Umthombo: I-Intercept
Ngokuvutha amadangatye ezantsi kwidolophu ekude yaseCalifornia eSusanville ngo-Agasti ka-2021, abahlali babelungiselela ukuphuma. I-Dixie Fire, idangatye lesibini ngobukhulu kwilizwe, sele lisenza umonakalo kwishishini eliphambili edolophini: iintolongo ezimbini zombuso, nganye inamandla kumawaka, ebiza uSusanville ekhaya. Umlilo wasendle uye wakhupha iintambo zombane ezibonelela ngeentolongo, kunye neC-Yard yeZiko loLuleko yaseCalifornia ibethe kakhulu: Ijenereyitha yogcino lweziko ayiphumelelanga, kwaye abantu ababevalelwe apho bebengenazibane phantse inyanga.
Akukho mandla athetha ukuba akukho kupheka, akukho mabonwakude wokubonelela ngesiphazamiso. Ixesha legumbi leentsuku zoluntu lachithwa. Amabanjwa ayengafane afowunele abantu abathandayo. Izindlu zangasese zayeka ukusebenza iiyure ngexesha, kwaye iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya zaziya kuhla njengoko umsi wawungena kwindawo, ngokutsho kwabantu ababini ababevalelwe ngelo xesha. (Igosa lentolongo yaseCalifornia lathi eli ziko โlisebenza ngamandla apheleleyo.โ)
Ngoku, xa uMlilo weDixie usondela, abantu ababevalelwe kwi-C-Yard bavalelwa kwizisele zabo ezimnyama nezinomsi. Iingcango zeeseli, ezihlala zisebenza ngombane, kwezinye iimeko zazitshixwa ngoonogada, ngokutsho kwendoda eyayivalelwe e-C-Yard, ecele ukungaziwa igama layo ukunqanda impindezelo. Wathi oonogada bazikhaba ngawo omane iinkxalabo zamabanjwa ngendlela yokuvula amaqhaga ukuba amadangatye afika kwisakhiwo sentolongo: โIi-COs zazisihleka zize zisixelele ukuba, โNiza kuhlala kwisisele sakho.โโ
Akukho mntu kwi-C-Yard, izakhiwo ezihlanu ezakhelwe ukuhlala amakhulu abantu, wayenombono wokuba, nini, okanye baya kuphuma njani ukuba amadangatye angena kwikhampasi yentolongo. โAsizange sibe nazo naziphi na iindlela zokufuduka,โ utshilo uJoseph Vejar, ibanjwa kwiZiko loLuleko laseCalifornia owayesebenza njengosihlalo webhunga leengcebiso zamabanjwa; uthi uxoxe ngomlilo kunye nokusilela kwejenereyitha kunye namagosa entolongo. UVejar uthe akazange aboniswe zinkcukacha zemithetho yentolongo engxamisekileyo: โAndizange ndive ukuba banesicwangciso sokuphuma.
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi kwiindawo ezisongelwa yimililo yasendle inokubaleka - abanye abahlali kwindawo yaseSusanville benza ngo-Agasti ophelileyo - abantu abavalelweyo, ngokwenkcazo, abanalo ulawulo kwiintshukumo zabo. Endaweni yoko bakwinceba yombuso.
Akukho naziphi na iinkcukacha malunga nezicwangciso zokufuduka, amabanjwa kunye nabameli bawo kulo lonke elaseKhalifoniya bayathandabuza ukuba kukho amalungiselelo anentsingiselo.
ESusanville, isiganeko somlilo sabonwa kwangaphambili. Ukusebenzisa idatha yeNkonzo yeHlathi yase-US, i-Intercept yenza imephu yomngcipheko womlilo wasendle ngokuchasene neendawo ezingaphezu kwe-6,500 yeentolongo, iintolongo, kunye namaziko okuvalela okuFudukela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweCustoms adweliswe kwirejista yeSebe lezoKhuseleko lwelizwe lika-2020. Uhlalutyo lubonise ukuba iZiko loLuleko laseCalifornia liwela kwi-90 yepesenti yengozi yomlilo wehlathi esizweni.
Ngobubanzi bayo obukhulu, abantu abaninzi, kunye nemozulu eshushu, neyomileyo, iCalifornia yeyona ndawo ineendawo zokuvalela kumanqanaba aphezulu asemngciphekweni: Malunga nesinye kwisihlanu samaziko karhulumente angaphezulu kwepesenti ezingama-95, ngokohlalutyo lwe-Intercept. (Ubalo lubandakanya isibini seshumi elinesibini leenkampu zomlilo ezincinci, apho abacimi-mlilo abavalelweyo baqeqeshwa kwaye basebenza, ngoyilo kwezona ndawo zithandwa ngumlilo.)
Ngeli xesha, imililo yasendle eCalifornia iye yanda kakhulu - inkulu kwaye iyonakalisa ngakumbi, kunye nexesha lomlilo ngalinye liza ngaphambili kunelokugqibela. Ukufudumala kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nembalela ethe yaqalwa nengxaki yemozulu idala indawo ebharhileyo, eshiya umhlaba ulungele ukuvutha.
"Inkqubo yentolongo yaseCalifornia kufuneka ibone ezona ntolongo zisemngciphekweni omkhulu," utshilo uJoe Scott, umphandi womlilo wasendle, "kwaye wenze isicwangciso."
Kwi-imeyile, uTerry Thornton, usekela unobhala weendaba kwiSebe laseCalifornia loLungiso kunye noBuyiselo, elisebenza phantsi kolawulo lukaGavin Newsom, uthe i-arhente iphonononga rhoqo kwaye ihlaziya iiprothokholi ezingxamisekileyo, kubandakanywa nezicwangciso zokuphuma, kwintolongo nganye. "Ngenxa yeempawu zokwakha ezininzi zeentolongo zethu kunye neenkampu, ukuguqulwa kokulawulwa kwepetroli, i-fire brigades, kunye nokucwangcisa, iintolongo zethu ezininzi zilungiselelwe kakuhle nayiphi na ingozi yomlilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiphi indawo," watsho. . UThornton walile ukwabelana ngazo naziphi na iinkcukacha "ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko nokhuseleko."
Ebuzwa ukuba ngaba inkqubo yentolongo ihlalutye umngcipheko womlilo wasendle kumaziko, uThornton uthe iOfisi yeRhuluneli yaseCalifornia yeeNkonzo eziNgxamisekileyo "iphuhlisa kwaye igcine ukucwangciswa, ukulungela, ukuthintela, ukusabela kunye neendlela zokubuyisela kwakhona." UBrian Ferguson, osisithethi sale ofisi, uthe iSebe lezoLuleko noBuyiselo linoxanduva lokuchonga imingcipheko kwiintolongo. โUkuthathwa kwethu ngokubanzi,โ utshilo, โyonke indawo eCarlifonia lilizwe lomlilo wasendle ngo-2022.โ
UScott uye waba ukuphanda kunye nokwenza imodeli yokuziphatha komlilo wasendle ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1980, xa umsebenzi โyawuyi-esoteric backwater yamahlathi ekungekho mntu uyikhathaleleyo.โ Kwi-2004, uScott wasungula i-Pyrologix, inkampani yophando esekelwe e-Missoula, e-Montana, ehlola izisongelo zomlilo. Emva kwe eyona ibulala kakhulu kwaye eyonakalisayo amaxesha omlilo wasendle kwirekhodi kwi-2017 kunye ne-2018, iCongress yadlulisela umthetho obiza ukuhlolwa kwelizwe lonke malunga neengozi ezibangelwa yimililo yasendle; INkonzo yeHlathi yase-US yaqesha inkampani yaseScott.
UScott kunye neqela lakhe bazimisele ukuphuhlisa i-dataset enokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubeka phambili ulawulo lwamafutha ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume umlilo kunye nempendulo emva kokuba yenze. Ukufumanisa ezona ndawo zinomngcipheko omkhulu, bajonga zombini amathuba okuba indawo iya kutsha kuwo nawuphi na unyaka kunye nokubakho komlilo otshisayo. Baphinde bahlela idatha ngoxinaniso lwezindlu ukuchonga iindawo apho amanani agxininisiweyo abantu anokujongana nemililo.
โAndiboni naphina kwilizwe apho umngcipheko wehla khona. Ithe tyaba okanye inyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.โ
Njengoko babedibanisa idatha, uScott kunye neqela lakhe baqaphela into ethile: iipatches zezindlu ezixinene kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude ezazivame ukutsha. Ekuqaleni wakrokrela uhlobo oluthile lwempazamo kwimodeli. Njengoko wayetyhutyha indawo nganye, wamangaliswa kukufumana indawo yogcino-ntliziyo. UScott wathi: โNgalo lonke ixesha ndijonga, yinkampu yentolongo, indawo yokuvalela abantwana, intolongo.โ
Idatha yomlilo weNkonzo yeHlathi, leyo i-Intercept esetyenzisiweyo kuhlalutyo lomngcipheko wogcino lwendawo yokuvalelwa, ayichazi ngokupheleleyo indlela umlilo oguquka ngayo. Uvavanyo lwayo lusekwe kwiirekhodi zembali ezigubungela i-1992 ukuya kwi-2015-ingabandakanyi, umzekelo, i-Northern California ivutha ngo-Okthobha 2017 okanye imililo etyhutyhe iPacific Northwest kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Imililo ka-2017 inyanzelise abaphandi abafana noScott ukuba baphinde bacinge ngokutshintsha ukuziphatha komlilo wasendle. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba inani โiintsuku zemozulu yomliloโ - ebonakaliswa ngokudibanisa ubushushu, imimoya enamandla, kunye ukufuma okuphantsi - ziyanda ukusuka e-Oregon ukuya eTexas ukuya e-Oklahoma.
โAndiboni naphina kwilizwe apho umngcipheko wehla khona,โ utshilo uScott. "Inokuba ithe tyaba okanye inyuka kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza okukhulu."
"Ndicinga ukuba sinokucinga ukuba imililo izakuqhubeka rhoqo ngoku kwaye ngoku iza kuhlala ingapheliyo."
Uhlalutyo lwe-Intercept lufumanise ukuba uninzi lwezona ndawo zithandwa ngumlilo zigxile eMelika eNtshona. Kuzo zombini i-Idaho kunye ne-Nevada, ngaphezu kwekota yeendawo zokuvalelwa zikwelona nqanaba liphezulu lengozi.
Emva koko kukho iindawo eziyingozi ezingalindelekanga. IFlorida ineendawo ezininzi ezilawulwa ngurhulumente ezijongene nomngcipheko omkhulu womlilo wasendle kuneCalifornia kwaye likhaya lelona ziko lisemngciphekweni omkhulu kwilizwe elinomthamo wabantu abangaphezu kwe-1,000: iZiko loLuleko lase-Everglades. Ayingomcimbi wokoma - intolongo karhulumente ihleli kufutshane nomgxobhozo wetropiki - kodwa uhlaza olukufutshane luyatsha kangangokuba imililo inokuhamba phezu kwamanzi. Isibonelelo siye sakhutshwa 2008 ngenxa yemililo yasendle; kwafika amadangatye kufutshane ngokuyingozi ngo-2017 kwaye kwakhona Intwasahlobo edlulileyo.
"Ndicinga ukuba sinokucinga ukuba imililo iya kuqhubeka rhoqo ngoku kwaye ngoku izakuba yinto engapheliyo," utshilo uWoods Ervin, osebenza nomfelandawonye weCalifornians United kuHlahlo lwabiwo mali oluneResponsible, iqela eliphantsi kwelizwe elityhala iCalifornia ukuba ivale iintolongo. . "Zonke iimpawu zikhomba ukuba iintolongo azisebenzi, kwaye ke kufuneka sicinge enye into, kuba ayinakwenzeka."
"Imeko yangoku 'yokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi' e-US ikhokelele kubunzima obugcweleyo bezinto zokusebenza ngokwezenzo zikaxakeka."
Inani elikhulu lamabanjwa kwizibonelelo zaseCarlifonia ezihlala zixinene lidala isithintelo esinamandla sokuba urhulumente welizwe athathe amanyathelo. "Imeko yangoku 'yokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi' e-US ikhokelele kubusuku obugcweleyo bezinto zokusebenza malunga nezenzo ezingxamisekileyo, okwenza ukuba isigqibo sokuphuma sibonakale singenakwenzeka," UCarlee Purdum, ingcali kwimpembelelo yeentlekele kubantu abavalelwe kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas A&M, wabhala incwadi yakutshanje.
Ukukhutshwa kwabantu entolongweni kuhlala kungahambi kakuhle. Xa i-Oregon yafuduswa kwiintolongo ezazisondela kumlilo wasendle ngo-2020, abantu abavalelweyo umbiko ukushiywa ngaphandle ngokwaneleyo ukutya, amanzi, amagumbi okuhlambela, kunye nokhuselo lwe-Covid-19. Abanye abazange bakwazi ukufikelela kumayeza ababewafuna. Abanye baxele ukuba babekwe kwiindawo ecaleni - kunye nokujongana ukuziphindezela ukusuka - amalungu emigewu yabo yangaphambili.
Ngesantya apho imililo yasendle isiya isiba nkulu ngokumangalisayo kwaye isiba mandundu ngakumbi, iSebe leNewsom loLuleko kunye nokuBuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili liye lathatha i-flak kubameli ngokungazilungiselelanga imeko yemozulu enzulu kwiintolongo zikarhulumente, iintolongo, kunye namaziko ogcino.
I-Transgender Gender-Variant & Intersex Justice Project, iqela elikhuthazayo elaziwa ngokuba yiProjekthi yezoBulungisa ye-TGI, ifuna ukuba iCalifornia yenze izikhokelo malunga noko kufuneka kwenzeke xa iintolongo ziphuma. I-Newsom ayikaphenduli.
Ingxelo yakutsha nje yeOfisi yoMhlalutyi wowiso-mthetho, iqumrhu likarhulumente elinika abenzi bomthetho iingcebiso zomgaqo-nkqubo, ithe iyakuthatha phantse. $ 20 billion ukusombulula uluhlu olupheleleyo lweengxaki zeziseko ezingundoqo ezichongiweyo ngamagosa entolongo - iyonke enganikeli ngxelo ngokupheleleyo ngeendleko zokuziqhelanisa nemozulu. (Ingxelo ye-arhente ayikhankanyi imililo yasendle, ngaphandle kokubhekisa kubantu abavalelweyo abasebenza njengabacimi-mlilo.)
Ngokuhla kwamanani ezintolongweni, iOfisi yoMhlalutyi wowiso-mthetho nayo yaba nenye cebiso: Vala ezinye iintolongo. Abaququzeleli nabaseCalifornians baManyene kuHlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluneNxaxheba ufuna ngaphezulu. Ingxaki yemozulu yenze ukuba umda wezidingo zeziseko zophuhliso ungabinangxaki, bathi, ukulungiswa kufuneka kube njalo ncitshiswa ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, abaququzeleli batyhala iCalifornia ukuba ivale iintolongo ezili-10 kwaye ikhulule abantu abangama-50,000.
Izivalo ezimbini sele zifakwe ngepensile ngaphakathi April 2021, Ulawulo lweNewsom lubhengeze ukuba luya kuvala iZiko loLuleko lwaseCalifornia ngoJuni 2022. Idolophu, uqoqosho lwayo luxhomekeke kwiziko, yamangalela kwaye yaphumelela. uphawu, ukumisa inkqubo okwangoku.
UVejar, owayesakuba yintloko yebhunga leengcebiso zamabanjwa e-C-Yard, nowakhululwa ngoNovemba, uthe amagosa entolongo amxelela ukuba ijeneretha yokuxhasa eyoyisakalayo ibifuna ukulungiswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Evala iZiko loLuleko laseCalifornia, uthe, bekulixesha: "Ndicinga ukuba benza le nto bebefanele ukuba kudala beyenza kwaye bayivale."
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela