I-Santiago icinga ngemvakalelo entsha kunye nenzulu yokuphazamiseka. Ulwazi olutsha ngeengxaki zaseChile luvakaliswa ngokuvakalayo kwiindawo zokumisa iibhasi nakwi-metro, kwiindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi ezifana neLa Victoria, umgca wangaphambili wokuchasa ubuzwilakhe, kwiipaseji zezibhedlele zikawonkewonke kunye nakumasango ekholeji, kunye nakwabo. uxanduva 'lwemodeli' - njengoko abezopolitiko baseKhohlo nabaKunene basaqhayisa ngayo - oku kuthumela iimpawu ezicacileyo zokudinwa.
Kwiinyanga ezili-15, urhulumente kaMichelle Bachelet uqokelele iingxaki kwaye imida emininzi ivuliwe. Olokuqala luqhankqalazo olukhulu noluqilima lwabafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo bechasene nomthetho wezemfundo ozuzwe njengelifa kulawulo lobuzwilakhe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabeka etafileni ingxaki yokwenza inzuzo ekufundiseni, apho inxalenye enkulu yokusekwa ithandabuza ukuyibuza. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho ii-echoes zeendibano zabafundi - eziye zaba yindawo yenkcubeko yezopolitiko egxile kumelo - yafa kunokuba iTransantiago (inkqubo yezothutho yabucala) iphazamisekile, ixhokonxa ingxubakaxaka yezopolitiko enokuba yintshabalalo yeConcertación Democratica, umanyano lwamaKristu eDemokhrasi kunye neeSocialists eziye zalawula inkqubo yonyulo yaseChile ukususela ngo-1990 xa uPinochet eyeka umongameli. Ukungazithembi kwenyuka ngamaqondo ambalwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngokubulawa komsebenzi wasehlathini ngamapolisa kumazantsi omhlaba wemveli yaseMapuche apho amaqamza omsindo wezinyanya aphuma ngaphantsi nje kwesikhumba.
Okokuqala ngqa kwiminyaka, abezopolitiko babonisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba kwicala lezi ziganeko. 'Imodeli' yezoqoqosho iye yavuza. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwa ziingcali zezoqoqosho ezimbini zeYunivesithi yaseChile lubonisa ukubhabha kwerekhodi yemali kwi-2006 - i-25 yezigidigidi, i-17% ye-GDP. Bathe uqoqosho lwaseChile luphila 'ngokudinwa' kwaye kuphela igalelo lenkampani yemigodi karhulumente, iCodelco, ethintele ingxaki ukuba ivele. Kwilizwe eliye lazukisa ngokungafaniyo namanye amashishini abucala, licandelo likarhulumente eliye layihlangula le meko.
Uninzi lwemali enkulu eyabalekileyo, okanye ebuyileyo ngokwe-technocratic jargon, yayisuka kwicandelo lezemigodi elizuzwe ngokugxothwa kobhedu.
Umbutho wabasebenzi uPedro MarÃn uxelele iphephandaba i-ClarÃn: 'I-Codelco ine-30% yeshishini kwaye abantu bangaphandle bangama-70%. Kodwa igalelo kwi-treasury ngenye indlela: I-Codelco igalela i-70% kunye neenkampani zangaphandle i-30% nangona zinenzuzo.' Uluvo kukuba imeko yezoqoqosho 'yemodeli' ijinga ngomsonto. Ngokuphathelele ubhedu: ngo-2003 yayixabisa i-80 cent ngeponti; kulo nyaka ifikelele kwiidola ezintathu. Ukubaleka kwenkunzi ngo-2006 kwalingana ne-84% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente kwaye kusongela ukukhula.
Umbuzo weTransantiago unzima kakhulu kuba ubhentsisa phambi kwabemi ubugwenxa 'bemodeli'. Urhulumente unikezele kwicandelo labucala uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yezothutho eninzi yedolophu enkulu. I-Transantiago yaphefumlelwa nguTransmilenio waseBogota: inani elikhulu leebhasi ezihamba ngeendlela, ezihlukaniswe yi-trunk kunye neendlela zesibini. Yaziswa ngoFebruwari kwaye kwabakho isiphithiphithi. Zazingoneli iibhasi kuba oosomashishini babengafuni ukuzifaka emngciphekweni. Kwezona ngingqi zihluphekayo, apho zingenangeniso encinci, iibhasi azifikanga okanye zenze njalo emva kokulibaziseka okukhulu. Abantu kwakufuneka bahambe umgama oziikhilomitha ukuya kufika kwindawo ababenokulindela ukulinda kuyo kangangeyure ngaphambi kokuba ibhasi ifike. Amawakawaka aye aphulukana nemisebenzi yawo ngenxa yokufika emva kwexesha. Kwaye i-metro ixinene kangangokuba ayinakukwazi ukumelana nayo.
Iingxoxo zokuqala, ezithe zavelisa uqhanqalazo oluzenzekelayo, zalandelwa kukucaphuka xa inqanaba leenzuzo eziqikelelwayo ngoosomashishini lathi laziwa. Njengoko inkonzo yaqala ukwenza ilahleko (i-30 yezigidi zeerandi ngo-Epreli kuphela), urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni ancede icandelo labucala. I-metro karhulumente esebenzayo yanyanzeleka ukuba iboleke imali kwi-Transantiago kwaye ngoku urhulumente wase-Bachelet ucebise ipalamente i-290 yezigidi zeedola kwishishini labucala elingazange lizalisekise isivumelwano sayo. Nkqu namasekela e-Christian Democrat anemibuzo malunga norhulumente oxhasa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweshishini. Owayesakuba nguMongameli, u-Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, i-neoliberal Christian Democrat, wacela ukuba kusekwe 'inkqubo yezothutho karhulumente njengakwizixeko ezikhulu zehlabathi', into eyayingenakucingwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Icandelo lesigqeba esilawulayo i-Concertación lisasaze uxwebhu kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo olunesihloko esithi 'I-Dilemmas' apho ibifuna 'ukubeka izilungiso kwimodeli yangoku yophuhliso, ejongene nokungalingani kunye nokusingise kwinkqubo edibeneyo yokhuseleko loluntu'. Isiseko sivakalelwa kukuba silahlekelwe ngumhlaba. Olu xwebhu luqhubela phambili: lugxeka imodeli apho 'inqanaba lovimba wemali libaluleke ngakumbi kunobumbano loluntu lwelizwe'; ugxeka 'iingxaki ezinzulu zomgangatho wemfundo, impilo, izindlu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iimeko zokusebenza ezinobuganga' njalo njalo; ilumkisa 'ngomgangatho ongazinzanga wedemokhrasi yethu' kwaye ikhalimela 'intswela-bulungisa enkulu nokungalingani'. Phantse njenge-manifesto yenkcaso yasekhohlo.
Enyanisweni, ingxaki ikwenye indawo. Uqhanqalazo lwentlalontle ngoku luthanda ukuya ngaphaya kwamacandelo ahlala ebekwe ngokuchasene nemodeli yaseChile ye-neoliberal, njengabantu baseMapuche kunye nolutsha olungavumelaniyo, bebodwa kwaye bexinezelekile. Ugwayimbo olude emzantsi, apho abasebenzi bamahlathi be-7,000 baphakamisa inqindi yabo ngokuchasene neqela elinamandla kunye nekratshi lase-Angelini, elinye lawona anamandla eChile, konke kuphawu lwamaxesha amatsha. Abasebenzi basebenzisa oomatshini abanzima bale nkampani ukuze baxhathise amapolisa ngemiphumo yokufa komntu omnye kwaza kwangxwelerheka abaninzi.
Ngexesha elithile uqhanqalazo lwabasebenzi, abahlali, iMapuches kunye nabafundi banokudibana. Siyazi ukuba xa abo basezantsi bengasayinyamezeli ingcinezelo, abo baphezulu baqala ukucinga ngokuzisa utshintsho ukuze kwenziwe kwakhona i-make-up.
Iguqulelwe ukusuka kwiSpanish nguSupriyo Chatterjee. Inqaku lokuqala lapapashwa eLa Jornada, eMexico, nge-18 kaMeyi 2007.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela