Iintsilelo ngoku zinyukile, kodwa kwakhona, ukuya kwinqanaba lesihloko. Abagcini be-Conservatives ngaphakathi nasekunene kweqela leRiphabhlikhi baqulunqa iingxoxo zelizwe ngokuhlasela iintsilelo. Bafuna ukuwanciphisa ngokucutha inkcitho karhulumente. Abakhululi baphendula, njengesiqhelo, ngokunyanzelisa ukuba ukoyisa le ngxaki kufuna inkcitho enkulu kurhulumente ("uvuselelo") kwaye ngenxa yoko intsilelo enkulu. Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika babukele iingxabano zezopolitiko kunye nengxubevange yokudideka, ukungabi namdla kunye nokudelela. Nangona kunjalo iintsilelo zingumcimbi wokwenyani kuye wonke umntu, lowo iingxoxo phakathi kwezopolitiko kunye nabacebisi babo bezoqoqosho bayaphoswa, bangayihoyi, okanye bazifihle.
Xa urhulumente wesigqeba ephakamisa ngaphantsi kweerhafu kunye nezinye iingeniso kunokuba achithe, kufuneka aboleke umahluko. Ukuboleka konyaka okunjalo yintsilelo yonyaka ngamnye. UNondyebo wase-US uboleka loo mali ngokuthengisa iibhondi, ii-IOUs zomanyano, kubabolekisi. Ukuqokelelwa kweentsilelo zonyaka kubandakanya ityala lesizwe, iyonke yeebhondi ze-US Treasury Bonds. Ke imibuzo yokuqala nelula malunga neentsilelo yile (1) kutheni urhulumente wobumbano ekhetha ukuboleka kunokuba anyuse irhafu? yaye (2) kutheni iboleka kunokuba icuthe inkcitho yayo? Iimpendulo ezingamawele zezopolitiko kakhulu. Amagosa anyuliweyo ayoyika ukunyusa irhafu kushishino kunye nezityebi kuba iingeniso zabo kunye nobutyebi bomntu obukhulu bunokuxhasa ngemali ukoyiswa kwamagosa akwenzayo oko. Ukunciphisa inkcitho karhulumente enceda ishishini kunye nezityebi kuyaphetshwa ngesizathu esifanayo. Njengoko umthwalo werhafu usiya usiya usiya kubantu abanemivuzo ephakathi nabaphantsi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, amagosa anyuliweyo aye ajongana nokunyuka kwemvukelo yerhafu ekhatshwa neemfuno zeenkonzo ezininzi zikarhulumente kunye nenkxaso.
EUnited Statesโnjengakumazwe amaninzi obukapitaliโamashishini nezityebi kwelinye icala, nabanomvuzo ophakathi namahlwempu kwelinye, baye babeka iimfuno ezifanayo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente. Icala ngalinye lifuna inkcitho karhulumente eninzi kwizinto elizidingayo kunye nerhafu encinane kwimivuzo yalo. Omabini amaqela ezopolitiko anoloyiko lokunyusa irhafu okanye ukunciphisa inkcitho ebantwini kuba loo nto ibeka esichengeni ukoyiswa konyulo. Oku kube yinkcaso yokwenyani, esisiseko, kwaye ephazamisa intlalo eyakhelwe kwiinkqubo zongxowankulu.
Kwezi ntsuku, amashishini kunye nezityebi bafuna zombini inkxaso karhulumente enkulu ukuze boyise le ngxaki ikhoyo kunye nezibonelelo zabo eziqhelekileyo zikarhulumente. Le yokugqibela ibandakanya imisebenzi karhulumente kumazwe angaphandleโkuquka iimfazweโeqinisekisa iimarike zangaphandle kunye nokufikelela kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezisuka kwamanye amazwe (umz., izixa ezifunekayo namaxabiso ezinto zoshishino kunye neempahla zabathengi ezingafumanekiyo ngaphakathi). Bakwafuna inkxaso ethile enikwa amashishini ezolimo, iinkampani zezothutho, abavelisi bezokhuselo, njalo njalo, kunye nonciphiso lwerhafu olubonelelwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali. Amashishini anyanzela urhulumente ukuba agcine okanye andise iindlela, amazibuko, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, izikolo, iinkqubo zothutho ngobuninzi namaziko ophando abalulekileyo ukuze afumane ingeniso yamashishini awo. Abantu abazizityebi bafuna inkcitho karhulumente kumapolisa nakwiinkqubo zokugweba ezikhusela ubutyebi babo.
Oosomashishini nezityebi ngokufanayo bafuna urhulumente angayinyusi irhafu. Amashishini afuna ukugcina amathuba abo asemthethweni okuphepha iirhafu kwiingeniso (ngemisebenzi ye-offshore, i-invoyisi yokudluliselwa kwangaphakathi, njl.). Amashishini kunye nezityebi eUnited States bafuna iminikelo kwiziseko zabo, kwiiyunivesithi ezityebileyo, amaziko ezobugcisa, kunye nemibutho yesisa abayithandayo ukuze bahlale bexhaswa ngokucuthwa kwerhafu yelizwe ngesisa enikezelwa kwiminikelo enjalo. Bakwafuna ngoku kuqhutyekwa nokukhululwa kwerhafu ngexesha likaBush kunye nokutsalwa kweerhafu kwimivuzo yabo nakwimihlaba abayishiyayo.
Abantu baseMelika abanomvuzo ophakathi kunye nabahlwempuzekileyo bafuna inkcitho karhulumente kwi-inshurensi yabo yokungaphangeli, kunye nenkcitho yokuthintela okanye ukuthomalalisa ukubethelwa kwezindlu, ukubonelela ngemali enenzala ephantsi yokuthenga izindlu okanye ukubuyisela imali, kunye nokuqinisekisa iimali mboleko zemfundo ezinenzala ephantsi. kubantwana babo. Bafuna izikolo zikarhulumente zixhaswe kakuhle ngemali ukuze zisebenze njengendlela yokuqhubela phambili abantwana babo. Baxhasa ulawulo lukarhulumente ukuze baqinisekise ukhuseleko lweempahla kunye neenkonzo ezibhalwe ngokunyanisekileyo kunye nempilo nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yabo. Bafuna izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye ne-Medicare. Babelana ngenkxaso ye-Medicaid, izitampu zokutya, kunye nentlalontle, nangona ezinye iidemon zezo nkqubo kunye nabamkeli bazo. Kwaye bayayichasa irhafu eninzi kunye nokuxhuzulwa okuphezulu kukarhulumente kwimivuzo yabo kwezi nkqubo.
Kuwo onke amazwe ongxowankulu, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, ukuphikisana phakathi kwala mabango aphikisanayo emali kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente kuye kwabumba ipolitiki. Ngaloo ndlela, amagosa anyuliweyo awakhange ayinyuse irhafu okanye ayicuthe imali eyaneleyo ukuze alungelelane. Endaweni yoko baye babhenela ngakumbi ekubolekeniโbeqhuba intsilelo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Amagosa athanda iintsilelo kuba afumana uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezobupolitikaโโokwanelisayoโ kushishino, izityebi, nabo bonke abanye ngokubamba irhafu nokugcina inkcithoโngoxa eshenxisa iindleko zobupolitika zokuhlawula amatyala elizwe anyukayo neendleko zalo ezikhulayo zenzala kubaphathi beeofisi. eza emva kwabo (into efanayo namhlanje namazwi kaLouis XV athi, โaprรฉs moi le delugeโ).
Ukuboleka kukarhulumente kukwanceda amashishini nezityebi ngokubanika utyalo-mali olunomtsalane. Baboleka imali kurhulumente aze abuyise ezo mali ngenzala. Kunokuba aphulukane nenxalenye yobutyebi bawo ngokuhlawula irhafu, loo maqela agcina eso sabelo (sikwimo yemali karhulumente ethengiweyo) aze afumane imali engakumbi ngayo. Amashishini nezityebi ngokuqhelekileyo ngababolekisi abaphambili koorhulumente babo; abasebenzi kunqabile ukuba. Kwa ezi nkokeli zoshishino zase-US ezicebisa oorhulumente ukuba "baphile ngokwamandla abo" ngaxeshanye bazalise ishishini labo kunye neepotfoliyo zabo ngeebhondi zikarhulumente.
Imbali, inkcubeko nezopolitiko zelizwe ngalinye zigqiba ukuba urhulumente walo uboleka malini. EUnited States, njengakwezinye iindawo, oorhulumente abalandelelanayo (ngokuqhelekileyo abasekhohlo nabasekunene) baye baboleka imali eninzi kangangokuba ukuboleka ngakumbi kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Omnye umqobo usemngciphekweni, kuba okukhona urhulumente ehlawula inzala kunye nokuhlawula amatyala, kokukhona incinci imali anayo ukuze aqhube ishishini lenkcitho kunye nemfuno yoluntu. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, iintlawulo zenzala zonyaka kwityala lesizwe lase-US zibe ne-avareji engaphaya kweebhiliyoni ezingama-400 zeerandi. Inkcaso yezopolitiko ukuqhubeka nezo ntlawulo yenzalo, kwaye mhlawumbi umsindo ojoliswe kubabolekisi, unokuvela (njengoko sele kwenzekile eYurophu). Ekubeni abo babolekisa ngemali koorhulumente bengamashishini amaninzi, abantu abazizityebi nemibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo karhulumente (owasemzini nowasekhaya), loo nkcaso isenokubangelwa yingqumbo. Ukunyuka kwamatyala esizwe ke ngoko kwakha inkcaso yalo. Apho kwaye xa oko kusenzeka okanye kusongela ukwenzeka, ababolekisi abakhulu bayayeka ukubeka emngciphekweni ukuthengwa ngakumbi kweebhondi zikarhulumente. Abakwazanga ukuboleka njengangaphambili, oorhulumente babuyela kukujongana nengxaki yokuqala: ngawaphi amaqela asekuhlaleni aza kurhafiswa ngakumbi kwaye/okanye aza kubandezeleka kuthotywa kwenkcitho karhulumente.
IGrisi, i-Ireland, iHungary, neSpain ziphakathi kwamazwe abantu abasele beyivile impembelelo yokunyuka kwerhafu kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho. Kuloo mazwe, amashishini kunye nabemi abazizityebi baye bakwazi ukunyanzelisa indlela abayithandayo kwingxaki yokushota, oko abezobupolitika bakubiza ngokuba โbubungqongqo.โ Xa ukuboleka kukarhulumente kufuneka kuncitshiswe okanye kuyekwe, โuburharhaโ buthetha ukunciphisa kabukhali inkcitho karhulumente kwimisebenzi yecandelo likarhulumente kunye neenkonzo zobuninzi babantu. Kuyo yonke iYurophu, urhulumente emva korhulumente unyanzelwa ngamashishini akhe kunye nabona bemi bakhe abazizityebi ukuba anyanzelise ubungqongqo kubantu bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, nakwiYurophu iphela, ngokucothayo kodwa ngokuthe ngcembeโkuba bengacwangciswanga kakuhle kwaye benenkxaso-maliโimibutho yabasebenzi, amaqela ashiyekileyo, kunye nemibutho eshiyekileyo yezopolitiko ihlangana ngokuchasene nobungqongqo kunye nezicwangciso ezizezinye. Oku kubandakanya ukunyuswa kwerhafu kushishino kunye nezityebi kunye/okanye ukunciphisa inkcitho karhulumente ebancedayo.
Ngenxa yokuba iUnited States lelona lizwe lityebileyo ehlabathini kwaye inokuboleka ngokulula nangakumbi kunamanye amazwe, urhulumente wobumbano akakafikeleli kumda wokuboleka kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, imimandla kunye noomasipala abavumelekanga ukuboleka uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo lokusebenza, ngoko sele benyanzelise i-austerity kulo lonke elase-United States (ibonakala ngokukodwa ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenkcitho kwiinkonzo zoluntu e-California naseNew York). Ukanti eUnited States, kwakhona, kukho iziqalo zeempawu zentshukumo echasene nobungqongqo. Umzekelo, ngoJanuwari 2010, abavoti base-Oregon baye bavuma isigqibo sombuso wabo sokuphendula kwintlekele yezoqoqosho kungekhona ngokuboleka okanye ngokucutha inkcitho karhulumente, kodwa ngokunyusa ngaphezu kwe-$ 700 yezigidi zeerhafu kumashishini nakwimizi efumana ngaphezulu kwe-$ 250,000 ngonyaka.
Qwalasela lo mzekelo wolu hlobo lwezinye iinkqubo ezingezinye: Rhoqo ngonyaka, iinkampani ezimbini ezilungiselela abatyali-zimali abazizityebi ziphonononga abathengi bazo. I-Capgemini kunye ne-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management's "iNgxelo yoButyebi behlabathi ka-2010" ibala njengabantu abaNcinci abaPhakamileyo (i-HNWIs) wonke umntu ubuncinane one-$1 yesigidi se "asethi ezinokutyalwa" ukongeza kumaxabiso eendawo zabo zokuhlala eziphambili, imisebenzi yobugcisa, izinto eziqokelelweyo, njl. I-HNWIs e-United States yabalelwa kwi-2.9 yezigidi ngo-2009: kakuhle ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu base-United States. Ii-asethi ezinokutyalwa ze-HNWIs ziye zafikelela kwi-12.09 yetriliyoni yeedola. Ngo-2009, iyonke imali eshotayo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali yaseMelika yayiyi-1.7 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola. Ukuba urhulumente wase-US wayehlawulisa irhafu yongxamiseko yezoqoqosho ye-15% kuphela kwii-asethi ezityalwayo ze-HNWIs, akukho mboleko karhulumente yayiza kuba yimfuneko ngo-2009. Abemi base-US.
Iingxoxo zokwenene ngalo lonke ixesha bezifanele ukubaโkwaye ngoku bekufanele ukubaโngokumalunga nokuba ngubani ohlawula irhafu engakanani yaye ngubani ozuzayo ngaziphi iindlela kwinkcitho karhulumente. Iintsilelo aziyomfuneko kungekuko ngamaxesha oqoqosho aqhelekileyo okanye xa kukho iintlekele kunye novuselelo lukarhulumente luyimfuneko. Elo shishini kunye nezityebi bakhetha ukuboleka imali ukuze bafumane intsilelo kurhulumente endaweni yokurhafiswa endaweni yoko kukuzenzela nje okuqondakalayo. Abanye bethu abanalo kuphela ilungelo lokukhetha okwahluke kakhulu, kodwa kunye nesiseko esicacileyo kwithiyori yezoqoqosho kunye nezifundo zobungqina obukhoyo zokungazishiyi izinto esizikhethayo. Sinentsilelo kuphela ngenxa yokuba ngubani ohlawulayo kwaye ngubani ongahlawulisi malini kwirhafu kwaye ngubani ofumana imali engakanani kwinkcitho karhulumente.
Kufanele ukuba sixoxa ngokwamkeleka ngokwasentlalweni kweyantlukwano yongxowankulu phakathi kwabaqeshi nabasebenzi ebeka uxinzelelo oluyingozi oluchasene nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente. Ukuba besineengxoxo ezinjalo kunye nenkqubo yedemokhrasi yokuthatha isigqibo ngabo e-United States, iintsilelo kunye neziphumo zazo bezinokuthi zithintelwe. Kodwa ayizange yenzeke loo nto. Endaweni yoko, iingxoxo eziphambili malunga nokusilela zicingele nje imfuneko yazo. Ezo ngxoxo-mpikiswano ke zigxininisa kubungakanani beentsilelo-ukuba inkulu xa ithelekiswa nencinci ingcono-kunokuba kutheni zikhona kwaye ngubani ozuza kuzo. Akumangalisi ukuba ezo ngxoxo zingazange ziyisombulule ingxaki yokusilela; basebenze endaweni yokufihla umba osisiseko malunga nokuba ngubani ohlawulayo kwaye ngubani oxhamlayo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente kwimibutho yongxowankulu.
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