Iintsimbi ze-alam zi - luhlobo- lokukhala, Bloomberg Iingxelo, kwezona ndawo “zisefashonini zaseColombia zaseBogotá naseMedellin.”
Umongameli osandula ukunyulwa e-Columbia usanda kwenza isindululo serhafu yobutyebi, kusuku lwakhe lokuqala e-ofisini hayi ngaphantsi. KwiLatin America, ihlabathi uninzi olungalinganiyo kummandla, intshukumo elinganayo elolo hlobo idla ngokuba nelona lizwe linelungelo lokucaphuka kwaye libe namagwebu. Kwaye enye loo gwebu ngokuqinisekileyo iyavela ukusukela eGustavo Petro, eColumbia Ekuqaleni umongameli oshiyekileyo, wenze isindululo serhafu yakhe entsha kumathamsanqa. Umphathi ophezulu kunye neyona ndibano inkulu yezemali yaseColombia ngoku uthi ubona "Umngcipheko omkhulu" kwimarike yemasheya yesizwe "iya kunyamalala" phantsi kolawulo lukaPetro.
Kodwa izityebi zaseColombia, ngokubanzi, zibonisa ubuncinci obunjalo. Ngamafutshane, abona bazizityebi baseColombia abaziva ngathi umongameli wabo omtsha angazisa nakuphi na ukucudiswa kokwenyani kumaxabiso abo aphezulu. Petro "ukunqongophala kwesininzi seCongress" kunye nenkundla yomgaqo-siseko enamandla yaseColombia kunye nebhanki ephakathi, njengoko Financial Times uyathuthuzela kwaziswa Abatyali-zimali behlabathi, banokuthi "bacaphukise naziphi na iimpembelelo ezinkulu" kwicandelo lolawulo olutsha.
Ulawulo olutsha lwePetro, okwangoku, luye isizathu esaneleyo kwi-radicalism. Ngo-2019, unyaka wokugqibela ogcweleyo wangaphambi kobhubhani, akukho qoqosho luphambili lusekwe kwintengiso emhlabeni olunenqanaba eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemivuzo kuneColombia. Kwaye ukungalingani kweColombia kuye kwahlala kumiliselwe ngokuphawulekayo kwizizukulwana, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba izityebi zaseColombia ziye zakwazi ukudlulisela isabelo esikhulu sobutyebi babo kwinzala yabo kunezityebi zaso nasiphi na esinye isizwe. Esinye isiphumo: Esona si-1 ekhulwini siphambili eColombia sinomhlaba okhwankqisayo wama-81 ekhulwini webutho lawo, ngaphezu kwama-52 ekhulwini ngokomlinganiselo wommandla waseLatin America.
Inkqubo yerhafu yaseColombia ayinanto yakwenza nokungalingani okuchazwe ngokunzulu. Iirhafu e-Colombia, isifundo seBhanki yehlabathi ka-2021 bonisa, “bayakunciphisa ukungalingani kodwa kancinci kakhulu: nge-0.5 yepesenti enye.”
Ukungalingani okuqatha kunye nokuzinzileyo kweColombia kuye kwakhulisa izizukulwana zokungenzi nto - kubantu abaphakathi - urhulumente. IColombia ichitha ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-30 kwiinzuzo zentlalo kunomndilili weLatin America neCaribbean. Iinkqubo zaseColombia zokudlulisela imali kunye noncedo lwegesi, amanzi nombane, iBhanki Yehlabathi yongezelela, “inengxaki yokuvuza okukhulu okuvuzayo kumakhaya anengeniso ephezulu.”
Ekujonganeni nokungalingani oku nzulu, uGustavo Petro phawula kudliwanondlebe lwakhe lokuqala lweendaba zehlabathi emva konyulo lukamongameli lwase-Colombia ngoJuni, ixesha lifikile "lokwenza uhlaziyo, lokungazishiyi izinto njengoko zinjalo." Kwaye olo hlaziyo, ukholelwa ukuba uPetros, kufuneka eze ngokukhawuleza. Ephepheni, ixesha lakhe likamongameli lithatha iminyaka emine. Enyanisweni, uvakalelwa kukuba, unenye kuphela yokwenza umahluko.
UPetro ucacisa esithi: “Uhlaziyo lwenziwa kunyaka wokuqala, okanye alwenziwa konke konke.”
Intoni unako Uhlaziyo lukaPetro kunyaka wakhe wokuqala? Uthatha injongo ethile kwinkqubo yerhafu yaseColombia. Irhafu ngoku, uPetro uyacacisa, inokubanga ukuba inenkqubela phambili “ukuya kutsho kudidi oluphakathi oluphezulu” ekubeni abakumgangatho ophakathi abaphezulu behlawula irhafu eninzi kunodidi oluphakathi nabaphakathi ngaphezu kwabasebenzi.
UPetro uthi: “Kodwa abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi kukho okungekho sikweni. “Umntu wasebhankini uhlawula irhafu encinane kunonobhala kwiofisi yakhe. Kwaye ayinakuba njalo. ”
Irhafu yobutyebi eyacetywa nguPetros ngokusesikweni ngosuku lwakhe lokuqala luka-Agasti eofisini ayifani “nerhafu yobutyebi” ebihleli kwikhowudi yerhafu yaseColombia isithuba esingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Lo mrhumo wabadala usebenza kuphela kwi yokuqala ixabiso lokuthengwa kwempahla efana nezitokhwe, iibhondi, kunye ne-real estate kwaye ayithathi yangoku ixabiso kwi-akhawunti. Kwabona bazizityebi baseColombia, irhafu ixabisa into encinci ecaphukisayo kakhulu.
Irhafu yobutyebi ecetywayo kaPetro iya kuthi, ngokuchaseneyo, inyanzelise abona bazizityebi baseColombia ukuhlawula ngonyaka 1 ekhulwini irhafu yonyaka kulo lonke ixabiso asethi lobuqu phezu $1.1 yezigidi, ngelo xabiso esekelwe ngalo mhla amazinga emarike. Ixabiso le-asethi phakathi malunga ne-$ 600,000 kunye ne-1.1 yezigidi zeedola ziya kujongana nerhafu ye-0.5 yepesenti.
Irhafu yobutyebi bePetro, njengoko kucetyiwe, iya kuwela kuphela kwabo bazizityebi nge-0.02 ekhulwini kubemi baseColombia. Ukutshintsha okuthe kratya kwabona batyebileyo baseColombia banokuzifumana benamatyala erhafu aphezulu kakhulu ukuba irhafu ecetywayo yePetro yokunyuswa kwengeniso yesahlulo iba ngumthetho. IPetro nayo inerhafu entsha yokuphela konyaka kwi-oyile kunye namaqumrhu emigodi.
Ukupasiswa kwaso nasiphi na kwezi zindululo kungathathwa njengembali. E-Colombia, njenge-Bogotá i-tank ye-economist uMaría Fernanda Valdés uyabona, “Asizange sibe nohlaziyo olujoliswe ekwenzeni abantu abafumana imivuzo eninzi.”
Izindululo zikaPetro ngoku zinengqwalasela yoshicilelo lweshishini laseMelika, kwaye iintloko-ndaba ezothusayo sele ziqalisile ukuvela. "IiRhafu zokuNyusa i-200% yabantu baseColombia abazizityebi kwiBill ephefumlelwe nguThomas Piketty," Bloomberg ingxelo ekuqaleni kwale veki umemezele, ephosa isalathiso kwingcali yezoqoqosho yaseFransi ethe yaba ngoyena mxhasi wehlabathi wokurhafiswa kobutyebi babucala.
Ipakethe yerhafu yePetro iya kuthi ngenene inyuse irhafu abona bazizityebi baseColombia minyaka le bebhatala ngepesenti ezingama-200- intlawulo yabo yerhafu kathathu, ngokwenyani. Kodwa olonyuso lweepesenti ezingama-200 luthetha ngakumbi malunga nokuba izityebi ezincinci zaseColombia ngoku zihlawula irhafu kune-radicalism yento iPetro icebisayo.
Phakathi kwimigangatho yenkulungwane yama-20 yase-US, uhlaziyo lwerhafu uPetro alucebisayo luhlale luthozamile. Akukho pokotho enzulu eColombia iya kuhlawula ngaphezu kwe-39 yepesenti yayo nayiphi na idola kwingeniso phantsi kweziphakamiso zePetro. EUnited States, umlinganiselo werhafu kwingeniso engaphezu kwee-$200,000—elingana ne-3.4 yezigidi zeerandi namhlanje— ibe ngama-94 ekhulwini ngo-1944, kwaye izinga lerhafu eliphezulu lesizwe liya kuhlala lijikeleza malunga nama-90 ekhulwini kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo.
Ezo rhafu ziphezulu kwinkulungwane yase-US, phawula oosoqoqosho u-Emmanuel Saez noGabriel Zucman, wakhonza "ukunyanzela abo bangenabungcathu, kwaye ngakumbi abangabafanelanga, ukuqokelela ubutyebi." Kumashumi eminyaka kanye emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, bongezelela besithi, iUnited States “yasondela njengalo naliphi na ilizwe ledemokhrasi” “ekunyanzeliseni owona mvuzo uphakamileyo usemthethweni.” Ukungalingani kwengeniso yelizwe ngaphambi kwerhafu "yehla kakhulu."
Kwaye emva kwemfazwe yaseJapan, apho abahlali base-US babeka i-85-pesenti yezinga eliphezulu lerhafu, babona ibali elifanayo. Phakathi kowe-1950 nowe-1982, uSaez noZucman banikela iinkcukacha, “iJapan yakhula ngeyona milinganiselo ikhawulezayo yakha yarekhodwa,” “kwelinye lawona mabali abalaseleyo empumelelo kwezoqoqosho embalini.”
EUnited States, unyulo lukaRonald Reagan lowe-1980 lwaphelisa ixesha lerhafu ephezulu kwimivuzo ephezulu. Abona bazizityebi baseMelika, nangaphambi kokuba bathathele ingqalelo imikroba, namhlanje bahlawula irhafu ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha somlinganiselo ophezulu osebenza kwiminyaka yoo-1950. Amaxabiso erhafu aphantsi eKholombiya ngoku kwimivuzo ephezulu abonisa irhafu ephezulu ephantsi kwimivuzo ephezulu eUnited States.
UGustavo Petro kunye nabaxhasi bakhe baseColombia abafumana umvuzo ophakathi ngoku bathathe inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekupheliseni ilifa likaRonald Reagan le-hemispheric. Umzabalazo wabo ongaphambili uya kuba nzima kwaye udilize. Banqwenelele ithamsanqa.
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