakha "enye iYurophu" ikhona kwaye wena ngokwakho uthethe ngongquzulwano lweenkcubeko zezopolitiko ezibeka iYurophu ngokuchasene ne-United States.
UMzantsi Afrika Iinkcubeko zezopolitiko zaseYurophu zasekwa kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo malunga nokuqhekeka phakathi kweKunene kunye neKhohlo: nabani na owayethanda ukuKhanya, iNguquko yaseFransi, intshukumo yabasebenzi, iNguqulelo yaseRashiya, ngasekhohlo: nabani na ochaseneyo Kunene. Imbali yaseYurophu yimbali yeenkcubeko zezopolitiko "yokungavumelani" eyandisa ingxabano ngaphaya kwenguqu yokunciphisa umzabalazo weklasi. Kubungxowankulu, obungazange buthandabuzeke eUnited States, ukuba kukho umzabalazo wodidi, akukho politiki yaloo mzabalazo. Ngapha koko, ukufuduka okulandelelanayo, enkosi apho abantu baseMelika baseMelika basekwe khona, bathathe indawo yenkcubeko yobuKomanisi ukuze kuqulunqwe ingqondo yezopolitiko. Sibona namhlanje umzamo wokuba "i-US-Americanize" iYurophu kunye nokuthatha indawo yenkcubeko yemvumelwano yenkcubeko yongquzulwano. Kwenziwa ngathi akukho Right okanye ekhohlo, ukuba akukho abemi, kuphela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi abathengi abazizityebi.
I-GB IForam yezeNtlalo yeHlabathi, ngokofundo oluthe kratya oluye lwafumana ingqwalaselo ethile yavela kwimiboniso yehlabathi eyenye eSeattle. Nangona kunjalo imbali yeForam inemvelaphi engaphantsi kakhulu “entshona” kunento ekholelwayo. Ngaba unokuthetha ngaloo nto?
I-SA Incinci kakhulu iForam yezeNtlalo yeHlabathi yokwenza ukuba yindalo "entshona" kangangokuba intlanganiso yayo yokuqala yayiseBrazil; ke, kungekhona ngengozi, ezi ntlanganiso zilandelayo zaziseMumbai, eBamako, eCaracas naseKarachi kunye neForam eqala ngomso ikhethe iNairobi njengesihlalo sayo. Kuluncedo ukukhumbula, kwakhona, ukuba eSeattle iWorld Trade Organization ayizange ingasebenzi ngabaqhankqalazi baseMntla Merika kodwa ngevoti yoninzi lwamazwe asakhasayo. Enye yeentlanganiso zokuqala ezathi zazala i-WSF yayibizwa ngokuba “yi-anti-Davos e-Davos”, intlanganiso encinci kodwa enophawu oluphezulu eyaququzelelwa ngo-1999 yiWorld Alternative Forum ebulela apho abameli bemigaqo-nkqubo ye-liebral capitalism babenokuxoxa ngayo. i-ajenda esemthethweni yaseDavos. Sasimbalwa kodwa sasimele imikhosi emikhulu yentlalo : Imibutho yabasebenzi baseIndiya, eKorea naseBrazil, imibutho yabasetyhini kunye nabasebenzi basemaphandleni, imibutho yaseNtshona Afrika, abakhuseli bamalungelo oluntu, imibutho yaseBrazil. Ukusuka apho kwavela ingcamango yokubamba intlanganiso entsha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Inguqulelo esuka kwikopi yeSpanish eshiywe nguTortilla con Sal
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1. Iguqulelwe kwi-Italian ye-sinpermiso.info nguLeonor Març, epapashwe kwi-Rebelion ngoJanuwari 24th 2007
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