Umthombo: Iipateni zeNgcaciso
eSantiago, eChile. Nge-20 ka-Okthobha ka-2019. Njengoko ixesha elitsha lokufika ekhaya likhutshiwe ngumkhosi, abantu bahlanganisana phantse kuzo zonke iipaki okanye isikwere esixekweni ukuze baqhankqalaze ngoxolo ngokuchasene ne-neoliberalism.
Ifoto ngu-Ignacio Bustamante/Shutterstock.com
Cinga ngakumbi
Nokuba yintoni onokucinga ngayo malunga neempembelelo zexesha elide zobhubhani we-coronavirus, mhlawumbi awucingi ukuba mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.
Ubomi bethu sele bubunjwe ngokutsha ngendlela emangalisayo kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kangangokuba kunzima ukubona ngaphaya komjikelo weendaba olandelayo. Sijonge ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho esikwaziyo sonke ukuba kulapha, sizibuza ukuba ukuvalwa kuya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani, kwaye sithandazela ukuba abantu esibathandayo baphumelele.
Kodwa, ngendlela efanayo naleyo i-Covid-19 isasazeka ngayo, kufuneka sicinge ngokuthe ngqo malunga nefuthe layo lexesha elide kwinkcubeko nakuluntu lwethu. Unyaka okanye emibini ukusuka ngoku, intsholongwane ngokwayo iya kuba yinxalenye elawulekayo yobomi bethu - unyango olusebenzayo luya kuba luvele; isitofu sokugonya siya kufumaneka. Kodwa impembelelo ye-coronavirus kwimpucuko yethu yehlabathi iya kuba yenzeka nje. Iziphazamiso ezinkulu esele sizibona kubomi bethu zizibhengezo zokuqala zenguqu eyimbali kwezopolitiko nezentlalo.
Ukuba i-Covid-19 ibisasazeke kwihlabathi elizinzileyo nelomeleleyo, impembelelo yayo inokuba ngequbuliso kodwa iqulethwe. Iinkokeli ziya kudibana kunye; uqoqosho lwaphazamiseka okwexeshana; abantu baya kwenza ixeshana ngeemeko ezitshintshileyo-kwaye emva kokothuka, bajonge phambili ekubuyeleni kwesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ayililo ihlabathi esiphila kulo. Endaweni yoko, le coronavirus ityhila iziphene zenkqubo ebibhalwe amaphepha angamashumi eminyaka njengoko ibisiya isiba mandundu. Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, ukutshabalalisa kwendalo kunye nokonakala kwezopolitiko okugqugqisileyo iziphumo zeenkqubo ezingalungelelananga ukuthembela omnye komnye ukuze bahlale bezolile. Ngoku, njengoko inkqubo enye ingazinzi, lindela ukuba abanye bawe phantsi kwi-tandem kwi-cascade eyaziwa ngabaphandi njenge "ukusilela kongqamaniso. "
Iimpawu zokuqala zolu kuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo zisaqala ukubonakala. Uqoqosho lwethu lwehlabathi luxhomekeke kuyo nje-ngexesha inventory kwimveliso ephezulu kakhulu. Njengoko amakhonkco obonelelo ephazamiseka ngokuvalwa kwefektri kunye nokuvalwa kwemida, ukunqongophala kwezinto zasekhaya, amayeza, kunye nokutya kuya kuqalisa ukuvela, okukhokelela kwimijikelo yokuthenga eyoyikisayo eya kuyenza mandundu imeko. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi lungena ekuwohlokeni inokodlula ubukhali yoKuDodobala Okukhulu. Inkqubo yezopolitiko yezizwe ngezizwe - esele ikwintambo kunye ne-Trump's "America First" xenophobia kunye neBrexit fiasco - kusenokwenzeka ukuba tyhila ngakumbi, njengempembelelo yehlabathi yeetanki zase-United States ngelixa amandla aseTshayina esomeleza. Ngeli xesha, iGlobal South, apho i-Covid-19 isaqala ukuziva, inokujongana nokuphazamiseka isikali esikhulu kakhulu kuneGlobal North etyebileyo.
Ifestile yeOverton
Ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, kuzo zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokulungelelanisa uluntu, kukho uluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwezimvo ezithathwa njengezamkelekileyo kwingxoxo yezopolitiko yesiqhelo - eyaziwa ngokuba Ifestile yeOverton. I-Covid-19 ivuthele ifestile yase-Overton yavuleka. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, siye sabona iingcamango zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho zixoxwa ngokunzulu ebezikade zigxothiwe njengezentelekelelo okanye ezingamkelekanga kwaphela: ingeniso esisiseko yehlabathi jikelele, ungenelelo lukarhulumente lokuhlalisa abantu abangenamakhaya, kunye nokubeka iliso kurhulumente kumsebenzi womntu ngamnye, ukubala nje abambalwa. . Kodwa khumbula - esi sisiqalo nje senkqubo eya kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga ezilandelayo.
Ingxaki enjengobhubhani we-coronavirus inendlela yokukhulisa kunye nokukhawulezisa utshintsho ebesele luqhubeka: utshintsho olunokuthi luthathe amashumi eminyaka lunokwenzeka kwiiveki. Njenge-crucible, inamandla okunyibilikisa izakhiwo ezikhoyo ngoku, kwaye zibunjwe ngokutsha, mhlawumbi ngokungaqondakali. Isenokukhangeleka njani imo entsha yoluntu? Iyakuba yintoni inqanaba eliphakathi kwifestile yeOverton xa iqala ukucutha kwakhona?
Umzekelo weMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Singena kumhlaba ongachazwanga, kodwa ukufumana imvakalelo yobungakanani benguqu kufuneka siqwalasele, kunceda ukujonga emva kwexesha lokugqibela ihlabathi liye lafumana i-spasm elinganayo yokutshintsha: iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.
Ilizwe langaphambi kwemfazwe lalilawulwa ngamakoloniyali aseYurophu azama ukugcina ubukhosi bawo. Idemokhrasi yenkululeko yayisiba mbi, lo gama ubufasi nobukomanisi babusenyuka, besilwela ukongama. Ukuphela koManyano Lwezizwe kwabonakala kungqineke kungenakwenzeka ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe. Ngaphambi kwePearl Harbour, iUnited States yayigcina umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzahlula, kwaye kwiminyaka yokuqala yemfazwe, abantu abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba yayingumcimbi nje wexesha ngaphambi kokuba uHitler kunye namagunya ase-Axis ahlasele iBritani aze athathe ulawulo olupheleleyo lweYurophu.
Kwiminyaka embalwa, ihlabathi yayingafane yaziwe. Njengoko uBukhosi baseBhritane bawohloka, i-geopolitics yayilawulwa yiMfazwe yoMlomo eyahlula ilizwe laba ziibloko ezimbini zezopolitiko phantsi kwesoyikiso esiqhubekayo seArmagedon yenyukliya. IYurophu yedemokhrasi yezentlalo yaseka umanyano lwezoqoqosho ekungekho mntu wayenokuyicinga ngaphambili. Ngeli xesha, i-US kunye namahlakani ayo aseke inkqubo yorhwebo lwehlabathi, kunye namaziko afana ne-IMF kunye neBhanki yehlabathi ebeka imimiselo malunga nendlela "ihlabathi elikhulayo" elinokuthi lithathe inxaxheba. Iqonga lalimiselwe "UkuKhawulezisa Okukhulu": kude nakude ukwanda okukhulu nokukhawulezayo Imisebenzi yabantu kwimbali kwinani elikhulu lemilinganiselo, kubandakanywa abemi behlabathi, urhwebo, uhambo, imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukuba utshintsho esiza kulwenza lulingana nolu, umbhali-mbali wexesha elizayo angalishwankathela njani ilizwe “langaphambi kwe-coronavirus” esele liza kunyamalala?
Ixesha leNeoliberal
Kukho ithuba elihle lokuba baya kulibiza eli xesha le-Neoliberal Era. Ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yee-1970, ihlabathi lasemva kwemfazwe laliphawulwe eNtshona ngolungelelwano olungakhululekanga phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala. Nangona kunjalo, emva "kothuso lwe-oyile" kunye nokunyuka kwe-oyile yelo xesha - okwathi ngelo xesha kwakumela olona phazamiseko lukhulu lwasemva kwemfazwe-imbono entsha i-neoliberalism yentengiso yasimahla yathatha indawo esembindini kwifestile yeOverton (ibinzana ngokwalo lathiywa ngumxhasi weniyoliberal).
Inkqubo yexabiso yeniyoliberalism, eyathi ke ngoko yazinziswa kwiingxoxo eziqhelekileyo zehlabathi, ibambe ukuba abantu bangumntu oyedwa, bayazingca, bathanda izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye ngenxa yoku, ubungxowankulu obungathintelekiyo borhwebo olukhululekileyo bubonelela ngesakhelo esingcono kulo lonke uhlobo lwemizamo yomntu. Ngolawulo lwabo lukarhulumente, imali, ishishini, kunye namajelo eendaba, abalandeli be-neoliberal baye baphumelela ekuguquleni ihlabathi libe yinkqubo esekelwe kwimarike yehlabathi, ukukhulula ulawulo lolawulo, ukwenza buthathaka iminatha yokhuseleko loluntu, ukunciphisa irhafu, kunye nokudiliza amandla omsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo.
Uloyiso lweniyoliberalism lukhokelele kowona kungalingani mkhulu embalini, apho (ngokusekwe kwiinkcukacha-manani zakutsha nje) amashumi amabini anesithandathu abantu abazizityebi behlabathi. nokuba nobutyebi obuninzi njengesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi liphela. Ivumele awona maqumrhu amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe ukuba aseke intambo phezu kwezinye iindlela zombutho, ngesiphumo sokuba, kwekhulu lezoqoqosho ezinkulu zehlabathi, amashumi amathandathu anesithoba ngamaqumrhu. Usukelo olungayekeleliyo lwengeniso kunye nokukhula koqoqosho ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into kuye kwaqhubela impucuko yoluntu kwindlela eyoyikekayo. Ingxaki yemozulu engalawulekiyo yeyona ngozi icacileyo: Iinkqubo zangoku zehlabathi sibeke endleleni ngaphezu kolwando olungaphezu kwe-3° ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane, yaye izazinzulu ngemozulu zipapasha izilumkiso ezothusayo zokuba ukwandisa impendulo yenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi ngaphezu kolu qikelelo, kwaye ngokunjalo indawo emngciphekweni kwa kanye ukuqhubeka kwempucuko yethu.
Kodwa nokuba imeko yemozulu ibilawulwa ngandlel' ithile, ukuqhubeka kokukhula koqoqosho okungaphazamisekiyo kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kuya kusenza sijongane nothotho lwezoyikiso ezikhoyo. Okwangoku, impucuko yethu iqhuba I-40% ngaphezu komthamo wayo ozinzileyo. Sitshabalalisa umhlaba ngokukhawuleza amahlathi, izilwanyana, inambuzane, Intlanzi, amanzi amanzi, nkqu umhlaba ongaphezulu sifuna ukukhulisa izityalo zethu. Sele sigqithile kwisithathu se imida yeplanethi elithoba ezichaza indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo yoluntu, ukanti iGDP yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ngaphezu kwesibini embindini wenkulungwane, eneziphumo ezinokuthi ziphinde zijikwe nezibi kakhulu.
Ngo-2017 ngaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu lamawaka oososayensi abavela kumazwe angama-184 ikhuphe isilumkiso esoyikekayo kuluntu ukuba ixesha liphelile: “Kungekudala kuya kuba semva kwexesha,” babhala njalo, “ukuba sisuke kwikhondo lethu elisilelayo.” Ziyaxhaswa ngurhulumente ovunyiweyo isibhengezo weIPCC exhaswa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ukuba sifuna “utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, oluye lwafikelela kude nolungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu” ukuze siphephe intlekele.
Noko ke, kwingxokozelo yokukhula koqoqosho, ezi zilumkiso azikhange zithotyelwe. Ngaba impembelelo ye-coronavirus iya kutshintsha nantoni na?
Inqaba Umhlaba
Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba, endaweni yokutshintsha indlela yethu yokusilela, ilizwe le-post-Covid-19 liya kuba lelinye apho amandla afanayo ngoku aqhubela ugqatso lwethu ukuya emngxunyeni abethelele ngakumbi amandla awo kunye nomgangatho wesantya esiya ngqo kwintlekele yehlabathi. iTshayina iye yanyenyisa imithetho yayo yendalo esingqongileyo ukonyusa imveliso njengoko izama ukuchacha ekuqhambukeni kwayo kokuqala kwe-coronavirus, kunye ne-US (ebizwa ngokuba yi-anachronistically) I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo yathatha ithuba lokujongana nale ngxaki ngokukhawuleza. ukunqumamisa ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yayo, ukuvumela iinkampani ukuba zingcolise kangangoko zifuna ukuba nje zinokubonisa unxulumano oluthile nobhubhane.
Kwinqanaba elikhulu, iinkokeli ezilambele amandla kwihlabathi liphela zithatha ithuba elikhawulezileyo lengxaki ukucinezela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye kwaye zihambise amazwe azo ngokukhawuleza kulawulo lolawulo. Inkokeli eyomeleleyo yaseHungary, uViktor Orban, ngokusemthethweni wabulala idemokhrasi kwilizwe lakhe ngoMvulo, epasisa umthetho oyilwayo ovumela ukuba alawule ngommiselo, kunye nezigwebo zeminyaka emihlanu entolongweni kwabo wabamiselayo ukuba basasaze ulwazi "lobuxoki". Inkulumbuso yakwaSirayeli uNetanyahu wazivala iinkundla zelizwe lakhe ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuze aphephe ukuvavanywa kwetyala lakhe lorhwaphilizo. EUnited States, iSebe lezoBulungisa sele likhona wafaka isicelo ukuvumela ukunqunyanyiswa kweenkqubo zenkundla ngexesha likaxakeka, kwaye baninzi aboyika ukuba uTrump uzakuthatha ithuba lokuphazamiseka ukufaka umthetho wokulwa kwaye zama ukulalanisa Unyulo lukaNovemba.
Nakuloo mazwe aphepha ukuthathwa kwegunya, ukwanda kovavanyo lobugcisa obuphezulu olwenzeka kwihlabathi liphela ngokukhawuleza kujongela phantsi amalungelo abucala awayekade eyimfihlo. USirayeli uye wenjenjalo upasise ummiselo wonxunguphalo ukulandela isikhokelo seTshayina, iTaiwan, kunye noMzantsi Korea ekusebenziseni ufundo lwendawo ye-smartphone ukulandelela abafowunelwa abavavanywe ukuba banayo i-coronavirus. Abaqhubi beselula baseYurophu ukwabelana ngedatha yomsebenzisi (ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akachazwanga) kunye neearhente zikarhulumente. Njengoko uYuval Harari li bonise, kwihlabathi lasemva kwe-Covid, la manyathelo onxunguphalo exeshana elifutshane anokuthi "abe sisixhobo sobomi."
Ukuba ezi, kunye nezinye iindlela ezisakhulayo, ziyaqhubeka zingaqwalaselwa, sinokuya ngokukhawuleza kwimeko embi yento enokuthiwa "yiNqaba yoMhlaba," kunye neebhloko zamandla ezizinzileyo ezisusa inkululeko kunye namalungelo amaninzi ayenze isiseko semfazwe emva kwemfazwe. ihlabathi. Siya kuba sibona amazwe anamandla onke ukongamela uqoqosho olulawulwa ngakumbi ngoosomashishini abambalwa (cinga iAmazon, Facebook) enokwenza imali ngentlekele ukuze bafumane inzuzo engakumbi yabaninizabelo.
Usenokuba ngumsantsa phakathi kwabatyebileyo nabangenanto ibuhlungu ngakumbi, ngakumbi ukuba unyango lwentsholongwane luye lufumaneke kodwa lubekwe amaxabiso kwindawo engafikelelekiyo kwabanye abantu. Amazwe akuMzantsi weGlobal, sele ejongene nethemba lentlekele ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemozulu, inokujongana nokuwa ukuba i-coronavirus ihlasela abantu babo ngelixa uxinzelelo lwehlabathi lubalambisa imali yokugcina neziseko ezingundoqo. Imida inokuba yimimandla ejongene nomkhosi, ivale indlela ekhululekileyo yokuhamba. Ukungathembi kunye noloyiko, esele ibonise ubuso bayo obubi ukugxothwa ngoloyiko yoogqirha eIndiya kunye ukubhala umpu-ukuthenga e-US, inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Uluntu luGuquliwe
Kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba kube njalo. Emva phayaa ngemihla yokuqala yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II, izinto zazibonakala zimnyama ngakumbi, kodwa kwavela amandla asisiseko awayiguqula ngokusisiseko ikhondo lembali. Rhoqo, yayiyeyona nto imfiliba yeentlekele eziye zabangela amandla akhuthazayo ukuba avele ekusabela kwaye alawule. Uhlaselo lwaseJapan kwiZibuko lasePearl - usuku "eya kuhlala ngodumo” - yayilixesha apho ulungelelwaniso lwamandla eMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi lutshintshile. Unxunguphalo olwabangelwa yimfazwe yehlabathi lonke lwakhokelela ekusekweni kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Imbubhiso ehlasimlis’ umzimba kaHitler yakhokelela ekubeni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwembubhiso luqondwe kumazwe ngamazwe, nakwiSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubethelwa kwe-coronavirus kuya kukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kwezithethe ze-neoliberal ezithi ekugqibeleni zihlengahlengise amacandelo aphambili kwimpucuko yethu yehlabathi? Ngaba ukusabela okuqokelelweyo ngobuninzi kugqithiso lonyanzeliso kukhokelela ekuvuselelweni kwakhona kwemilinganiselo yobuntu? Sele sibona iimpawu zoku. Ngelixa ifestile ye-Overton ivumela ukucupha kunye nezenzo zogunyaziso ukuba zingene kwicala elinye, ikwavula izinto ezintsha zezopolitiko kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka kwelinye icala. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezi.
Uluntu olunobulungisa. Umbono wokudendwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nentswela-ngqesho sele ikhokelele kumanqanaba ongenelelo lukarhulumente ukukhusela abemi kunye namashishini ebekade engacingelwanga ngaphambili. Dominikha izicwangciso zokuhlawula I-75% yemivuzo yabasebenzi kwiinkampani zabucala ezihlaselwe yimpembelelo yobhubhane, ukugcina bona kunye namashishini abo enyibilikile. I-UK ibhengeze isicwangciso esifanayo ukuhlawula i-80% yemivuzo. California kunjalo iihotele eziqeshisayo ukufihla abantu abangenamakhaya ebebeya kuhlala ezitalatweni, kwaye ugunyazise oorhulumente basekhaya ukuba baphelise ukugxothwa kwabantu abarentayo kunye nabaninimzi. Ilizwe laseNew York kunjalo ukukhulula amabanjwa asemngciphekweni omncinci ezintolongweni zayo. Speyin inika ilizwe kwizibhedlele zayo zabucala. I-Green New Deal, esele ivunyiwe ngabagqatswa abaphambili beDemokhrasi, ngoku iyaxoxwa njengentsika yenkqubo yokuvuselela uqoqosho. Umbono wengeniso esisiseko yendalo yonke kuye wonke umntu waseMelika, ophakanyiswe ngenkalipho ngumgqatswa weDemokhrasi u-Andrew Yang, ngoku. ibe yindawo yokuthetha nakwezopolitiko zaseRiphabhlikhi.
Uzinziso lwendalo. ICoronavirus sele isebenze ngakumbi ekucutheni ukuwohloka kwemozulu kunye nokuwohloka kwendalo kunawo onke amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo wehlabathi edityanisiwe. NgoFebruwari, ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 yaseTshayina bebephantsi ngaphezulu kwe-25%. Esinye isazinzulu sakuqikelela oko amashumi amabini ngokobuninzi Ubomi baseTshayina busindisiwe kukungcoliseka komoya okucuthiweyo kunokulahleka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-coronavirus. Kulo nyaka uzayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sibone ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngaphezu kolona qikelelo lunethemba lwemodeli yeemodeli, ngenxa yokuhla kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Njengesazi sobulumko saseFrentshi uBruno Latour tweeted: “Kwixesha elizayo, xa izazi ngendalo zigculelwa ngenxa yokuba ‘uqoqosho alunakudodobala’, bafanele bakhumbule ukuba lunokuphela kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ehlabathini lonke xa kungxamisekile ngokwaneleyo.”
Ewe, akukho mntu unokucebisa ukuba umsebenzi wezoqoqosho kufuneka uphazamiseke ngale ndlela iyintlekele yokusabela kwintlekele yemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo kaxakeka eqalwe ngokukhawuleza ngoorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela ibonise into enokwenzeka ngokwenene xa abantu bejongene noko bakubona njengengxaki. Ngenxa yentshukumo yemozulu, oomasipala abali-1,500 kwihlabathi liphela, abamele ngaphezu kwe-10% yabemi behlabathi, ibhengezwe ngokusesikweni imeko yonxunguphalo yemozulu. Impendulo ye-Covid-19 ngoku inokubanjwa njengomfanekiso wento enokwenzeka ngokwenene xa ubomi babantu busesichengeni. Kwimeko yemozulu, izibonda zinkulu ngakumbi - ukusinda kwikamva lempucuko yethu. Ngoku siyazi ukuba umhlaba unokuphendula njengoko kufuneka, nje ukuba intando yezopolitiko yenziwe kwaye uluntu lungena kwimo yonxunguphalo
Ukunyuka kwe "glocalization." Enye yeempawu ezichazayo zeNeoliberal Era ibe kukudityaniswa kwehlabathi okonakalayo okusekwe kwimilinganiselo yentengiso yasimahla. Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zayalela amazwe ukuba akhethe indawo aza kuyenza imisebenzi yawo, ekhokelela amazwe ukuba aqhubele phambili. khuphisana omnye komnye ukunciphisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi “kumdyarho ukuya ezantsi.” Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili anexabiso eliphantsi kubangele ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithombo yobutyebi njengoko iimveliso ziqhutywa ngenqwelo moya kwihlabathi jikelele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi eziphenjelelwa ziintengiso ezikhohlisayo. Oku kudityaniswa kweemarike kube ngunobangela ophambili wokunyuka okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kweNeoliberal Era ebeka emngciphekweni ikamva lempucuko. Ngeli xesha, abantu abaninzi abachatshazelwa kukunyuka kokungalingani baye banyanzelwa ngabaxhasi be-right-wing ukuba baguqule ukukhungatheka kwabo kumaqela angaphandle njengabaphambukeli okanye abancinci beentlanga.
Iziphumo ze-Covid-19 zinokukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwezi zithethe ze-neoliberal. Njengoko iintambo zonikezelo zisehla, uluntu luya kujonga abavelisi basekhaya kunye nommandla kwiimfuno zabo zemihla ngemihla. Xa isixhobo sombane siphuka, abantu baya kuzama ukusilungisa kunokuba bathenge esitsha. Abasebenzi, abasanda kungasebenzi, banokuguqukela ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yasekhaya kwiinkampani ezincinci ezisebenzela uluntu ngqo.
Kwangaxeshanye, abantu baya kuqhela ukunxibelelana nabanye ngeentlanganiso zevidiyo kwi-intanethi, apho umntu kwelinye icala lehlabathi eziva esondele njengomntu kwidolophu iphela. Oku kunokuba luphawu oluchazayo lwexesha elitsha. Nangona imveliso isiya kwindawo, sinokubona ukwanda okumangalisayo kumanyano lwehlabathi lwemibono emitsha kunye neendlela zokucinga - into eyaziwa ngokuba "iglocalization.” Sele zikho izazinzulu ukusebenzisana kwihlabathi jikelele kwiinzame ezidityanelweyo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili zokufumana isitofu sokugonya; kunye nethala leencwadi elinabantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela libonelela "Incwadana yeCoronavirus Tech” ukuqokelela nokusasaza ezona zimvo zilungileyo zokusabela kubhubhane.
Uluntu olunovelwano. Incwadi kaRebecca Solnit ka-2009, IParadesi Eyakhiwe Esihogweni, amaxwebhu endlela, ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, iintlekele zihlala zivelisa okona kulungileyo ebantwini, njengoko zizama ukunceda abo basweleyo ababangqongileyo. Ukulandela i-Covid-19, umhlaba wonke ugutyungelwe yintlekele esichaphazela sonke. Impendulo yovelwano uSolnit ejongwe kwimimandla yentlekele ngoku isasazeke kwiplanethi yonke ngesantya esihambelana nentsholongwane ngokwayo. Amaqela ancedisana ngokulinganayo kwakheka eluntwini kuyo yonke indawo ukunceda abo basweleyo. Iwebhusayithi Karunavirus (IKaruna ligama lesiSanskrit elithetha imfesane) ibhala intaphane yezenzo zobugorha zemihla ngemihla, njengamawaka angamashumi amathathu abantu baseCanada abaye baqala "ukukhathalela,” kunye neendawo zokutyela zikamama kunye nepop eDetroit kwanyanzeleka ukuba zivale kwaye ngoku upheka ukutya kwabangenamakhaya.
Xa bejamelene nentlekele, abantu abaninzi baye baphinde bafumanise ukuba bomelele njengoluntu kunabantu abazimeleyo. Ibinzana elithi "umgama wokuhlala" liluncedo ukulahlwa kwakhona “njengokuhamba ngokwasemzimbeni” okoko iCovid-19 isondeza abantu kumanyano kunangaphambili.
Inguquko kwiiNqobo
Oku kufunyanwa kwakhona kwexabiso loluntu kunamandla okuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo bonke ekubumbeni umkhondo wexesha elizayo. Iingcamango ezintsha kunye namathuba ezopolitiko zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni ixesha lichazwa yimilinganiselo yalo ephantsi, apho yonke enye into yakhelwe kuyo.
I-Neoliberal Era yakhiwa kwintsomi yomntu ozingcayo njengesiseko semilinganiselo. NjengoMargaret Thatcher ibhengezwe ngokudumileyo, “Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuba luluntu. Kukho amadoda nabafazi ngabanye kwaye kukho iintsapho. ” Le nkolelo kumntu ozingcayo ayikhange nje itshabalalise uluntu - ayilunganga kwaphela. Enyanisweni, ngokwembono yendaleko, uphawu oluchazayo lobuntu luseti yethu yeempembelelo zeprosocial - ukulunga, ukungakhathali, kunye novelwano - ezibangela ukuba sichonge into enkulu kuneemfuno zethu zomntu ngamnye. Iimpendulo zovelwano ezithe zavela emva kobhubhani ziyafudumeza kodwa ayothusi - ziyimpendulo elindelekileyo, yendalo yomntu kwabanye abasweleyo.
Nje ukuba i-crucible ye-coronavirus iqale ukuphola, kwaye kuvele ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwentlalontle, imeko engxamisekileyo enkulu yokuwohloka kwemozulu kunye nokuwohloka kwendalo kuya kuhlala kusihlasela. I-Neoliberal Era imisele indlela yempucuko ngokuthe ngqo kwiwa. Ukuba ngokwenene siza “kuyishiya ikhondo lethu elisilelayo,” ixesha elitsha kufuneka lichazwe, kwelona nqanaba linzulu, hayi nje ngokhetho lwezopolitiko okanye lwezoqoqosho olwenziwayo, kodwa ngokuguqukela kwimilinganiselo. Kumele kube lixesha apho imilinganiselo engundoqo yoluntu yobulungisa, ukuncedisana, kunye novelwano lubaluleke kakhulu - ludlulela ngaphaya kommandla wendawo ukuya kurhulumente kunye norhulumente wesizwe, kuluntu lwehlabathi labantu, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuluntu lwabo bonke ubomi. Ukuba sinako tshintsha isiseko sempucuko yethu yehlabathi ukusuka kulowo uqinisekisa ubutyebi ukuya kulowo uqinisekisa ubomi, ngoko ke sinethuba lokudala ikamva eliqaqambileyo loluntu kunye noMhlaba ophilayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intlekele ye-Covid-19 imele ithuba loluntu - elo apho ngamnye wethu anendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka eyidlalile. Sonke singaphakathi kwi-crucible ngoku, kwaye ukhetho esilwenzayo kwiiveki kunye neenyanga ezizayo ziya kuthi, ngokudibeneyo, zigqibe ubume kunye neempawu ezichazayo zexesha elizayo. Nokuba inkulu kangakanani na ukuba sicinga ngeziphumo zexesha elizayo zesi sifo, sinokucinga nzulu. Njengoko bekutshiwo kwezinye iisetingi, kodwa ungaze ufikelele kwinqanaba: "Ingxaki yinto eyoyikisayo yokumosha."
UJeremy Lent ngumbhali we Ithuku elenziwe iPateni: Imbali yeNkcubeko yoBuntu yokufuna intsingiselo, ephanda indlela iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo eziye zawenza waqonda ngayo ummandla wendalo kunye nendlela imilinganiselo yazo esisiseko eye yatshintsha ngayo imbali. Incwadi yakhe ezayo, IWebhu yeNgcaciso: Ukudibanisa iNzululwazi kunye noBulumko beMveli yokuFumana indawo yethu kwiNdawo yonke, iya kupapashwa ngeNtwasahlobo ngo-2021 (i-New Society Press: North America | Iincwadi zeProfayili: UK & Commonwealth). Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ndwendwela jeremylent.com.
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