I-Al-Qaeda - Ngubani Omnye?
Nge-23 kaMatshi, i-BBC kwi-intanethi yabika olunye usuku olunegazi e-Iraq:
"Yayiyiyesibini uhlaselo lwebhombu e-Iraq ngoMvulo, kunye nokudubula kwangaphambili kufuphi nekomkhulu. I-Baghdad, ibulala abantu abasibhozo ubuncinane.
"I-BBC's Hugh Sykes, e-Baghdad, ithi i-al-Qaeda iqalise uhlaselo oluninzi e-Diyala ukususela ekuphulukaneni nenkxaso kwezinye iindawo zase-Iraq."
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7959918.stm)
Utshaba, ngokwendalo, yayingumntu ombi kwihlabathi, "al-Qaeda". Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo iBBC yayiza kubabhengeza "ngamaKomanisi" okanye "amaMarxists". Sibhalele "indoda yaseBaghdad" yeBBC kwangaloo mini:
UHugh othandekayo
Ndiyathemba ukuba uphilile. Ingxelo ye-intanethi ye-BBC namhlanje ithi:
"I-BBC's Hugh Sykes, e-Baghdad, ithi i-al-Qaeda iqalise uhlaselo oluninzi e-Diyala ukususela ekuphulukaneni nenkxaso kwezinye iindawo zase-Iraq."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7959918.stm
Bubuphi ubungqina bokuba i-al-Qaeda, kunelinye iqela labavukeli, nceda?
Ngeminqweno emihle
UDavid Edwards
USykes waphendula ngosuku olulandelayo:
Sawubona uDavide
Akukho bungqina, kodwa ubungqina obubambekayo kunye nokucingelwa okufanelekileyo kokubandakanyeka kwe-AQI [i-al-Qaeda e-Iraq] - kakhulu imodus operandum yabo. Uhlaselo lokuzibulala yindlela yabo yokutyikitya, kwaye oku ibikukuqhushumba okumangalisayo okucebisa uqhushumbo oluninzi - kwakhona, kakhulu i-AQI.
Kwayeโฆngubani omnye onokwenza oku?
Ke, inkqubo yokuphelisa, imbali yokuhlaselwa kwe-AQI kwiDiyala njl.
Kwaye ingqiqo yayo Sunni Arab vs Iraqi Kurds. Njengoko indoda yaseJalawla yaxelela iReuters:
"I-Al-Qaida ijolise kumaKurds kuba ikholelwa ukuba sibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu baseMelika."
Ngeminqweno emihle
Hugh
Le yayiyimpendulo ekhawulezayo nenobubele evela kuSykes. Kodwa siyathandabuza ukuyibiza ngokuba bubuntatheli obunzulu. "Njengendoda yaseJalawla yaxelela iReuters"! Indlela yokuchaza eli nqanaba lobungqina ekuphenduleni umbuzo onzima kumbandela obaluleke kangaka?
USykes ubhale wathi: "Akukho bungqina, kodwa ubungqina obubambekayo kunye nokucingelwa okufanelekileyo kokubandakanyeka kwe-AQI."
Kwaye xa sibuza ukuba kutheni i-BBC isilele ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezivaliweyo yimikhosi yase-US ngokuhlaselwa kwabo ngoNovemba ka-2004 e-Falljuah, umlawuli weendaba we-BBC, uHelen Boaden, wathi:
"Sizibophelele kwi-journalism esekelwe kubungqina. Asikwazanga ukufumanisa ukuba i-US isebenzise izixhobo zekhemikhali ezivaliweyo kwaye yenza ezinye izenzo ezimbi kubantu baseFalluja ngoNovemba wokugqibela [2004]. Imibuzo emhlabeni ngelo xesha kwaye emva koko ibonisa ukuba yabo ukusetyenziswa akunakwenzeka." (I-imeyile ithunyelwe ngabafundi abaninzi beMedia Lens, nge-13 kaJulayi ukuya phambili, ngo-2005)
I-BBC kamva yavuma ukuba ubungqina obunjalo bukhona ngokwenene.
USykes uphinde wabuza: "Kwaye...ngubani omnye onokwenza oku?"
Akukho bungqina, ubungqina obubambekayo, ukucinga ... kwaye asinakucinga ngomnye umntu, ke: "i-al-Qaeda iqalise uhlaselo oluninzi".
Ukungakhathali kukaSykes kubungqina kuyaqondakala. Ngandlela ithile isecaleni kwenqaku - iintshaba zaseNtshona zibulala abantu, kwaye iintshaba zaseNtshona okwangoku zibhalwe "al-Qaeda". Kwaba njalo. Njengoko uPiero Gleijeses, unjingalwazi womgaqo-nkqubo waseMelika wezangaphandle kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins, watshoyo ngeGuatemala ngowe-1988:
โKanye njengokuba umIndiya wayebizwa ngokuba lirhamncwa elinoburhalarhume ukuze athethelele ukuxhaphazwa kwakhe, ngoko ke abo babefuna inguqu kwezentlalo babizwa ngokuba ngamakomanisi ukuze bathethelele intshutshiso yabo.โ (I-Gleijeses, iPolitiko kunye neNkcubeko eGuatemala, eMichigan, ngo-1988, iphe.392)
U-Sykes wayethetha nje inyani ye-propaganda - isazisi sichazwa ngesenzo, kungekhona nge-arhente. Izandi ezingamashumi amathathu anesibini zifuna ipropaganda yaseManichean: 'Silungile, babi.'
Ukungena kwihlabathi lokwenyani, sinokuqikelela malunga, nokuba siphande, ezona zizazisi kunye neenjongo zabahlaseli ngokuzibulala.
NgoSeptemba 23, 2005, iZiko leSifundo seSicwangciso kunye neZizwe ngeZizwe eWashington lakhupha ingxelo etyhola i-US "ngokutya intsomi" yamajoni angaphandle (okt al-Qaeda) e-Iraq, ababebalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-10 ekhulwini ngalinye. Ukuchasa ngoko kuqikelelwa kwi-30,000. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/sep/23/iraq.ewenmacaskill)
NgoMeyi ka-2007, intatheli ephandayo eyaziwayo uSeymour Hersh uxelele iDemokhrasi ngoku!:
Ndiyazi ukuba kule nyanga iphelileyo, mhlawumbi kwiiveki ezine, ezine ezinesiqingatha ezidlulileyo, [abaphathi bakaBush] benze isigqibo sokuba ngenxa yokuncipha kwenkxaso ngokupheleleyo yemfazwe yase-Iraq, sibuyela e-Iraq. Ikhadi le-al-Qaeda, kwaye siqala ukuthetha nge-al-Qaeda. Kwaye into elandelayo oyaziyo, kanye emva koko, uBush waya kwi-Southern Command - le yayiyinyanga edlulileyo - wathetha, ekhankanya i-al-Qaeda amashumi amabini anesixhenxe intetho yakhe...
"Ngequbuliso, ama-Sunnis ama-Iraq ahlwempuzekileyo, ndithetha ukuba, abanakwenza nto ngaphandle kwe-al-Qaeda. Kuphela yi-al-Qaeda ewisa iibhombu kwaye ibangele uqhushululu. AyingoSunni namaShia abavukeli okanye amajoni. Kwaye oku Umgaqo-nkqubo uyacholwa [ngamajelo eendaba], nangona kungekho siseko siqinileyo.Uninzi lwabantu abanobuchule baya kukuxelela ukuba abalweli bamazwe angaphandle baziipesenti ezimbalwa, kwaye ke baluhlobo olungenankokeli ngengqiqo yokuba akukho mkhombandlela jikelele. Unokubabiza ngokuba ngamaJihadist kunye namaSalafi afuna ukufa esilwa namaMelika okanye abahlali baseIraq kwaye bawela umdaโฆ la maqela ngu-bin Laden okanye nabani na ongomnye, kwaye iphephandaba liya gagaโฆ Iyamangalisa nje kum, nina madoda." (http://www.democracynow.org/2007/5/24/seymour_hersh_u_s_indirectly_backed)
URobert Pape, umbhali wencwadi, Ukufa ukuze uphumelele: Kutheni abanqolobi abazibulalayo beyenza, wabhala ngo-2006:
"Ukuphanda incwadi yam, egubungela zonke iziqhushumbisi ezingama-462 kwihlabathi liphela, ndiye ndanoogxa bam bajonga imithombo yaseLebhanon ukuba baqokelele iividiyo zabafeli-nkolo, imifanekiso kunye nobungqina kunye nebhayografi yabaqhushumbisi be-Hizbollah. Kwabangama-41, sichonge amagama, iindawo zokuzalwa kunye nezinye zobuqu. Sothuka xa sifumanisa ukuba basibhozo kuphela abakholelwa kwinkolo yobuSilamsi, abangama-38 babephuma kumaqela ezopolitiko asekhohlo njengeLebhanon Communist Party kunye neArab Socialist Union, abathathu babengamaKristu, kubandakanywa nomfundisi-ntsapho wasesekondari obhinqileyo onesidanga sasekholejini. bazalelwa eLebhanon.
"Into aba bahlaseli ngokuzibulala - kunye neendlalifa zabo namhlanje - babengeyiyo ingcamango yenkolo okanye yezopolitiko kodwa nje ukuzibophelela ekuchaseni umsebenzi wangaphandle." (Pape, 'Into esingekayiqondi malunga ne-Hizbollah,' i-Observer, Agasti 6, 2006; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/aug/06/israel.syria)
Kwaye ke impendulo kumbuzo kaSykes: "Kwaye ... ngubani omnye onokwenza oku?"? Naliphi na inani labantu abazibophelele "ekuchaseni umsebenzi wasemzini" ngalo naliphi na inani lezizathu zopolitiko nenkolo. Indlela embi ngayo, ekulula ngayo, ukuhlanganisa yonke inkcaso phantsi kwegama le-bete noire enkulu yaseNtshona, "al-Qaeda."
Yiloo nto Isenza Sahluke Kubo
Njengoko sele siphawulile ngaphambili, iintatheli zizilwanyana ezikrelekrele eziphuhlileyo. Banamalungu engqiqo antsonkothileyo ayakwazi ukubona utshintsho olungephi kwimekobume yosasazo. Abahlalutyi okwangoku bayazi kakuhle, umzekelo, ukuba i-United States ibhengeze ukuzimisela ukuxoxisana neTaliban e-Afghanistan - umgangatho wokugqibela xa iindleko zobundlobongela ziphezulu kangangokuba izisombululo ezinengqiqo zithathwa njengezifanelekileyo. Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba i-Guardian's Madeleine Bunting iyakwazi ukubona inqanaba lokuntsonkotha kwelo lizwe lonakeleyo elingafane libe nengxelo evela e-Iraq:
"Ukongeza kwisiphithiphithi asazi nokuba ngubani utshaba lwethu kwaye ngubani osebenzisana nathi. I-Taliban ligama elingafanelekanga lokubanjwa kwaye alinancedo oluncinci kwezopolitiko zase-Afghanistan ezintsonkothileyo, eziqhekekayo zesizwe, izizwana kunye nommandla. amaqela agweba ngendlela engcono yokukhusela isikhundla sawo kwaye atshintshe intembeko yawo ngokufanelekileyo." (Ubunting, 'Iinkokeli azikhange zibonise isibindi sokuchaza ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le mfazwe ithetha ngayo,' The Guardian, Matshi 23, 2009; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/23/afghanistan-military - ubunqolobi)
Ukuthetha neTaliban akuthethi ukuqonda ubuntu babo, nangona kunjalo. I-BBC inike ingxelo kwinyanga ephelileyo:
"Isibhedlele saseCamp Bastion, isiseko somkhosi wase-UK eHelmand, ngamanye amaxesha sinyanga imikhosi yotshaba eye yenzakeleyo.
โUNksz Gibbons uthe ukubanyanga akwahlukanga ekunyangeni nasiphi na esinye isigulana kodwa wongeze ukuba abezonyango kufuneka balumke ngakumbi.
"'Ekupheleni kosuku ebenokuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo," utshilo.
"'Ingqungquthela yaseGeneva ifuna ukuba sinike umgangatho ofanayo wonyango njengamandla ethu.
"'Mhlawumbi ngekhe sifumane umva ofanayo kodwa yiloo nto esenza sahluke kubo.'" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/south_of_scotland/7912675.stm)
I-BBC ibone kufanelekile ukuba ipapashe le mbono yepropaganda yakudala yotshaba (akukho ziphumlisi zijikiweyo ezifunekayo - ziintshaba zelizwe + kunye+ ne-BBC). Ngubani onokuqikelela ukuba uAuntie Beeb akangoBhuti Omkhulu, kodwa uzimele geqe kulawulo lukarhulumente?
Indelelo yobuhlanga igxininiswe ngokunzulu njengoko kuthethwa. Owayesakuba yintatheli yeBBC (ngoku eyiAl-Jazeera), uRageh Omaar, uchaza iBBC โnjengeklabhu yabelunguโ. Kodwa kukho okungakumbi kunoko, njengoko u-Omaar wachazela uMgcini ngo-2007:
"Yingqondo. Ngandlel' ithile ndinetyala loku - ndafunda kwisikolo sikarhulumente, ndaya eOxford. Ndithetha kwizikolo ezininzi nabantwana baseSomaliya bathi, 'Ndingaba yintatheli njani? yiba ngumntu omnye, kodwa andinayo indlela othetha ngayo.' Ngoko yinto yodidi kunokuba mhlophe ngokuyimfuneko. Ichubekile kakhulu. " (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/feb/15/broadcasting.bbc)
I-MEDIA LENS: Ukulungiswa kombono ogqwethekileyo weendaba zenkampani
Matshi 31, 2009
ISILUMKISO SENDABA: ABANTWANA BOBUMNYAMA โ UKUBABULALA 'ABONA' - ICANDELO 2
Ukulunga kwi-BBC, ukujonga kukaRageh Omaar ngokubanzi: yonke i-journalism yaseBritane "yiklabhu yamadoda amhlophe" elawulwa "yinto yeklasi".
NgoMatshi, umphathi weendaba u-Rupert Murdoch ufumene iMbasa yeSizwe yoBudlelwane boLuntu yeKomiti yamaJuda yaseMelika. Iindumiso ezafunyanwa kuMurdoch zikhumbula amazwi embongi yamaBhuda yenkulungwane yesi-4, uAryasura:
โXa isidima sinikwa igama kulowo ungenasidima, siba nesandi esirhabaxa nesihlabโ umxhelo, ngokungathi sisidelo endaweni yokuncoma.โ (Aryasura, The Marvelous Companion, Dharma Publishing, 1983, p.127)
Indoda enempembelelo enkulu kwinto eyaziwayo necingelwa lihlabathi yanika umbono wegalelo layo "kubudlelwane babantu":
โIHamas ibhuqa imijukujelwa kubahlali bakwaSirayeli. Njengazo zonke izigebenga, injongo kukusasaza uloyiko phakathi kwemibutho ekhululekileyo, nokudodobalisa iinkokeli zayo. Lo Sirayeli akanako ukuyifikelela. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ndixelele nabani na kweli gumbi ukuba akukho kumkani. ilizwe linokuhlala phantsi ngelixa abemi balo behlaselwa. " (http://www.ajc.org/site/c.ijITI2PHKoG/b.5018279/k.7184/AJC_Honors_Rupert_Murdoch.htm)
UDavid Bromwich, unjingalwazi woncwadi kwiyunivesithi yaseYale, ubeka ingxabano ngendlela:
"Sinikwa isifaniso: bebeya kwenza ntoni abantu baseMelika ukuba iirokethi zigxothwe eCanada okanye eCuba?โฆ [Kodwa] iirokhethi zicingelwa ukuba ziza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu. yi-US yoRhulumente woManyano lwasePalestine, ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaqalwa nguFatah lwaza lwabhangiswa yi-US, olwaphela ngokuhlutha igunya yiHamas - konke oku kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba imijukujelwa iwe esibhakabhakeni. ixesha langaphambi kwembali." (http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/20746)
Ingcamango yokuba ukubulawa kukaSirayeli kwi-1,400 yasePalestina kwakujoliswe ekunqandeni ukuhlaselwa kwe-rocket kunzima ukuyidibanisa kunye nento yokuba u-Israel wayexhokonxa ngabom ezo hlaselo xa wayesaphula isivumelwano ngoNovemba 4, 2008 ebulala abantu abathandathu eGaza. Njengoko sixoxile (http://www.medialens.org/alerts/09/090204_the_bbc_impartiality.php), iinjongo ezimnyama zifihlwe phantsi kwesidingo esibhengeziweyo sokwenza ukuzikhusela.
I-Los Angeles Times inike ingxelo kwiveki ephelileyo:
"Uhlaselo lwasebusika kwi-Gaza Strip lwaboniswa ngokusemthethweni kwaSirayeli njengenzame zokucima umlilo we-rocket ngamajoni e-Hamas. Kodwa amanye amajoni athi nawo aye afundiswa malunga nenjongo yamabhongo ngakumbi: ukugxotha abantu abangengomaYuda kwilizwe lakwaSirayeli. .
"'Lo rabhi ufika kuthi aze athi umlo uphakathi kwabantwana bokukhanya nabantwana bobumnyama,' igosa elingumlindi lathi, likhumbula intlanganiso yoqeqesho kwinkampu. 'Isigidimi sakhe sasicacile: "Le yimfazwe echasene nabantu bonke. , kungekhona nxamnye nabanqolobi abathile.โ Yonke le nto yajikwa yaba yinto yonqulo nomesiya kakhulu.โโ (URichard Boudreaux, โoorabhi bomkhosi bakwaSirayeli bagxekwa ngokuma ngohlaselo lwaseGaza โ Amanye amajoni akwaSirayeli athi oorabhi bomkhosi bahlasela iirokethi zeHamas njengesixhobo sokulwa nokuhlasela kweGaza. ukulwela ukugxotha abantu abangengawo amaYuda,โ Los Angeles Times, Matshi 24, 2009; http://www.latimes.com/news/la-fg-israel-holywar25-2009mar25,0,3336606.story?track=ntothtml)
I-LA Times yongeza:
"Kubungqina obuxelwe ngamajelo eendaba akwa-Israel kunye nodliwanondlebe kunye neThe Times, amagqala eGaza athi oorabhi bacebise iiyunithi zomkhosi ukuba zibonise utshaba olungenanceba kwaye bacela ukuhlaliswa kwakhona kwePalestine enclave ngamaYuda.
"'Oorabhi babephelile, kwiyunithi nganye,' watsho uYehuda Shaul, igosa lomkhosi eseladla umhlala-phantsi elineqela lamalungelo oluntu, iBreaking the Silence, liye lanikela ubungqina kumagqala aseGaza. 'Yayilungelelaniswe kakuhle.'
Incinci okanye akukho nanye kwezi ekhoyo "kwiklabhu yamadoda amhlophe," kubandakanya noMurdoch. Walumkisa, endaweni yoko, ngokuchasene nengcamango yokuba uSirayeli wayekho nangayiphi na indlela:
"Kuyinyani ukuba ukongamela kwesiqhelo kwe-Israel kuthetha ukuba ingayithoba iGaza ukuba iyafuna. Kodwa uMkhosi woKhuselo wamaSirayeli - ngokungafaniyo ne-Hamas - uphendule kurhulumente okhethwe ngentando yesininzi.
"Kungakhathaliseki ukuba leliphi iqela kwisininzi, urhulumente ngamnye wase-Israel uyazi ukuba uya kuphenduliswa ngabantu bakhe kunye nehlabathi malunga nobomi obulahlekileyo ngenxa yezigqibo zabo."
Ukanti "ihlabathi", ngokukodwa i-United States, yavumela u-Israyeli ukuba aqhubeke nokubulawa kwabantu ngokukhululekileyo. Waqhubeka wathi:
"I-Hamas iyazi ukuba ngandlela-thile, amaPalestina afileyo akhonza iinjongo zabo ngakumbi kunamaSirayeli afileyo. ENtshona sijonga oku kwaye sithi, 'Akukho ngqiqo.' Kodwa iyavakala.
"Ukuba uzibophelele ekutshatyalalisweni kukaSirayeli, kwaye ukuba ukholelwa ukuba abantu basePalestina abafileyo bakunceda ukuba ufumane uloyiso lwepropaganda, wenza izinto ezifana nokuqalisa iirokethi ezivela kwisikolo sasePalestina. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba xa amaSirayeli ephendula, mhlawumbi kuya kukhokelela ekufeni. yomntu omsulwa wasePalestine - nokuba mangaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko athathwa ngamajoni akwa-Israel."
Njengoko kuxoxiwe kwiCandelo loku-1, "yiloo nto eyenza ukuba sahluke kubo".
I-Financial Times ibonelele ngetshekhi yokwenyani yenkcazo ka-Murdoch, ecaphula "umtya weengxelo ezikhohlakeleyo" ezipapashwe kwiveki ephelileyo kumaphephandaba akwa-Israel ngobungqina bamajoni, kubandakanya nobungqina bokuba amajoni adubula abantu abangaxhomanga. Abanye baye baxela ukuba bakhutshelwe "imithetho enqabileyo yokuzibandakanya ebeka ixabiso elincinci kukhuseleko lwabemi baseGazan."
I-FT inike ingxelo:
โPhakathi kweziganeko othe umkhosi wamaSirayeli uza kuziphanda, kukudutyulwa kukamama nabantwana bakhe ababini, abayalelwa ukuba baphume endlwini yabo kodwa, bengayiqondi imiyalelo yamajoni, baphambukela kwindawo โabangahambiโ kuyo. Ukudubula okwahlukileyo komnye owasetyhini waseGaza kwachazwa lelinye ijoni โnjengokubulala ngegazi elibandayoโ.
"NgoMvulo, ingxelo yeqela leZizwe eziManyeneyo lamalungelo abantu yenze izityholo ezitsha, kuquka nebango lokuba amajoni akwa-Israel asebenzisa abantu basePalestina njengekhaka loluntu ngexesha lomlo. 'Ulwaphulo lwenziwa mihla le, luninzi kakhulu ukuba ludweliswe," watsho omnye wabo. ababhali bengxelo." (Tobias Buck, 'uSirayeli ugxotha njengoko ubushushu bukhula,' Financial Times, Matshi 24, 2009)
Oku kwaxelwa kwakuloo veki iphephandaba lakwaSirayeli i-Haaretz lapapasha iinkcukacha zemifanekiso amajoni akwa-Israyeli ayiprintayo kwiihempe aziyalela ukuphawula ukuphela koqeqesho, okanye umsebenzi ebaleni:
"I-T-shirt ye-infantry snipers inombhalo othi 'Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Durex,' ecaleni komfanekiso womntwana wasePalestina ofileyo, kunye nomama wakhe olilayo kunye nebhere ye-teddy ecaleni kwakhe. I-T-shirt ye-sharpshooter evela kwi-Givati โโBrigade's Shaked battalion ibonisa. ibhinqa lasePalestina elikhulelweyo elineliso lenkomo libekwe phezu kwesisu sakhe, linesiqubulo, ngesiNgesi, '1 shot, 2 kills.' Ihempe 'yesidanga' elungiselelwe abo bagqibe esinye ikhosi yokuthukuthela ibonisa usana lwasePalestina, olukhula lube yinkwenkwe elwayo luze lube ngumntu omdala oxhobileyo, nombhalo othi, 'Nokuba iqala njani na, siya kuyiphelisa. '" (http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1072466.html)
Isazi ngentlalo yoluntu uGqr. Orna Sasson-Levy, weYunivesithi yaseBar-Ilan, wagqabaza:
"Olu tyekelo lubonakala ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwamajoni adibana neemeko ezahlukeneyo kwimimandla imihla ngemihla. Kukho ukunyameka okuncinci kunokuba kwakudala, kunye nokwanda kobunzima. Kukho ingcamango yokuba iPalestina ayingomntu, umntu onelungelo kumalungelo asisiseko, ngoko ke nantoni na inokwenziwa kuye.โ (Ibid)
Abafundi banokuvakalelwa kukuba akulunganga ukugxila kuMurdoch. Ungowokuqina-ekunene kwaye, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kukho i-spectrum. Njengomsebenzi kaMurdoch, uRod Liddle, ugqabaze kwi Times:
"Idemokhrasi efanelekileyo yasentshona imalunga nokwamkela zonke iintlobo zobudenge obumangalisayo, nkqu nohlobo lwezinto ezivela kubantu abathi, ukuba sinyanisekile, banokuziva besekhaya bezingela emqolombeni kwindawo ethile kwimida ye-Afghan-Pakistani. sisithiye, ngokungenakuthetheleleka. Lisikizi elibonakalayo..." (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/rod_liddle/article5908258.ece)
Kwakhona, "yiloo nto esenza sahluke kubo".
Singaluthatha lula uvavanyo lweSpectrum ngokujika kwakhona kuMgcini Madeleine Bunting, ogqabaza ukusuka kwisiphelo esimnandi ngakumbi "sedemokhrasi efanelekileyo yasentshona". Uthatha ntoni kwizilo ezikwimo yomntu ezingamaTaliban?
"Into ecacileyo kukuba le yimfazwe elula yeTaliban. Basenokungabi nabugcisa bomkhosi kodwa abayidingi; konke abakufunayo ngumonde, amadoda kunye nezixhobo, kwaye banezinto ezininzi zontathu. Abanayo enye yazo. imiqobo ebekwe ngabavoti baseYurophu kumanani omzimba; ngokungakhathali kubomi bamadoda abo, banokusebenzisa ukufa kwabachasi kunye nabemi ukuze bazuze. " (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/23/afghanistan-military-terrorism)
Imbono kaMurdoch, ngamanye amazwi. Olu ibe lubabalo olusindisayo kubo bonke abachasi beLizwe leSithathu bomlilo wobuchwephesha obuphezulu baseNtshona ukutyhubela iminyaka - ababuxabisi kakhulu ubomi njengathi. Sinokucinga ukuba abanayo "imfazwe ilula" - sivuthela amawaka amaninzi kubo ebukumkanini, emva kwayo yonke loo nto - kodwa oku kukuveza nje ubuntu bethu "kubantwana bobumnyama". Enyanisweni, ukungakhathali kwabo kwikamva labantu babo mhlawumbi kungaphaya kwamandla ethu okuqonda. Ngo-2006, umbhali wenoveli uMartin Amis wachaza indlela i-Iran, "utshaba lwethu lwendalo," enokuthi ikulungele ukwamkela uhlaselo lwenyukliya ukuze ifezekise amaphupha ayo amnyama:
"Baziva ngathi banokufunxa oku kubethe kwaye batshabalalise uSirayeli." (Amis, kule Veki, ngo-Oktobha 12, 2006)
Ngapha koko, zithetha ntoni izigidi ezimbalwa zamadoda, abafazi nabantwana abatshisiweyo โkwiintshabaโ ezingakhathaliyo ngobomi bamadoda abo? Abanaluvelwano ngabantu esibabulalayo ngoku kumawaka kunye namakhulu amawaka - abasayi kushukunyiswa kukongezwa kooziro abambalwa.
Akukho mfuneko yokuba umntu abe ngugqirha ohlawulwa kakhulu ukuze abone eyona ngqikelelo: "Bona" abanakukhathalela ubomi babantu + esibaxhela + nje ngokungakhathali. Kwaye ke "bona", kunokuba thina, banetyala. UCorporal Matthew 'Des' Desmond we-2nd Parachute Regiment yase-UK uchaze indlela awadubula ngayo umlo weTaliban ukusuka kwiimitha ezimbini:
"Akukho kuhlobana ngokweemvakalelo, ungaziva unxunguphele ngakumbi xa udubula unogwaja." (http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/oct/26/military-afghanistan)
Inkcazo yenziwe, i-Guardian yaphawula, ngoncumo olubuhlungu.
Hayi indlela ehlekisa ngayo - ngokungafaniyo ngokupheleleyo "notshaba lwethu lwendalo", sidityaniswe kukungakhathali okuqhelekileyo kwintshabalalo yabo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, "ekupheleni kosuku" "wayenokuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo". Ijoni laseBrithani, oko kukuthi.
I-Iraq Epidemiologist Body Count
Ukuba kukho unyanzeliso lwedemokhrasi, luxhomekeke+ kumzimba wethu. Iinzame ezinyanisekileyo zokubala imizimba "yahlukileyo", "abantwana bobumnyama", zibonwa njengezoyikiso zokuhlaselwa, ukungcoliswa, ukunyeliswa kunye nokugxothwa "yidemokhrasi efanelekileyo yasentshona". Ke ngoko, ezinye zezona ngcali zibalaseleyo zehlabathi kwicandelo le-epidemiology zifumanisa ukuba imisebenzi yazo ijoyina inani lamaxhoba okusasazwa kwebhola enzima.
Umbhexeshi weBBC usibhalele (ecela ukuba singaziwa) ecaphula kwesinye sezilumkiso zethu zosasazo:
Davids othandekayo,
Ngaba iintatheli azifundileyo kwimbali yamva nje?
Impendulo, ndiyoyika, akukho nto.
Ndisebenza kwi-BBC World Service kwaye le imeyile isandula ukuthunyelwa njengeqela kuye wonke umntu.
"UChris Booth, umphathi we-bureau yase-Baghdad, undixelela ukuba ezi webhusayithi zimbini zilandelayo ziyindawo efanelekileyo yokubhekisela kumanani abantu abenzakeleyo e-Iraq (ahlelwa ngokwexesha, ubuzwe njl.njl). Iluncedo kwimizobo kunye nezikhokelo (kunye nophawu):
"www.icasualties.org kumaxhoba asemkhosini (ikwasebenza neAfghanistan)
"www.iraqbodycount.org kumaxhoba asekuhlaleni (NB olu ayilonani liqinisekileyo, kodwa luqikelelo oluthenjiweyo, ngoko ke kufuneka ube ufanelekile).
Yayivela kumvelisi. Akumangalisi, ngelishwa, ukuba akukho kukhankanywa kophando lwe-ORB. Nokuba kujongwe uhlaziyo lwakutsha nje lophando.
Ngapha koko, bendicinga ukuba uya kuyifumana inika umdla, iyadanisa kwaye mhlawumbi iluncedo.
Enkosi ukuba awulikhankanyi igama lam.
ngeminqweno emihle
Igama Ligodliwe (I-imeyile kwiLensi yeMidiya, ngoMatshi 20, 2009)
Akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo ngoHlolo loPhando lweShishini [ORB] olunika ingxelo yokusweleka kwe-1,033,000 (ngoJanuwari 2008, http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88), okanye kwizifundo zeLancet zika-2004 no-2006. Ukuba i-BBC's Baghdad Bureau Chief inokukholelwa ukuba i-Iraq Body Count inika "uqikelelo" lokufa kwabantu e-Iraq iyothusa. Enyanisweni, inika inani elisekelwe kwiingxelo zeendaba zokufa kwabantu abanobundlobongela kwilizwe apho intatheli, ezijoliswe kuyo kwaye zabulawa ngamanani amaninzi, azikwazanga ukusebenza ngexesha lobundlobongela obumangalisayo obuhamba kunye nomsebenzi (idatha evela kwii-morgues kunye iirekhodi zikarhulumente zongeziwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje).
Iqela lewebhusayithi ye-IBC - elikufanelekeleyo ukusebenza njengowona mthombo uphambili kumanani abantu ababhubhileyo e-Iraq njengoko sinjalo - "ithenjiwe" ngamajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kuba ibonelela ngenani eliphantsi kakhulu, inobugocigoci obuphezulu bezemfundo, kwaye inenani eliphantsi kakhulu. ayikhange ifakwe kuhlaselo olungayekeleliyo olunyuswe kwizifundo ezinikezela ngamanani aphezulu.
UStephen Soldz, uMlawuli weZiko loPhando, uVavanyo, kunye noPhuhliso lweNkqubo eBoston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis, uthi:
"Kutshanje sifunde ukuba uGilbert Burnham, umbhali ophambili wophononongo lwesibini lweLancet, unikwe isohlwayo nguJohns Hopkins ngokutenxa kwiprothokholi ye-IRB evunyiweyo kunye nokuqokelela amagama abantu abaninzi abaphendulileyo kuphando, inyani eyakhatywayo ngokungafihlisiyo kwizibhengezo zoluntu ezininzi. " (https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/20890)
Le ngqokelela yamagama inokubeka ubomi babantu emngciphekweni, nangona kucingelwa ukuba akukho mntu wonzakeleyo. Kodwa u-Soldz uphikisa ukuba ukuphela kukaBurnham kuthetha ukuba uqikelelo lukaLancet II alusenakuthenjwa:
"Ukuba enye inkcukacha enkulu yemethodological igqwethiwe, asinakwazi ukuba ingaba ezinye iinkalo zophononongo zenziwe njengoko kuchaziwe."
Kulithandabuzo elibukhali ukuthabatha umba obaluleke ngolo hlobo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, eyona nto iphambili yophando lwangaphakathi lukaJohns Hopkins, engakhankanywanga nguSoldz, ithathe imbono eyahlukileyo:
"Ukufakwa kwezichongi akuzange kuchaphazele iziphumo zophando." (http://www.jhsph.edu/publichealthnews/press_releases/2009/iraq_review.html)
Sibuze uJohn Tirman, uMlawuli oyiNtloko we-MIT's Centre for International Studies, ngoluvo lwakhe nge-18 kaMatshi:
Molo John
Ndiyathemba ukuba uphilile. Siye satshintshiselana ngee-imeyile kunyaka ophelileyo. Ndiyazibuza ukuba uyavumelana na nezimvo zikaStephen Soldz malunga neziphumo zophando lwangaphakathi lukaJohns Hopkins kuphononongo luka-2006 lweLancet malunga nokufa kwabantu e-Iraq:
"Le mpazamo, kunye nokugubungela okunokwenzeka kwiingxelo zoluntu ezilandelayo kuthetha ukuba, ngokombono wam, asinakuphinda sithembele kuqikelelo lokufa kwe-Lancet II. Ukuba enye inkcukacha enkulu ye-methodological igqwethiwe, asinakwazi nje ukuba ezinye iinkalo zophando yenziwe njengoko kuchaziwe.
Kude kube kwaye ngaphandle kokuba kukho iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela, andicingi ukuba uqikelelo lwabo lokufa kwe-650,000 emva kohlaselo lunokuthenjwa. (https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/20890)
Ngaba oko akusiyo impendulo engenangqiqo, ngaphandle kokuba ukuziphatha kakubi kuchaphazele iziphumo? Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba yakwenza oko. UGilbert Burnham wagwetywa ngokobuqu. Isifundo asiphikiswanga.
Zithini iimbono zakho (ngokucaphula nceda)?
Ngeminqweno emihle
david
UTirman waphendula ngoMatshi 19:
Davide,
Ewe, ndivumelana nawe, kwaye ingxelo yeHopkins yenza kucace ukuba ukudideka malunga nezichazi (ngesiArabhu) akunanto yakwenza nokuthembeka kweendlela kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo. Enyanisweni, uphononongo lweHopkins luqinisekisile ukuba idatha iqokelelwe kwaye yangeniswa ngokufanelekileyo, into ethile abagxeki abaninzi baye baxhamla kwiinyanga ze-30. Ngoku kucacile ukuba idatha kunye nohlalutyo luqinile. Ewe, bekunokubakho impazamo yesampulu, kodwa oko kuhlala kusemngciphekweni; Andikholelwa ukuba sinokuyibona enye, kwaye abantu abaphambili-esitalatweni-bahamba ngokulula kule nto, njengoko bendichazile ngaphambili.
Inika umdla indlela eli qela lincinane leehabhu lizingisa ngayo iingxoxo [sic] kwizizathu ezinciphayo, xa amanani e-IBC kunye neDoD, kunye novavanyo lwe-MoH/WHO, luhamba ngaphandle kwezimvo ezigxekayo. Oku kusixelela ukuba baphezu kwantoni na.
Olwam uqikelelo, lwento eyixabisayo, yamanani angoku, usebenzisa uphando lwangaphambili kunye ne-IBC trend line, iphakathi kwe-800,000 kunye ne-1.3 yezigidi ezibhubhileyo ukusukela ngoJanuwari. Amanani abagxothiweyo, abahlolokazi, njalo njalo, bubungqina obuxhasayo.
Enkosi ngokuqhubeka nale nto.
Ngcono,
John
Njengoko uNoam Chomsky uye waphawula rhoqo, inkqubo ye-propaganda iya kwamkela nayiphi na inqanaba le-idiocy kunye nephutha, ukuba lilungele amandla. Chaza lonke uhlaselo lwase-Iraq ngenxa ye "al-Qaeda", umzekelo, kwaye akukho mntu uqaphelayo. Kwelinye icala, iminikelo eyonakalisa umdla onamandla ixhokonxa eyona migangatho idinisayo nengqongqo yokuphononongwa.
Amaphononongo amabini eLancet aye ajongana ngqo naloo nto, ngokungapheliyo, kwaye iziphumo zabo kunye neendlela ezisisiseko azikafunyaniswa zinqongophele. Siyazibuza ukuba zingaphi izifundo ezifanayo, ukuba ziphantsi komgangatho ofanayo wobutshaba kunye novavanyo, ezinokuvela zingenabala. Isiphumo sinamandla, ngakumbi kwihlabathi lezemfundo, apho naluphi na uthsuphe lwempikiswano yezopolitiko luyonakalisa. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba amalangatye anjalo anqabile, kukho utyekelo lokucinga ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kubekho umlilo+ phakathi kwawo wonke loo msi. Kodwa ngokufuthi akunjalo kwezobupolitika, apho ubuxoki busenokungaphenduki, ubuqhetseba obugxekayo.
Inyani yentlekele yase-US-UK e-Iraq, okanye inokuba, yintlekele enkulu ye-US-UK propaganda - ngobuxoki bobubele obunika umgaqo-nkqubo okhululekileyo. Kwaye ke umsinga wodaka ujongiwe kwizifundo zeLancet. Uloyiso olucacileyo aluzange lufunwe - injongo kukubhideka okwandisiweyo, ukuthandabuza okongeziweyo. Igama lobugcisa: iintonga zodaka!
La mandla e-flak, kwaye isiphumo esinye, ubuncinci, sicacile kakhulu - ababhali abakhokelayo abanesibindi, abanobubele, abanyanisekileyo kunye nabaqeqeshwe kakhulu beengxelo zeLancet baye, okwangoku, bathulisiwe.
ISICWANGCISO ESICETYISWAYO
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Bhalela uHugh Sykes kwiBBC
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Bhalela uSteve Herrmann, umhleli we-intanethi ye-BBC
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Bhala kuMadeleine Bunting kwi-Guardian
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Bhalela uAlan Rusbridger, umhleli we Guardian
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Nceda usithumelele ikopi yee-imeyile zakho
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I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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