Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, abathethi-thethwano abavela kurhulumente waseColombia bema kunye nabameli beqela labavukeli be-FARC bebhengeza ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano esiyimbali kwinkqubo yoxolo yelizwe.
Isiteyitimenti siphawule ukuphela kweenyanga zentetho enzima kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezibaxayo malunga nohlaziyo lwezolimo - amanqaku okuqala amahlanu kwi-ajenda kwitafile yothethathethwano eHavana. Kushicilelo loonondaba oludibeneyo, omabini la macala athembisa โutshintsho olumandla lwenyani yaseColombia yasemaphandleni nezolimo ngokulingana nedemokhrasi.โ
Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi lwabo bebesentliziyweni yengxabano yaseColombia kunye nokukhangela uxolo lwelizwe, ukuba loo maphupha aphakamileyo aya kuba yinyani zombini inkqubo yoxolo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwaso nasiphi na isivumelwano sokugqibela kufuneka sihambe ngaphaya kweengcango ezivaliweyo. IHavana kunye nezixeko, iidolophu kunye neelali zaseColombia.
Owayesakuba ngumlo we-guerrilla u-Alirio Arroyave ungomnye wabo bantu, kwaye ukholelwa ukuba impendulo yendlela iColombia inokuguqula ngayo i-rhetoric ephezulu ye-Havana ibe yinyani yaseColombia ilele kunye nesithembiso esingafezekiyo sedemokhrasi yokwenyani, iphupha elamenza ukuba abeke phantsi. iingalo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo.
U-Arroyave wazibandakanya nemvukelo emva kokutshutshiswa ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwakhe kumbutho wamalungelo omhlaba wasemaphandleni ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ekugqibeleni wafumana indlela yakhe yokungena kuMkhosi weNkululeko yeSizwe (ELN) โ nanamhla oku iqela lesibini elikhulu labanqolobi eColombia.
Noko ke, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-90, wakhuthazwa ngumgaqo-siseko omtsha welizwe, owayilwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yoxolo namajoni e-19th of April Movement (M-19) kunye nePopular Liberation Army (EPL). Wazimanya neqela eliqhekekayo le-ELN waza wawushiya umzabalazo wezigalo, eqinisekile ukuba amalungelo awawalwelayo ayefakwe kuxwebhu olwalunconywa ngamazwe ngamazwe njengeparagon yemilinganiselo yenkqubela phambili kunye namalungelo oluntu.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, ngelixa umgaqo-siseko waseColombia usanconywa ngamazwe ngamazwe, ungquzulwano lwelizwe lusaqhubeka. Kwi-Arroyave, isizathu soku kuphikisana silele kwizithembiso ezingazalisekiswayo zalo mgaqo-siseko. "Lo mgaqo-siseko wawusisizathu sokuba, ngokwaneleyo, kukho indlela entsha, ngoku sinokuqalisa iprojekthi yentlalontle ngaphakathi kwenkqubo-siseko yomgaqo-siseko omtsha waseColombia," watsho, "kodwa lo mgaqo-siseko uye wahlala emoyeni."
Impendulo ka-Arroyave malunga nendlela yokuhlisa umgaqo-siseko phantsi kunye nokwakha uxolo lokwenene noluhlala luhleli ngeli xesha kukuqinisekisa ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu, zombini ngexesha lenkqubo yoxolo nasemva. โUkuba akukho mbutho wentlalontle oxhasa inkqubo yoxolo [ungquzulwano] luyaqhubeka,โ utshilo.
Ukudala i-medium yokubandakanyeka koluntu kwiintetho ze-Havana, u-Arroyave usebenze ukuvuselela inkqubo eyaqala emva kweminyaka emva kokuchithwa kwakhe - i-Constituent Assemblies. Uhlobo lwentando yesininzi ngokuthe ngqo, iindibano zavumela abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwizigqibo kwimiba efana nokhuseleko loluntu, indalo, idemokhrasi kunye namalungelo oluntu kunye nemisebenzi. โIi-Constituent Assemblies lolunye ulwakhiwo loluntu kuba ziziindawo zokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi ezivumela ukubonisana noluntu,โ utshilo.
Kwincopho yazo, bekukho iindibano zoomasipala ezimalunga nama-300, uninzi lwabo kwisebe laseAntioquia elalizaliswe lugonyamelo. Nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi iye yaphazamiseka emva kokuba irhuluneli engenayo irhoxise inkxaso kunye nenkxaso-mali kuba abaququzeleli bawuphendula ngendlela engafanelekanga umbuzo: ngaba ukunye nabathathi-nxaxheba okanye ukunye nolawulo?
Ekuvuseleleni inkqubo, u-Arroyave ukholelwa ukuba iindibano ezinje ngoku zinokusebenza njengomjelo wokubandakanyeka koluntu kwinkqubo yoxolo. โUkuba siyakwazi ukudibanisa uluntu kule nkqubo, ukutsho โ oku yeyethu, kuhlangene, kuluntu โ kwaye eli libala esakha kulo uxolo, le yindlela yokwakha idemokhrasi yokwenene, ukwakha ubulungisa nobulungisa. uxolo, ke zonke iingxabano zemfazwe eColombia ziya kuphela, "watsho.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo ehlaziyiweyo ibone iindibano ezintsha ze-125 zikhula malunga ne-Antioquia. Iindibano ezitsha azivumeli kuphela abemi ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo kwimiba efana nophuhliso loqoqosho oluhlangeneyo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukamasipala, kunye nentando yesininzi yendawo kunye nokuzimela, baphinde baxoxe ngendlela abaza kwakha ngayo uxolo eColombia, kwaye sele bethumele uluhlu lweziphakamiso eziqulunqwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba. kubathethi-thethwano eHavana.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Arroyave ukholelwa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi akubalulekanga nje ngexesha lothethathethwano kodwa nasemva koko, xa nasiphi na isivumelwano abaphangi kunye nogwayimbo lukarhulumente kufuneka luphunyezwe. Unentembelo encinci kurhulumente waseColombia ukuba asebenze yedwa kule nkqubo. โAndikholelwa ukuba [iya kwenza iinguqu kwezentlalo] kuba kukho ungquzulwano olukhulu lweminqweno kwaye sithetha ngorhulumente kunye norhulumente namhlanje omele iimfuno zongxowankulu abakhulu, amaqela amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe โ urhulumente akakaqapheli. ukuba lilizwe likawonke-wonke.โ
Endaweni yoko, u-Arroyave ukholelwa ukuba, kuxhomekeke kubemi belizwe ukuba baqinisekise ukuba intetho yophuhliso kunye nokulingana idlulela ngaphaya koxwebhu olusayinwe ngurhulumente kunye neenkokeli zabanqolobi. โBenza izivumelwano kodwa sithi ekumele ukuba sizifezekise,โ utshilo. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, utshilo, abemi badinga indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba - hayi ngokungxamisekileyo ngeqela lezopolitiko laseColombia elidume ngobuqhophololo, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo. โNdiqinisekile ukuba indlela esa eluxolweni yidemokhrasi,โ utshilo.
E-Havana, i-FARC kunye norhulumente ngoku sele iqalile iingxoxo kwinqaku lesibini kwi-ajenda - ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko. Ugxininiso lweentetho luya kuba malunga nendlela i-FARC enokuthi ithathe inxaxheba ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo kwezopolitiko emva kokuchithwa.
Ku-Arroyave, nangona kunjalo, isitshixo soxolo oluhlala luhleli aluyi kuba ngamathuba anikezelwa kubapolitiki abanomdla phakathi kobunkokeli be-guerrilla, kodwa endaweni yokuba abantu abavukeli abathi bamele baya kukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nobomi belizwe.
โUtshintsho ekufuneka lwenziwe kufuneka luphume ngaphantsi, andikholelwa kwinto enokwenzeka ukuba kubekho utshintsho ukusuka phezulu,โ utshilo. "Isuka kwindawo ethe nkqo, njengoko sinayo namhlanje, ukuya kwindawo ethe tyaba kwaye sikwazi ukwakha iprojekthi yesizwe apho sonke samkelwa njengabadlali bezentlalo kunye nabantu."
UJames Bargent yintatheli ezimeleyo ehlala eColombia. 'Yabona jamesbargent.com
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