Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMatshi walo nyaka, abatyeleli kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington Career Centre eSeattle bebeya kufumana abafundi behleli kwisangqa emgangathweni, abanye besenza umsebenzi wasekhaya kwiilaptops njengoko bebethatha inxaxheba kolunye lolona qhanqalazo lwemozulu lwamva nje. esikolweni. Injongo yabo: ukukholisa abaphathi be-UW ukuba baseke umgaqo-nkqubo ovala iinkampani zamafutha efosili ukuba zize ekhampasini ukugaya abafundi ukuba babasebenzele.
“Sizama ukudiliza ubukho beshishini lefosili e-UW kunye nokubamba kwabo kuluntu olukhulu lwaseMelika,” utshilo uBrett Anton we-Institutional Climate Action, okanye i-ICA, iqela labafundi elisekelwe kurhulumente waseWashington eliququzelele ukuhlala ngaphakathi. Kangangeeveki, uninzi lwabafundi abangama-30 ngexesha bethatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo, olwathi lwaqala ngalo lonke ixesha lokuvula kweZiko loMsebenzi phambi kokutshintshela kwixesha elifutshane rhoqo emva kwemini. Kwabanye abathathi-nxaxheba, ukulungelelanisa ubutshantliziyo bemozulu neembopheleleko zesikolo kuye kwabangela ucelomngeni lokwenene.
“Mhlawumbi ndiyigqithise kancinci,” utshilo umququzeleli we-ICA uLauren Henrie, othe wazibandakanya ne-sit-in yonke imihla evekini ukusuka nge-9 kusasa ukuya ku-5 pm kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala. “Kodwa ukuba kule nto kunye neqela labanye abafundi abonwabileyo ngokuthatha inyathelo ngemozulu kwaziva kumnandi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni yayingamalungu nje entlangano yethu. Emva koko abantu abaninzi baye bajoyina njengoko befumanisa ngokuhlala. ”
Ukutyhala ukuphelisa ukuqeshwa kwenkampani yefosili kwiyunivesithi enkulu yaseWashington kubonisa indlela enye abaphembeleli bemozulu abaqale ngayo ukwandisa iinzame zabo zokucela umngeni kumashishini amalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi naphi na apho ubukho babo buvakala khona kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Olu gxininiso lunike incasa entsha eyahlukileyo kwintshukumo yemozulu ekhokelwa ngabafundi eziqinisekisayo njengoko izithintelo ezinxulumene ne-COVID ziphela kwinkumbulo.
Ebudeni bobhubhane, izakhiwo ezivaliweyo zekhampasi kunye neeklasi ezikwi-intanethi kuphela zenza iindlela ezininzi zokushukuma kwemozulu emntwini phantse zingenakwenzeka kubafundi beekholeji. Nanjengoko eminye imiba yobomi bekhampasi ibuyele kwimeko yesiqhelo kunyaka ophelileyo wesikolo, izithintelo ezinxulumene ne-COVID kwimisitho emikhulu yoluntu iqhubekile ukudala imingeni. Bekuya kuba lula ukuqikelela ukuba intshukumo yemozulu, ekudala ixhomekeke kakhulu kulungiselelo lwabafundi, ingathatha iminyaka ukuchacha.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sisondela esiphelweni sonyaka wesikolo wokuqala ongenazithintelo zobhubhane ukusukela ngo-2020, umfanekiso ovelayo wenkqubo yemozulu esekwe ekhampasini awunakoyiswa. Ngapha koko, abafundi bafumana iindlela ezininzi kunangaphambili zokujolisa kumzi-mveliso wefosili.
Ukuchacha kubhubhane
Ubuncinci ngamanyathelo athile, ukulungelelaniswa kwemozulu kwiikholeji ezininzi kunye neeyunivesithi akuzange kume ngenene ngexesha lo bhubhani. Abafundi bamatsha-ntliziyo baqhubekile bephumelela uloyiso, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekutyhaleleni ukuba i-divest yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwiinkampani zamafutha efosili. Iisampulu zezikolo ezibhengeze izibophelelo ezitsha zokuqhawula umtshato ngexesha lezithintelo ze-COVID zibandakanya iYunivesithi yaseColumbia, iTufts, iRutgers, i-Amherst, iDyunivesithi yaseMazantsi eCalifornia, iYunivesithi yaseMichigan kunye neHarvard.
Abaphembeleli babafundi abavela kwisizukulwana seZoom, Instagram kunye neTikTok iiplatifti ezisetyenziswa kwi-intanethi ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso zabo, ukuququzelela imisitho kunye nokuseka iintlanganiso zenyani kunye nabenzi bezigqibo. Nangona kunjalo, imida ye-activism ye-intanethi iyinyani, kwaye ubunzima obubandakanyekayo ekubambeni iminyhadala yobuqu yenza ukuba kube nzima ukucinezela iithagethi zephulo ngeendlela zikawonke-wonke. Ubuncinci ezinye zeempumelelo ezizuzwe yintshukumo yokuntywila ngeli xesha zeza ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeminyaka yokuququnjelwa phambi kobhubhane.
EHarvard, abafundi balwela ukuntywila imali ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10, bezibandakanya nolawulo kwaye baququzelela uqhanqalazo oluthe ngqo olubeka iqonga lesibhengezo sikaSeptemba 2021 sokuba isikolo se-Ivy League sizakuvumela utyalo-mali lwaso olukhoyo kwishishini le-fossil liphelelwe lixesha. Ukugcina olu hlobo lomfutho kufuna ukuba kubuyelwe kubutsha-ntliziyo emva kokuphela kwezithintelo zobhubhane- kwaye abaphembeleli bemozulu eHarvard bayithathele phezulu le mfuno. Kanye njengokuba i-COVID yayiqhubeka nokulawula izihloko zeendaba, abafundi babeqala iphulo elitsha elityhala iHarvard kunye nezinye izikolo ukuba zithintele iinkampani zamafutha efosili ekuxhaseni ngemali iiprojekthi zophando, ngakumbi ezo zinento yokwenza nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
"I-Divestment ibonise uhlobo lwempembelelo yemozulu enokuthi ibe nayo kulawulo lweyunivesithi," utshilo umququzeleli weDivest Harvard uPhoebe Barr. “Ngoku lixesha lokubuza ngakumbi kwizifundiswa.”
Uphando lwasimahla lweFossil iye yaba yintshukumo yesizwe ngokwayo kunye namaphulo asebenzayo kwinani elikhulayo leekholeji zekholeji e-US nangaphaya. Kwikwindla yokugqibela, iPrinceton yaba yiyunivesithi yokuqala yase-US ukubhengeza ukuba iyakunciphisa intsebenziswano yophando kunye neenkampani zamafutha efosili ezingcolisa kakhulu. NgoAprili walo nyaka, kwelinye icala leAtlantiki, I-VU Amsterdam yatyhila umgaqo-nkqubo obanzi wngokufanelekileyo ithathwa njengeyona nto inamandla yokuzinikela kuphando lwefosili yayo nayiphi na iyunivesithi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ezi mpu melelo zakutsha nje zimele umzekelo omnye wendlela imozulu entsha eququzelela ukutshayela iikhampasi zekholeji ezijolise ngempumelelo kushishino lwefosili kungekuphela nje ngeqhinga elizanyiweyo neliyinyani lokuntywila, kodwa nangokufuna ukudiliza ubudlelwane beziko lemfundo ephakamileyo namalahle, iinkampani ze-oyile negesi naphi na apho zikhona.
Divest, decarbonize, dissociate
NgoMhla woMhlaba walo nyaka, abafundi bahlanganisene kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia-San Diego kwindibano kunye noqhankqalazo bebiza isikolo ukuba sikhuphe ikhabhoni kwikhampasi kwaye sahlukane neshishini leefosili. Abaxhamli bekhwele phezulu ekuphumeleleni okuyingxenye ngenxa yesibhengezo seentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili, xa i-UC San Diego Chancellor Pradeep Khosla yenza ingxelo yoluntu exhasa injongo yokuhambisa iyunivesiti kwi-100 yepesenti yamandla acocekileyo ngo-2030. ukwenziwa, njengoko abafundi babetyhalele iminyaka ukuba batshintshele kude kumzi-mveliso wokudibanisa igesi yemethane ehlangabezana neepesenti ezingama-80 zeemfuno zamandla zesikolo.
“Iikhampasi zeYunivesithi zixinene ngamandla,” utshilo uAdam Cooper, umgqatswa wePhD kunye nelungu leqela leGreen New Deal e-UC San Diego. “Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo athanda ukusebenza njengeegridi ezincinci, ngakumbi apha eCalifornia. Iikhampasi ezisixhenxe kwezili-10 ze-UC zivelisa amandla ngezixhobo zombane zemethane ezisekhampasini, ezinempembelelo enkulu kwimozulu.”
Ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint kwiidyunivesithi bekusoloko kuyinjongo ye-activism yemozulu esekwe ekhampasini, kodwa iinzame ezinjalo ngokwembali bezijonge ukugxila ekusebenzeni kwamandla okanye ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kutshanje, abafundi kwizikolo ezinjenge-UC San Diego bajike bajongana nokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-fossil ekhampasini ngokupheleleyo. Lo msebenzi uye wathatha ukubaluleka okongeziweyo kwiindawo zelizwe apho abenzi bomthetho baseburhulumenteni kunye nengingqi bamkela amandla acocekileyo.
"ICalifornia kunye nesixeko saseSan Diego zikhokela indlela ekutshintsheni izinto ezihlaziyiweyo," utshilo uCooper. “Okwangoku, i-80 pesenti yamandla ethu ekhampasini iphuma kwiplanti yokudibanisa i-methane. Ifikeleleke apho iikhampasi ze-UC ziphakathi kwezona ndawo ziphuma kwikhabhoni ephezulu kwizixeko ezinenkqubela phambili apho zikhoyo. ”
Ukuqhubeka nokuthembela kumafutha efosili ngelixa uluntu olujikelezileyo luqalisa utshintsho lwamandla lunokuba luxanduva loluntu kwiikholeji, ngakumbi izikolo ezizakhele udumo njengabavelisi bemozulu. “Ndize e-UC San Diego kuba sinamandla xa kufikwa kwisayensi yemozulu,” utshilo uCooper. "Iziko lethu le-Scripps le-Oceanography lilawula i-Keeling Curve esetyenziselwa ukulandelela ukugxila kwe-CO2 yehlabathi. Sinabaphandi abaphumelele ibhaso likaNobel. Bendicinga ukuba ndiza kwiziko elalifunda imozulu kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo emozulu, kodwa ndiye ndaqonda ukuba eneneni kukho ifuthe lefosili eninzi apha.
NgoMhla woMhlaba, njengoko babebhiyozela inkqubela-phambili ebhekiselele kwi-decarbonizing, abafundi abavela kwi-Green New Deal e-UC San Diego babhengeze ukuba iqela lijoyina i-Fossil Free Research intshukumo ngokutyhala ukupheliswa kwenkxaso-mali yoshishino yophando lwemozulu kumaziko ekhampasi afana neScripps. Umbutho ubona oku njengenyathelo lendalo lesikolo esithe, kunye neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, sazibophelela ekwahlukaneni ngo-2019. . "Inqanaba elilandelayo kukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo neshishini leefosili."
Ewe kunjalo, ngelixa inani elikhulayo leekholeji kunye neeyunivesithi sele zizibophelele ekuchitheni imali, abanye abaninzi khange bazibophelele, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili ukwahlukana kuseyinjongo ebalulekileyo kula maziko. “Sizama ukuphelisa ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kweshishini leefosili,” utshilo uMason Manley, ilungu lephulo lokwabiwa kweDyunivesithi yaseRichmond. “Idivesting yindlela yokuthi asihambisani nezinto ezenziwa zezi nkampani, kwaye iiyunivesithi akufuneki zityale imali ekutshabalaliseni ikamva labafundi bazo.”
Ukuthi ukwahlukana njengeqhinga kugqwethwe zezinye iindlela zokujolisa kushishino lwamafutha efosili kwiikholeji nakwiidyunivesiti akunakuchaneka. Endaweni yoko, ukuntywila kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili, kodwa ngoku kunokubonwa njengeplanga enye kwindlela ebanzi ngakumbi abaphembeleli bemozulu bethatha iikhampasi zasekholejini.
“Njengoko aya esanda amaziko entywila, sisusa iimvume zokuziphatha zeenkampani zamafutha efosili ukuba zisebenze,” utshilo uZoe Cultrara, elinye ilungu lephulo lokwahlulwa kweYunivesithi yaseRichmond. I-Decarbonization kunye nokuchithwa ngamanyathelo ongezelelweyo aqhubela phambili injongo efanayo.
Ngokuzama ukujongela phantsi ukuba semthethweni kweenkampani zamafutha efosili naphi na apho zivela khona kwiikhampasi zasekholejini, abafundi banamhlanje abalwela imozulu balandela incwadi yokudlala eyenye imibutho emikhulu yentlalontle eyilandelayo ngempumelelo eqinisekisiweyo.
Ukukhokela ngomzekelo
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kunye nee-'70s, amatshantliziyo oxolo ekholejini aqhankqalaza ubukho kwiikhampasi zabo zabaqeshwa boMkhosi wase-US kunye neenkampani ezinjengeDow Chemical, umenzi wenapalm esetyenziswa eVietnam. Ngokucela umngeni emkhosini kunye nelayisenisi yabavelisi bezixhobo ukuba basebenze kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, amatsha-ntliziyo aselula ancedisa ekubekeni intshukumo echasene nemfazwe yelo xesha njengempendulo echasene nemfazwe nje enye, kodwa ubundlobongela besakhiwo esikhulu somkhosi-mveliso. Imiphumo yobutshantliziyo babo iyaqhubeka nokuphindaphinda kwezopolitiko zase-US namhlanje. Ngoku, abaphembeleli bemozulu baye baqalisa umsebenzi ofanayo wokonakalisa isidima senkampani yamalahle, ioyile kunye negesi.
“Injongo yethu kukutsala ingqalelo kwindlela ishishini le-fossil eliye layithoba ngayo impendulo yoluntu kwintlekele yemozulu,” utshilo uHenrie we-ICA e-UW - leyo, njengeHarvard kunye ne-UC Sand Diego, esele izibophelele ekugxothweni. Kwaye ngelixa ukuhlala-ngaphakathi kwi-UW Career Centre yaphela ngoMatshi, abafundi abafana noHenrie baqhubeka nokutyhalela kwabo ukuba kupheliswe ukufunwa kwamafutha efosili, uphando kunye namandla ekhampasini. Benza izicwangciso zokunyuka, kubandakanya noqhanqalazo lokungena kwindawo ecwangciselwe uMeyi 19.
“Njengeyunivesithi sibanga ukuba siyinkokeli yemozulu, kwaye siyakhokela kwisayensi,” utshilo uAnton. “Oonjingalwazi nabafundi bethu benza umsebenzi omhle wokuphanda ngotshintsho lwemozulu. Kodwa ukuba inkokeli kwindawo yesayensi yemozulu iyaqhubeka nokulibazisa ukuthatha inyathelo njengeziko, loo nto ayithethi nto ilungileyo malunga nokufezekisa iinjongo ekufuneka sifikelele kuzo siluluntu.
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