Ycinge. Kubi ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantu abasebenzayo kufuneka babale imingcipheko yokuhamba bengahlawulwanga ngaphambi kokuba babe nesibindi sokucela umngeni kwiinkosi zabo zasemsebenzini kulo naliphi na inqanaba elibalulekileyo. E-US, ngokukodwa phakathi kwanamhlanje "idemokhrasi zongxowankulu," abasebenzi nabo kufuneka bajonge amathuba okuba baphulukane nokhuseleko lwezempilo lwabo neentsapho zabo kunye nemisebenzi yabo. Ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo kwenkulungwane ye-19 yaseMelika malunga nobudlelwane bomqeshi nomqeshwa njengohlobo lobukhoboka ("umvuzo wobukhoboka") ithatha intsingiselo entsha ekuxhomekekeni kwabasebenzi kubaqeshi ngokhathalelo lwempilo olufikelelekayo.
Abaphathi banabaphantsi babo ngeendlela ezininzi kunenye. Kwaye bayayazi loo nto. Ayisiyonto yokuba awukwazi ukufumana izitampu zoKutya ngelixa ubambe ugwayimbo lwabasebenzi. Ongxowankulu basebenzisa impembelelo yabo ukuthintela uncedo lukarhulumente kubasebenzi ababegwayimba kudala. Bayazi ukuba indawo yentengiso yabantu abasebenzayo kunye amandla othethathethwano emsebenzini iphuculwa bubukho benethi eyomeleleyo yokhuseleko lwentlalo, ethi icuthe iingozi ezibandakanyeka kumagunya ongxowankulu acela umngeni ngokubonelela abasebenzi ngeminye imithombo yengeniso kunye nokhuseleko kwabo bandiswe okwethutyana ngongxowankulu. Indawo yeshishini elinamandla ibityhala ngokudilizwa kunye nokungagunyaziswanga kwentlalo-ntle kangangamashumi eminyaka kuba oongxowankulu-njengabaqeshi bafuna, kumazwi kaFrances Fox Piven, "ukwenza iiyure ezinde zomsebenzi ophantsi wemivuzo ekuphela kwendlela ekhoyo yabaninzi. ." [1]
I-inshurensi yezempilo esekwe kwingqesho yinto ekhatywayo ejongelwa phantsi yomgaqo wodidi lweshishini. Injalo ke ingxaki egqubayo yokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo e-US, ikhaya lezona yure zide zokusebenza kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino. Njengoko oovulindlela bombutho wabasebenzi baseMelika babesazi kakuhle, idemokhrasi enentsingiselo ethandwayo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwixesha – ekufumaneni kwabemi bexesha lokuphumla lokufunda, ukuqonda, kunye nokunxibelelana kunye nokulungelelanisa imiba yosuku. Abemi abasebenza ngokugqithisileyo abanalo ixesha lokuphumla elifunekayo kungekuphela nje ukugcina imizimba, imiphefumlo nolwalamano lwabo kunye kodwa nokuba nenxaxheba kwezopolitiko ngendlela eyaneleyo, elungelelanisiweyo nesebenzayo. "Ixesha lokucinezela" laseMelika liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelizwe eliyingozi "intsilelo yedemokhrasi." [2]
Kwenzeka ukuba inxulumene ngokusondeleyo emva kwenkqubo ye-inshurensi yezempilo esekwe kwingqesho ngendlela ebalulekileyo kodwa engafane iphawulwe. Iindleko zokhathalelo lwempilo zifikelela kwisixa esikhulu somqeshwa xa ewonke "imbuyekezo" [3] eU.S. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ezi ndleko zihlawulwa ngomsebenzi osisigxina oqeshwe isigxina, hayi ngeyure esetyenziweyo. Kwaye oku, njengoko ingcali yezoqoqosho eqhubela phambili ekhohlo uJuliet Schor yachaza kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe eyadlulayo kufundo lwakhe oluqaqambileyo noluvula amehlo. I-American Worked Overwork: Ukwehla okungalindelekanga koLonwabo eMelika (ENew York: Isiseko, 1992) yeyona nto ingundoqo "yenkuthazo yesakhiwo" etyhala abaqeshi bongxowankulu ukuba bafumane umsebenzi omninzi kubasebenzi abambalwa kangangoko. [4]
Ukuqhawula i-inshorensi yonyango emsebenzini ngokuzisa ukhuseleko lwezempilo olubonelelwa ngurhulumente jikelele phantsi kwenkqubo yombhatalwa omnye kuya kwenza idemokhrasi kwaye inciphise ukufikelela kwiimpahla zonyango kunye neenkonzo. Iyakunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokhathalelo lwempilo, yandise imfuno yabasebenzi (kwaye yiyo loo nto inamandla okuxoxisana nabasebenzi), kwaye idale ixesha elongezelelekileyo lezolonwabo abantu abasebenzayo abalifunayo ukuba bazibandakanye ngokunentsingiselo kwinkcubeko yezopolitiko yesizwe yabo ekucingelwa ukuba yedemokhrasi. Inganceda abantu abasebenzayo baphuhlise umthamo othe kratya wokuchasa ulawulo lomqeshi-isikhundla esifuna ukongezwa kwisizwe apho imivuzo yabasebenzi kunye nemivuzo isemva kakhulu kwimveliso yabo, apho ii-CEO ezidla ngokuba zii-parasitic zifumana imivuzo emdaka ngaphezulu kwe-500 yomvuzo wabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. , nalapho (ngokuchaseneyo nokukhethwa kwabantu abasebenzayo) ngaphantsi kwe-7 pesenti yabasebenzi belizwe labucala ababhalise kwimibutho.
Namhlanje, njengaphantsi koMongameli uClinton kunye nolawulo lwangaphambili, kukho ngaphezulu kweenzuzo zeenkampani ezinkulu ze-inshorensi yezempilo kunye nabaxhasi bazo bezemali abasemngciphekweni wokoyiswa kweshishini kunye nokudityaniswa kohlaziyo lwezempilo. Ngaphantsi komgangatho oqhelekileyo weshishini-ingcuka ekhalayo malunga "nokuthathwa kukarhulumente" kunye "neyeza lentlalontle" kugquba uloyiko oluguquguqukayo lweshishini kunye nokucaphukela idemokhrasi kunye namandla abasebenzi ngaphakathi nangaphaya kwendawo yokusebenza. Thina uninzi lwabasebenzi idinga ukususa iklasi yomqeshi, hayi nje i-inshorensi ye-inshorensi enzima, kwindawo yayo yokulawula ukhathalelo lwempilo yethu.
Ngaba ayimangalisi into yokuba le miba ibalulekileyo iyekisiwe kwingxoxo enentsingiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo eUnited States “idemokhrasi elawulwa yinkampani,” "yeyona nto ingcono ukuba imali inokuthenga." Ingxoxo enyanisekileyo yobudlelwane bamandla ongxowankulu ayivumelekanga ngokwendalo kulawulo lwesizwe "oluqhelekileyo," olulungelelaniswe noshishino lwezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko yeendaba, yona ngokwayo eyona inkulu. isoyikiso sobuzwilakhe yenkulungwane yama-21.[5]
Lixesha elidlulileyo (lifutshane kakhulu) ixesha lemvukelo enzulu, emacaleni amaninzi ethandwayo ngokuchasene nale demokrasi yobuxoki kunye nayo. faux free press, ebonelela nge-inshorensi ekhohlisayo yomgaqo weklasi yeshishini.
Paul Street ([imeyile ikhuselwe]) ngumbhali wamanqaku amaninzi, izahluko, iintetho kunye neencwadi, kuquka uBukhosi kunye nokungalingani: iMelika kunye nehlabathi ukususela ngo-9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008); Ingcinezelo yobuhlanga kwiGlobal Metropolis (eNew York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), Empire and Inequality: Amerika kunye neLizwe Ukusukela ngo-9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2004), Isikolo esahluliweyo: Educational Apartheid in the Post-Civil Rights Era (eNew York: Routledge, 2005); kunye noBarack Obama kunye nekamva lezoPolitiko zaseMelika. (
AMANQAKU
1. UFrances Fox Piven, Imfazwe eKhaya: Iindleko zasekhaya zeBush's Militarism (eNew York: iNew Press, i-2004), iphe. 75. Bona kwakhona uFrances Fox Piven noRichard A. Cloward, Imfazwe yeKlasi eNtsha: Uhlaselo lukaReagan kwi-Welfare State (eNew York: Pantheon, 1985), iphe. 31 kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo (kubandakanywa nezincoko ezibalulekileyo nguSamuel Bowles, uHerb Gintis, noJuliet Schor) abakhankanywe apho.
2. Kwintsilelo yedemokhrasi, bona, phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezinokubakho, uNoam Chomsky, Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy (New York: Metropolitan, 2006). 205-250; Paul Street, "Isikhewu sokuchasa: kwiMedia, ixesha, kunye nokungabikho koZixholoxholo," iZNet (ngoFebruwari 10, 2009), ifundwe https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/20528
3. Ndibeka amanqaku ekowuteshini malunga neli xesha limiselweyo loshishino lwemivuzo kunye nemivuzo kuba iya kuba yinto engekhoyo phantsi kongxowankulu ukuba abasebenzi babuyekezwe ngokupheleleyo ngomsebenzi abawubonelela abaqeshi. Inkqubo yengeniso yenza ukuqeshwa nokuqhubeka kwengqesho kuxhomekeke kubukho bomahluko phakathi kwento ehlawulwa ngabaqeshi kunye noko bakufumanayo kubasebenzi. Ukutshintshwa kwexabiso le-surplus ukusuka kumsebenzi ukuya kumphathi yimeko yomsebenzi. Amanqanaba “embuyekezo” yesiGqeba, esinye isihloko, sihlala siphezulu ngokungekho ngqiqweni kwaye siqhele ukuvuza imisebenzi ebeka ubukho bomntu onesidima emngciphekweni omkhulu ngakumbi.
4. Into enceda ekuchazeni into ebonakala ibubudenge bokungaqeshwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nokungaqeshwanga phantsi kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo okungapheliyo eU.S. Juliet Schor, The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure (New York: Basic, 1992), 39-40, 66-67 , kunye nokupasa. Okubangela umdla kukuba, u-Schor wayengenanto yakuthetha ngokuthe ngqo malunga nokwehla kolonwabo njengomba obalulekileyo wedemokhrasi.
5. Jonga u-Alex Carey, Ukuthatha uMngcipheko kwiDemokhrasi: I-Propaganda ye-Corporate Versus Freedom and
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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