Umbutho wamaFama eIndiya ukhuthaze izigidi kwihlabathi liphela ezilwela ubulungisa, idemokhrasi kunye nomanyano. Amafama abambelela ngokuqinileyo kwiisoyikiso, izoyikiso kunye neepropaganda ezingapheliyo, kwaye anyanzela urhulumente weModi ukuba arhoxise amatyala asefama. Olu lolona loyiso lumangalisayo lwabantu abaqhelekileyo ngokuchasene nohlaselo oludityanisiweyo lwamandla eshishini kunye norhulumente, ebonisa ukuba umzabalazo ozimiseleyo unokuyoyisa eyona mikhosi inamandla.
Ngomhla we-19 kuNovemba ka-2021 uRhulumente waseIndiya wabhengeza ukuba iMithetho eYilwayo yeFama emithathu enosukuzwano kakhulu eyaziswa ngoJuni ka-2020 iya kubhangiswa. Urhulumente wazisa imithetho kwiinyanga zokuqala zentlekele ye-Covid-19, xa amathuba engxoxo yoluntu kunye nedemokhrasi ayenqongophele kakhulu. Imithetho, ukusabela okubonakalayo kwingxaki yexesha elide kunye nebhalwe kakuhle yezolimo eIndiya, yaziswa. ngaphandle kokubonisana kunye nokutyeshela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zepalamente. Nangona kunjalo, amafama aseIndiya aphikisa ngelithi imithetho iyakujongela phantsi ubomi bawo ngokususa izixhaso zamaxabiso, kupheliswe ukhuseleko (olulinganiselwe kakhulu) olushiyekileyo emva kwamashumi eminyaka ohlaziyo lweneoliberal, kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lweshishini lwezolimo. Ukuwiswa kwale mithetho kwanika ingcebiso ngoqhanqalazo olukhulu lwe umlinganiselo ongakholelekiyo. Phantse Kwafa amafama angama-700 kolu qhankqalazo luphawulekayo, ngoxa amawaka angakumbi abanjwa.
Olu hlanganiso lukhanyise ithemba kwimizabalazo echasene nolawulo-melo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye lubonise ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kobumbano kunye nokwakhiwa kwentshukumo eyenza umanyano kunye nokumanyanisa abantu basemaphandleni nabasezidolophini kwiinkolo ezahlukeneyo, imimandla, iindidi, izini kunye neentlanga. Imele uloyiso olukhulu kumbandela ophambili wezopolitiko. Kwangaxeshanye, icandelo lezolimo laseIndiya lisengxakini. Nyaka ngamnye amashumi amawaka amafama kunye nabasebenzi bezolimo zibulale, ngaphezu kwe-50% yamakhaya ezolimo basematyaleni, kunye namafama amancinane athwele owona mthwalo unzima kumlo ochasene namaqumrhu anamandla.
Kulo mongo, Khululeka kwaye i ULawulo lokuTya kunye neQela lobuLungisa beZibonelelo ye Iforamu yabantu baseAsia-Yurophu, uthungelwano lwemimandla yeentshukumo zoluntu oluqhubela phambili, luququzelele i-webinar enamanani aphambili asuka kwiintshukumo zamafama aseIndiya nakwihlabathi jikelele ukuqonda ngcono uloyiso olumangalisayo kunye nezinto ezikhokelela kulo, nokuqalisa ukuphonononga umbuzo othi “yintoni (isekhona ) kuzakwenzeka?" Ukurekhodwa okupheleleyo kwewebhu yewebhu kufumaneka ngezantsi, kodwa eli nqaku linika inkcazo emfutshane yamanqaku athile abalulekileyo.
Darshan Pal
Umongameli weManyano yaseKantikari Kisan
Intshukumo ka-2020 kukuqhubekeka kweentshukumo zangaphambili ekukhuseleni ubuncinci bexabiso lenkxaso yeemveliso zezolimo kunye nenkululeko yokungabi namatyala, eyakhokelela, ngo-2017, ekusekweni kweKomiti yoLungelelaniso yase-India Kisan Sangharsh (AIKSCC). Kulo mxholo, amafama akhawuleza abona ukuba amatyala okulima aphunyeziweyo ngoSeptemba 2020 aza kuvula indlela yokuhluthwa komhlaba oshishineyo (wasefama). Uqhushululu lwaqala kuqala kumazwe aseMantla anje ngePunjab kunye neHaryana, ebandakanya bonke abantu, kwaye ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha wama-2020 umngcelele omkhulu osingise eDelhi wawuqhubeka. Ngomhla we-7 kuNovemba, imibutho yamafama yaseka iSamyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM, okanye 'United Farmers Front').
UDarshan Pal wachaza, emva kokuvala ikomkhulu, imibutho yamafama kulo lonke ilizwe ibandakanyeke kwiingxoxo ezinzulu norhulumente. Le yokugqibela yala ukuyirhoxisa imithetho, kwaye yaqinisa ingcinezelo yayo kunye namaphulo okugunyazisa umbutho. Nangona kunjalo, amafama ahlala emanyene, nangona kukho konke ukungafani kwezentlalo, indawo, i-caste kunye nenkolo phakathi kwabo, kwaye ekugqibeleni babonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukumelana noRhulumente. Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, intshukumo yavelisa ubulumko obuhlangeneyo obunokukhokela imizabalazo yexesha elizayo.
Ashok Dhawale
Umongameli kaZwelonke walo lonke elaseIndiya uKisan Sabha, imanyano yamafama, emanyene neQela lamaKomanisi laseIndiya (uMarxist)
I-Indiya ibikwingxaki yezolimo amashumi eminyaka, isenziwa mandundu yimigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal ukusukela ngoo-1990. Ukususela ngo-1995-2020, ngaphezu kwama-400,000 amafama aye anyanzeleka ukuba azibulale ngenxa yokuba netyala. Kwaba bali-100,000 bazibulele kule minyaka isi-7 idlulileyo. Imithetho evunyiweyo iya kuyenza mandundu le meko kuphela: yayingengomlimi kuphela, kodwa yayichasene nabantu ngokubanzi kunye ne-pro-corporate. Ukuba beziphunyeziwe ngebezise isiphelo “sexabiso eliphantsi lenkxaso” kunye nenkqubo yonke yokusasazwa koluntu, apho abantu abazizigidi ezingama-810 baxhomekeke kuyo.
U-Ashok Dhawale uchonge izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni kwentshukumo: ubunye bayo obugqwesileyo, obulamlwa yi-SKM; inkxaso esebenzayo yeemanyano zabasebenzi ezikumbindi kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi; kunye nokungakhathali kwawo ngokwenkolo, okuhlanganisa zonke iintlanga, iilwimi kunye neenkolo. Yajongana nemiceli mngeni emikhulu, ukusuka kubhubhani we-Covid-19 ukuya kwingcinezelo yombuso ekhohlakeleyo, eyabulala amafama angama-715 (i-15 kuwo ngokubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo komphathiswa welizwe), kunye nongcoliso olukhulu. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke loo nto, umzabalazo wahlala useluxolweni ngokupheleleyo, unyanisekile ekungabinabundlobongela. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, umzabalazo wabo wawujoliswe ngokuphandle ngokuchasene namaqumrhu, i-neoliberalism, impiriyali, urhulumente. Sele ikwazile ukuchaphazela unyulo lukarhulumente kwaye i-SKM iyatyhala iwuphakamisa lo mba kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ngokubanzi, umbutho unike inkuthazo ebifuneka kakhulu kubantu baseIndiya, ebonisa ukuba umzabalazo omkhulu unokukhokelela kuloyiso. Siya kuphumelela, ukuba sinobuganga bokuphumelela.
UMorgan Ody
UMququzeleli Jikelele, uLa Vía Campesina
UMorgan Ody ugxininise ukuba amalungu eLa Via Campesina kwihlabathi jikelele achukumiseke kakhulu yintshukumo yamafama eIndiya. Zonke iintshukumo zamafama zimalunga nempilo ejongene ne-capitalism, eyona nto imalunga nokubanjwa kwenkampani - incedwa ngamaziko afana ne-WTO - malunga nokuqokelela ubutyebi ngokuchasene nabantu. Ukanti, iintshukumo ziyayiphumelela imizabalazo emininzi, nkqu nakubachasi abanamandla ngolo hlobo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iLa Via Campesina kunye neentshukumo ezidibeneyo bezihambela phambili Ulongamo Lokutya njengenye indlela yeenkqubo zokutya ezilawulwa yinkampani kunye nengeniso, kwaye le ngcamango iye yazuza umhlaba kwaye yanceda ukudibanisa izigidi zabantu ukukhusela iinkqubo zokutya ezilawulwa ngentando yesininzi.
Nangona kunjalo, unyamezelo oluninzi kunye nokuzinza kuyafuneka. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzabalazo wamaIndiya, umanyano lukwabalulekile, ngakumbi ngeentshukumo zokusingqongileyo. Sikwafuna amaqhinga ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizibongozo, uqhanqalazo, kunye namanyathelo asemthethweni ukuya ekungathobelini uluntu. Imibuzo ephambili kwintshukumo yaseIndiya yile: silwenza njani olu loyiso lube linyathelo lokumisa inkululeko kunye nokupheliswa korhwebo?; siqinisekisa njani ukuba siyalisebenzisa eli thuba lomzabalazo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe ukomeleza ulawulo lokutya? Kufuneka sidibanise imizabalazo yethu yasekhaya, yelizwe kunye neyezizwe ngezizwe ukuze sijongane nemidla yenkampani kwaye siphumelele.
Amarjeet Kaur
UNobhala Jikelele, kwiNkongolo yeManyano yoRhwebo yaseIndiya
Uqhanqalazo lwamafama angama-2020 ukuya kowama-2021 ngomnye umzekelo kwimbali ende yaseIndiya yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu basezilalini nabasebenza ezidolophini. U-Amarjeet Kaur wabalaselisa ezinye izifundo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwaphawulwa: lumanyano olubanzi kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zabantu abasebenza kubandakanywa abasebenzi nabalimi; impendulo enoxolo; ukuvuleleka okuqhubekayo kwiingxoxo norhulumente nabanye; inkxaso emangalisayo evela kumagcisa kunye neemvumi eziguqule imisebenzi yaba ziindawo zokuyilwa kwenkcubeko; ukwenza izinto elubala kunye nentlanganisela, ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ngedemokhrasi ezivumele imiyalezo kunye nezicwangciso ezimanyeneyo; ukugxininisa kwimizabalazo yabasetyhini nabasetyhini kungekuphela nje ngokuxambulisana kodwa ekusebenzeni nasekuququzeleleni; ukubandakanya abantu bazo zonke iindidi zeminyaka; ngokucetywayo ukucela imbali yenkululeko kunye nemizabalazo yobulungisa kwezentlalo e-Indiya kubandakanywa neentsuku zentshukumo kubhiyozelwa abahlaziyi abaphambili bembali, ukunceda ukuzuza inkxaso yoluntu ngokubanzi; umyalezo ongundoqo owawulula, ucacileyo, nonokuqondwa nguye nabani na; ukubonelelwa ngokutya nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko mihla le kungekuphela nje kubaxhasi kodwa kuye wonke umntu ongaphakathi nakwiinkampu ezikufutshane; inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphendula kunye nokungafihli ekusetyenzisweni kweemali; kunye nonxibelelwano olomeleleyo kunye nephiko leendaba zosasazo eziye zanceda ukuchasana neeakhawunti zeendaba eziphambili kunye nokubumba usasazo lweendaba zehlabathi.
Umanyano lomzabalazo aluzange luzenzekele. Kwakuyisiphumo sokwakha ubudlelwane bexesha elide, imizabalazo ekwabelwana ngayo ngokwembali, kunye nomsebenzi obambekayo wokuchonga ii-ajenda ekwabelwana ngazo kunye neziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya ukuchasana noshishino, ukuchasana noshishino lwabucala, kunye nezikhundla zedemokhrasi. Ingcinezelo karhulumente kunye ne-neoliberalism zigrogrisa abalimi kunye nabasebenzi. Nangona kuye kwakho uloyiso olukhulu, kusekuninzi okusamele kwenziwe. Izifundo ezininzi ezivela kulo mbutho zinokunceda ukuqinisa kunye nokukhokela imizabalazo yexesha elizayo, ukwakha kuluntu lwentando yesininzi kunye nokulingana kubo bonke abantu abasebenzayo.
Intetho kaHashim bin Rashid
Umphandi we-SOAS kumzabalazo wamafama ePakistan / Ilungu leKomiti yasePakistan yaseKisan Rabita
Uloyiso lwentshukumo yabalimi eIndiya iza emva kwamashumi eminyaka yosoyikiso lukarhulumente kunye nentengiso. Nangona umbutho wamafama uphumelele mva nje, inkululeko yasemaphandleni ayikabi yinyani, kwaye ukuyiphumeza, imingeni ekhoyo kwezolimo kufuneka isonjululwe. UHashim bin Rashid ubona le mingeni njengoko iwela kumaqela amathathu aphambili. Okokuqala, ulwabiwo olungalinganiyo lweenzuzo ezivela kwiimarike zezolimo. Ngokwembali, intshukumo yabalimi igxile kwilungelo lomhlaba, lisabalulekile nanamhlanje. Ngokuka-bin Rashid, intshukumo yamafama kufuneka ivume ukuba iimarike zasemaphandleni ziyindawo ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko zasemaphandleni, ngenxa yesikhundla sabo esiphambili njengabalamli be-surplus yezolimo. Okwesibini, imfuneko yokunqanda ulimo olungazinzanga. Kutshanje, iziphumo zendalo kushishino lwezolimo, malunga nokutshatyalaliswa komhlaba kunye nokuphila, sele ziqalisile ukuqatshelwa. Ngale ndlela, izenzo zexesha elizayo zezolimo kufuneka zigcineke kwaye zikhathalele umhlaba. Okokugqibela, umba wokungakwazi ukufikelela okanye ubunini bomhlaba. Kutshanje, imibutho yaseMzantsi Asia iphinda iwuphakamise umba wokungabinamhlaba kwaye ixoxa ngemiba yabasebenzi basezidolophini nasemaphandleni ngokwembono yasemaphandleni. Iingxoxo zexesha elizayo ngezolimo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo zombini ilungelo lomhlaba kunye nelungelo lomsebenzi endilisekileyo. Umbutho wabalimi uzibonakalisile ukomelela kwawo, ujongene nolawulo olugunyazisiweyo kunye nokwakha amagunya asezantsi. Umsebenzi ophambi kwawo ngoku kukuchaza umbono ohambelanayo nome wenkululeko othi ujongane nemingeni enxibeleleneyo yeemarike, i-ikholoji kunye nomhlaba.
isiphelo
Umbutho wamafama e-Indiya umele imvukelo echasene nokungalingani okuveliswe yiniyoliberalism, ubungxowankulu kunye nama impiriyali kuMzantsi weHlabathi. Ezi zifo zasekuhlaleni, zenziwa mandundu ngubhubhani we-COVID-19, yinxalenye yenkqubo enye ekufuneka iliwe ngawo onke amacandelo oluntu kunye. Ukuqhubekeka, umbutho kufuneka ujonge ezinye iindlela zabantu abacinezelekileyo nabajongelwe phantsi abasebenzi abasezidolophini nabasemaphandleni. Oku kuthetha ukwakha iintshukumo ezibanzi kunye nentsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwemibutho yabalimi, imibutho yabasebenzi, imibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye nawo onke amanye amacandelo oluntu lwaseIndiya. Kukwathetha ukuqhubeka nokucacisa umbono ekwabelwana ngawo wekamva lenkululeko yomntu wonke, ngokuchasene nolawulo longxowankulu oluqhutywa ziinkampani, ngoozwilakhe, olutshabalalisa ngokwendalo neoliberal. Uninzi lweenkcukacha zalo mbono, kunye nokuba kuya kubonakala njani kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantu abasebenzayo abajongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo kwiimeko kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo, kuya kuhlala kubonakala. Kodwa umanyano, idemokhrasi, kunye namandla okuhlanganisa amafama kuya kunceda ekukhanyiseni indlela.
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Nikela