Ukuqala uthotho lweentetho malunga noqoqosho, uMongameli Obama uxelele isihlwele e-Illinois ngoLwesithathu ukuba ukubuyisela ukungalingani okukhulayo kunye nokuvuselela umgangatho ophakathi "kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili eWashington." Ngexesha lamazwi akhe, u-Obama akaphumelelanga ukukhankanya ukufakwa kwemali ebhankini nguDetroit, apho amawakawaka abasebenzi bakarhulumente ngoku besilwela ukukhusela imali yabo yomhlalaphantsi kunye nezibonelelo zonyango njengoko isixeko sisoyikisa ukucuthwa okukhulu ukoyisa imali eqikelelwa kwi-18 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ukutshona kwemali kukaDetroit โngumzekelo wenkqubo yezoqoqosho engasebenziyo,โ utshilo uRichard Wolff, unjingalwazi osele ekhulile kwezoqoqosho kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts. "Zininzi kakhulu ezinye izixeko ezikwimeko yaseDetroit, kangangokuba ukuba iinkundla zigqibe kwelokuba kusemthethweni ukuhlutha imali yomhlalaphantsi ethenjiswe kwaye ihlawulwe ngaba basebenzi, ubusela [ubusemthethweni]. Yimfazwe yodidi, ukwaba ngokutsha. ingeniso ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu."
UAMY KUHLE: Kule veki uMongameli u-Obama uqalise uthotho lweentetho ezikhuthazwa kakhulu malunga noqoqosho kunye nesicwangciso sakhe sokuvuselela umgangatho ophakathi waseMelika. Uya eFlorida namhlanje emva kokwenza intetho enkulu ngoLwesithathu kwiKholeji yaseKnox kwikhaya lakhe e-Illinois. U-Obama uyikhusele irekhodi yakhe yokulawula uqoqosho ngokudodobala koqoqosho, kodwa uvumile ukuba mkhulu umsebenzi osamele wenziwe.
UMONGAMELI BARACK OBAMA: Nangona amashishini ethu edala imisebenzi emitsha kwaye aphule iingeniso zerekhodi, phantse zonke iingeniso zengeniso zeminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo ziye zaqhubeka zihamba ukuya kwi-1 yepesenti ephezulu. I-CEO engumndilili inyuswe malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 ukusukela ngo-2009. Umndilili waseMelika ufumana umvuzo ongaphantsi kunalowo wayewenza ngo-1999. โฆ Ijongela phantsi eyona nto iphambili yaseMelika - la mbono yokuba ukuba usebenza nzima, ungayenza apha. Yiyo loo nto ukubuyisela umva ezi ndlela kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili eWashington.
UAMY KUHLE: UMongameli u-Obama wayethetha ngaphambili kwiKholeji yaseKnox kwi-2005 xa wayenyulwa okokuqala njenge-senator, ixesha apho indawo ejikelezileyo yayinzima ngokuvalwa kwefektri.
Kwintetho yangoLwesithathu, u-Obama uthembise ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kwezi veki zizayo malunga nendlela aceba ukubuyisa ngayo imisebenzi yokuvelisa eye phesheya kweelwandle, kwaye wafunga ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi ngokutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zelizweโiibhulorho, iindlela namazibuko.
Ngethuba lentetho yeyure, enye yezona zide zobongameli bakhe, uMongameli Obama akazange athethe ngeDetroit. Esi sixeko sibe ngoyena masipala mkhulu waseMelika owakhe wafaka isicelo sokubhanga kwiveki ephelileyo, ebeka into enokuba ngumlo osemthethweni othatha ixesha elide kunye namawakawaka abasebenzi bedolophu abakhoyo nabangaphambili abanelungelo lomhlalaphantsi kunye nezibonelelo zonyango. Ejongene ne-18 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ematyaleni, umphathi kaxakeka kaDetroit, uKevyn Orr, uxelele imibutho yoluntu ukuba ijonge "ukucuthwa okubalulekileyo." Iimanyano zaseDetroit ziye zafaka uthotho lwemingeni yezomthetho kwilinge lokukhusela imali yabo yomhlalaphantsi kunye nezibonelelo. NgoLwesithathu, ijaji eyongamele iinzame zokunganyaniseki kukaDetroit yamisa yonke imiceli mngeni yezomthetho ngelixa isixeko sifuna ukhuseleko kubabolekisi baso.
Ukufumana okungakumbi, sidityaniswe nguRichard Wolff, unjingalwazi ophumayo kwezoqoqosho kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts, eAmherst, kunye nonjingalwazi ondwendweleyo kwiYunivesithi yeSikolo esitsha apha kwisiXeko saseNew York. Ungumbhali wenani leencwadi, kubandakanywa, kutsha nje, Idemokhrasi eMsebenzini: Unyango lobungxowankulu.
Kuhle ukuba ubuyele kwakhona Intando yeninzi Ngoku! Kuthekani ngeDetroit?
URICHARD WOLFF: Ewe, iDetroit sisileleko esimangalisayo kwinkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho. Ibihlile ineminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Wonke umntu uyayazi. Ndiyathetha, ukukunika nje owona mgangatho wobuntu, ngo-1950 abantu baseDetroit babezizigidi ezisisi-1.8, namhlanje ngama-700,000. Ngokusisiseko, ukwehla kwamashumi eminyaka apho kungekho nto yenziweyo ngokusisiseko ukuguqula imeko kwaye uninzi lwabantu baseDetroit baxelelwa, "Phuma." Kwaye benjenjalo. Baye kwezinye iindawo benethemba lokuzisindisa kwintlekele yeso sixeko, abaninzi babo besiya kwezinye izixeko ezilandele iDetroit phantsi kwendlela efanayo, bevelisa, uyazi, izigidi zabantu zibhubhise ubomi. Ngoko lo ngumzekelo wenkqubo yezoqoqosho engaphumelelanga. Kufuneka ugwebe inkqubo yezoqoqosho, efana neyethu, kungekuphela nje ngezinto ezilungileyo ezinokuzivelisaโezenzayoโkodwa nangeentlekele, eziyibonayo, eziya zisiba mbi ngakumbi, yaye zingenzi nto ukuzibuyisela umva. Kwaye ndinoloyiko lokuba uMongameli u-Obama uthwele uxanduva oluninzi njengolawulo oluphambi kwakhe-i-federal, urhulumente kunye nengingqi-engakhange isebenze.
Enye ingongoma enkulu ngayo, ndiyacinga, kukuba sibona apha ingxaki yedemokhrasi. Ngokusisiseko, iDetroit yi "Auto City," kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "Auto City." Yenyuka ngokunyuka kweshishini leemoto. Kodwa yayihlala ishiya izigqibo malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kubantu abambalwa-abanini-zabelo abakhulu, iibhodi zabalawuli abazikhethayo, kwiZithathu ezinkulu: General Motors, Ford, Chrysler. Bazenza izigqibo. Bafuna ukunconywa xa uqoqosho lukhula, xa ishishini lezimoto likhula. Kulungile, masibanike. Kodwa ke kufuneka babe netyala xa bethatha izigqibo ezimbi, xa bengazange baqonde indlela yokukhuphisana nabenzi beemoto baseJapan kunye naseYurophu, xa bengazange baqonde indlela yokuba neenjini ezonga amafutha ihlabathi lokuwohloka kwemekobume, naxa belandela ezo mpazamo ngesona sibi kakhulu: bagqiba kwelokuba indlela yokubuyisela kwiimpazamo zabo zangaphambili yayikukususa imveliso eDetroit, ukuya kufuna abasebenzi abangabizi mali ininzi kwenye indawoโkwenye indawo eUnited States, emva koko EMexico naseKhanada, yaye ekugqibeleni eTshayina nakwihlabathi liphelaโesitshabalalisa isixeko saseDetroit, ebahlutha ishishini elisisiseko elenza eso sixeko saba sikhulu. Kwaye nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu uxhomekeke kwiziphumo. Bonke abantu baseDetroit kunye nokusingqongileyo kufuneka baphile neziphumo zezigqibo abangazange bathathe inxaxheba kuzo. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga ukuba siyivumele into enje ukuba yenzeke.
Kwaye okubuhlungu kakhulu, akukho nto ifundwayo. eCleveland; eCamden, eNew Jersey; I-Youngstown, eOhio, apho ndazalelwa khonaโzonke ezi ziintlekele ezifanayo ezenzeka phambi kwamehlo ethu ngoku nentsabelo efanayo engonelanga yenkqubo engakwaziyo ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki.
UAMY KUHLE: Urhulumente womdibaniso ukhupha ibheyile kwiibhanki, ukhulula amaqumrhu. Kuthekani ngeDetroit?
URICHARD WOLFF: Ewe, iDetroit ngowona mzekelo ugqithisileyo. Kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, ebunzulu bale ngxaki yangokuโ2008, โ09, โ10โurhulumente waseUnited States uye wakhulula uGeneral Motors noChrysler. Yakhupha iinkampani ezimbini ezinkulu eDetroit. Kodwa ayizange ikhuphe ibheyile iDetroit. Ndiyathetha, awunakuba namalungiselelo anqabileyo. Eyona nto imbi kuyo? Umzekelo omnye: Inxalenye yesivumelwano esihlanganise ibheyile karhulumente womanyano, urhulumente kunye nesixeko, yayikukufumana isivumelwano seUnited Auto Workers, imanyano, oko kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yomvuzo wamanqanaba amabini. Abasebenzi abadala ababesele bekwizikhundla baqhubeka befumana umvuzo wabo omdala. Kodwa bonke abasebenzi abatsha abaza kuqeshwa baya kuqeshwa ngesiqingatha somvuzo omdala. Endaweni yokuba malunga ne-28 yeedola okanye iidola ezingama-29 ngeyure, malunga ne-14 yeedola ukuya kwi-16 yeedola ngeyure, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuba iinkampani zeemoto zinokubuya, iDetroit ayinakukwazi, kuba ukubuyiswa kwabasebenzi kumashishini eemoto bekuya kuba ngabasebenzi abahlawulwa i-$14 okanye i-15 yeedola ngeyure. , kwaye oko kukubeka ngaphantsi komvuzo wobuhlwempu eUnited States. Lisikizi ke eli xa abaphezulu, amashishini, oosomashishini abakhulu, bekhutshwa ngebheyile, kwaye kwa ezo zixeko zixhomekeke kuzo kuthiwe mazizimele.
UAMY KUHLE: Yeyiphi enye indlela yokukhupha imali yenkam-nkam yabasebenzi?
URICHARD WOLFF: Ewe, into esinayo ngoku ngumzabalazo wakudala. Kwelinye icala, ababoleki-maliโkwaezo bhanki zikhulu zazihlangulwe ngaphambiliโbafuna ukubuyiselwa yonke imali yabo. Ekuphela kwendlela isixeko esasinokuhlawula ngayo abo batyalayo, nokuba inxalenye encinane, yayiya kuba kukungenzi ntoni? Nokuba yinkcitho kwiinkonzo zangoku okanye ukukhupha imali kwabo badla umhlala-phantsi, abantu ababesebenzela isixeko ubomi babo bonke ngoku baxhomekeke kukhathalelo lwezonyango kwaye, ukuze baziphilise, kule pension. Kwaye oko kuyaliwa.
Kwaye lonke elaseUnited States lijonge oku, kuba zininzi ezinye izixeko ezikwimeko yaseDetroit, ukuba iinkundla zigqiba kwelokuba kusemthethweni ukuthabatha inkamnkam ekuthenjiswe ngayo nokuhlawulwa ngaba basebenzi, ukuba kusemthethweni ukuyisusa, unobusela. Yibize nantoni na oyifunayo, ususa ubutyebi. Yimfazwe yodidi. Yabela kwakhona ingeniso ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu: Khathalela iibhanki ngeemali-mboleko kwaye ujije inkitha yabasebenzi abayihlawuleleyo. Ngandlelโ ithile, kungqamene noqoqosho kwinto eyayithethwa lundwendwe lwakho lwangaphambili phambi kwam namhlanje malunga nesidima, ubuntatheli, inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nazo zonke ezinye. Kuthatha iUnited States ukuya kwelinye inqanaba lokungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Kwaye yonke intetho emnandi eyenziwa nguMongameli Obama ayiquki kule ntlekele.
UAMY KUHLE: Uyazi, kwakukho lo udumileyo Iindaba zeNew York Daily isihloko esikhulu ngowe-1975, emva kokuba uMongameli Ford ethe akayi kuhlangula iNew York, yathetha into efana nale: "Ford ukuya kwisiXeko saseNew York-Ford ukuya kwisiXeko: Drop Dead."
URICHARD WOLFF: "Drop Dead," injalo loo nto.
UAMY KUHLE: Ngaba lo ngumzuzu ka-Obama "wokufa" weDetroit?
URICHARD WOLFF: Ndicinga njalo. Ndicinga ukuba kukulahla. Wenza intetho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, xa yayiqala ukuphuka, ukuba uya kushiya isisombululo kwingxaki yendawo kubantu basekhaya. Ewe, akazange ayenze loo nto xa uGeneral Motors wayefuna ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Akazange ayenze loo nto xa uChrysler wayefuna ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Akazange axelele iibhanki, "Owu, hamba uyisombulule ingxaki yakho wedwa." Wayelapho, eqhubela phambili oko uBush waqalayo: ukukhutshwa kwebheyile yeenkampani ezinkulu. Kodwa xa kufikwa kubuninzi babantu-kwaye masikhumbule, uninzi lwabemi baseDetroit bayishiyile iDetroit. Sithetha ngembinana eshiyekileyo kusithiwa, "Uxolo, akukho nto sinokukwenzela yona, ngaphandle kokuthatha imali yenkamnkam obuyisebenzile nayihlawula, ngoku siza kuthathela ingqalelo ipropathi engeyiyo yabucala. ayikhuselwanga, ipropathi esinokuyihlutha kuni ngenxa yokuba sisilele siluluntu ukujongana notshintsho olukhulu lwezoqoqosho lwesixeko. "
UAMY KUHLE: Ndifuna ukukubuza malunga noqhanqalazo "lokunyusa uMvuzo" kwisiXeko saseNew York. Abasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo bavotele ukugunyazisa ugwayimbo lwabo lwesithathu lwesixeko ukuze bafumane umvuzo ophilayo kunye nelungelo lokumanyana ngaphandle kokoyikiswa. Lo ngomnye wabasebenzi bakwaMcDonald, uKareem Starks.
KAREEM STARKS: Ndinabantwana ababini, abathandathu kunye ne-12. Bobabini abafana bam baphumelele i-kindergarten kunye nebanga lesihlanu ngaxeshanye kulo nyaka. Umanejala wam wandixelela ukuba uza kundinika amathuba angakumbi okwenza imaliโiintsuku ezongezelelekileyo. Undifowunela ngosuku lwam lokuphumla, kwaye kwiintsuku ezintathu emva koko, yonke imihla, umphathi owahlukileyo undithumela ekhaya. Ekupheleni kweveki, ndifumana umvuzo kuphela ngeeyure ezingama-28. Ndandingenako okwaneleyo ukwenzela unyana wam, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ndithenge iibhaluni okanye ndimkhuphele kwivenkile yepizza. Andizange ndikwazi ncam ukubhiyozela ukuphumelela kwakhe, kuba ndandingenamali.
UAMY KUHLE: I-poll entsha ekhutshwe ngoLwesithathu yi-National Employment Law Project Action Fund ibonisa iipesenti ze-80 zaseMelika zixhasa ukunyusa umvuzo omncinci kwi-$ 10.10 ngeyure kunye nokulungelelanisa kwiindleko-ngeendleko zokuphila. Amashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu eepesenti adwelise owona mvuzo uphantsi wonyuswa njengowona mba uphambili weCongress kulo nyaka uzayo. Enyanisweni, uMongameli Obama wathetha ngokunyusa umvuzo omncinci kwintetho izolo.
URICHARD WOLFF: Ewe, kum, yinto emangalisayo njengengcali yezoqoqosho ukucinga ngoluntu olunomvuzo omncinci kwinqanaba esiwenzayo, eligweba izigidi zabasebenzi-kwaye hayi nje abo bafumana umvuzo omncinci, kodwa, wena. yazi, ubuncinci luhlobo lomgangatho ovumela abanye abaqeshi ukuba bathi, "Kulungile, ndihlawula ngaphezu komvuzo omncinci. Ndiza kukunika i-50 yeesenti-ngeyure ngaphezulu okanye idola ngaphezulu," oku kuthetha ukuba loo mvuzo iphelela ekubeni isezantsi kakhulu, kuba ubuncinci, ngumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu. Ngoko yinto engaqhelekanga. Kwaye xa ubona iinkampani ezinkulu ezinje ngeMcDonald's kunye neWal-Mart zivelisa inzuzo yerekhodi, zivelisa ubutyebi obungachazekiyo kwinani elincinci labantu abangabanini bezabelo ezininzi, ingxoxo yokuba akukho mali yokuhlawula aba bantu isixa esifanelekileyo. -akukho ngqiqweni. Kwaye kuchasene nezoqoqosho kwaye akukho ngqiqweni, kuba konke okwenzayo eUnited States ngokuhlawula amanani amakhulu abantu abancinci kule misebenzi kukuqinisekisa ukuba abanawo amandla okuthenga ukuthenga nantoni na, okuthetha ukuba abanye abantu abafumani. umsebenzi kuba abanayo imali yokuwuthenga.
Ke, ngandlela ithile, unceda i-United States ukuba ibe yile nto ibisoloko icinga ukuba ayizukuba yiyo. Oko kukuthi, besisoloko sizingca njengesizwe: Siluluntu olukhulu olukudidi oluphakathi. Abakumgangatho ophakathi bayatshatyalaliswa. Iyatyhalelwa ezantsi, ngobuninzi, zizinto ezininzi, eyona incinci ingumvuzo ophantsi kakhulu kunye nokuzimisela kweenkampani zehlabathi ezityebile ngokugqithisileyo ukuyigcina injalo. Kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba nje ukuba uvumela ukuba kuqhubeke, ukuba nje uvumela loo maziko enze ezo ntlobo zezigqibo, soze siphume kule ngxaki.
UAMY KUHLE: Richard Wolff, ndifuna ukubulela ngokuba kunye nathi, unjingalwazi ophumayo kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts, e-Amherst, unjingalwazi otyelele kwiSikolo esitsha apha kwisiXeko saseNew York, umbhali wenani leencwadi, ukwabamba inkqubo yeveki nganye ebizwa ngokuba Uhlaziyo lwezoQoqosho esasaza kwizikhululo ezininzi kwilizwe jikelele, kuquka iWBAI apha eNew York, kwaye iyadityaniswa. Ungajonga iwebhusayithi yethu; siza kudibanisa yakhe [1] apha democracynow.org.
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