I-RICHMOND, CA.–Ngolwesihlanu odlulileyo nangoMgqibelo ibiziintsuku ezixakekileyo kusodolophu oqhubela phambili uGayle McLaughlin, Uyinkokeli enyanisekileyo, esebenza nzima, kwaye ihlala ixabene nezopolitiko kwesi sixeko sinekhola eluhlaza ye-100,000, apho oyena mqeshi mkhulu wemizimveliso yiChevron. UMcLaughlin wayenamagqwetha awayeza kuthetha nawo, iintatheli zathetha ngokufutshane, emva koko kwangamakhulukhulu abatyeleli abangaphandle kwedolophu ukuba babulise. Abanye babengazange baye eRichmond ngaphambili kwaye omnye wahamba indlela yonke esuka eVermont ukuya kuthetha inyaniso enegunya emva koko babanjwe apha.
Kwi-punch enye-ezimbini ngokuchasene neRichmond yenkulungwane yakudala yokucokisa, uMcLaughlin waqala wabiza inkomfa yabezindaba ngolwesiHlanu ebhengeza ukuba iRichmond imangalela iChevron. Kwiiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine emva koko, waya kwisango elikhulu lenkampani yeoli ehamba nayo 350.org Umseki uBill McKibben kunye namawaka aliqela abanye abachasi bokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Apho, bangaphezu kwama-200 abaqhankqalazi ababandakanyeka ekungathobelini uluntu ngoxolo, kunye nombhali othengisa kakhulu ovela kwiKholeji yaseMiddlebury ekhokela indlela. Umboniso omkhulu we-anti-Chevron kwimbali yaseRichmond wawuququzelelwe ngu 350.org, njengenxalenye yephulo lelizwe lonke elithi “Ubushushu basehlotyeni”. Ngetyala layo, umbutho oxhasayo usebenze ngokusondeleyo neRichmond Progressive Alliance (RPA) kunye namanye amaqela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkxalabo zasekhaya zinxulunyaniswe ngokufanelekileyo nezo zelizwe kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Isenzo somthetho esichasene neChevron ngoLwesihlanu, silandelwa linyathelo elithe ngqo ngempelaveki, siphawule isikhumbuzo sokuqala somlilo kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo olwenze umsi oyityhefu ngo-Agasti 6, 2012. le ngozi ephandwe kakhulu ngoku. Bangaphezu kwe-15,000 abantu kwindawo yaseRichmond bafuna ukhathalelo lwegumbi likaxakeka emva kokuhlanjwa ngokuwa ngenxa yokuqhuma.
Ukwaphulwa Kwemithetho Ngabom
IBhodi yoKhuseleko lweMichiza yaseU.S. yafumanisa ubungqina bokuba, ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iinjineli zeChevron ngokwazo zincomele umsebenzi wokulungisa umbhobho odlekileyo ngempazamo. UCal/OSHA ucaphule i-Chevron ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lwezokhuseleko olulishumi elinanye “ngabom” kwaye yabeka esona sohlwayo sikhulu kwimbali ye-arhente, isohlwayo sesigidi seerandi esikhuphisanayo yinkampani. I-Chevron ithi ihlawule i-10 yezigidi zeedola ukubuyisela izibhedlele zasekuhlaleni kunye nokwanelisa amanye amabango angama-24,000 afakwe ngabantu abachatshazelwe ngumlilo. Iphinde yacela ukungakhuphisani kwizityholo ezithandathu ezifakwe ngabatshutshisi bakarhulumente kunye nabasekhaya kwaye ivumile ukuhlawula i-2 yezigidi zeerandi kwisohlwayo kunye nokubuyiselwa.
Imizamo kaRichmond yokufuna imbuyekezo eyongezelelekileyo kubemi bayo yakhokelela kwisindululo solungiso esixelwe ukuba yi-10 yezigidi zeedola okanye ngaphantsi. (Ukugcina eso sixa siseso, nceda uqaphele ukuba iChevron isanda kunika ingxelo yengeniso yekota yesibini edandathekileyo kancinane ye-5.37 yeebhiliyoni zeedola!) NgoJulayi, ibhunga ledolophu elihlala liqhawuka liye lavota ngamxhelo mnye ukuba lilandele ubulungisa bemekobume phambi kwejaji kunye nejaji kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseContra Costa County. . Isimangalo somonakalo waseRichmond sityhola ukuba intlekele yalo nyaka uphelileyo ibonakalise “iminyaka yokungahoywa, ukongamela, kunye nokungakhathali kwenkampani kuhlolo oluyimfuneko nokulungiswa kokhuseleko.”
Ubushushu behlobo
Imatshi emibalabala yeemayile ezi-2 ngoMgqibelo igxininise kukuziphatha kakubi kweChevron yangaphambili eRichmond kunye nendima yayo eqhubekayo yokufudumala kwehlabathi kuyo yonke indawo. Abafundi kunye namatsha ntliziyo asekuhlaleni, 350.org abaxhasi abavela kuwo wonke amantla eCalifornia, kunye neqela elidlamkileyo leemanyano zabasebenzi bahlanganisene kufutshane nesikhululo sesixeko se-BART. Izibhengezo nemiqondiso yazo yayibalaselisa iimfuno zoqhanqalazo lwangaphambili “lokuButshisa kweHlobo” eMaine, eMichigan, eMassachusetts, eUtah, nakwamanye amazwe: “Akusayi kubakho ngozi eziyityhefu, akusayi kuphinda kubekho mibhobho yeKeystone XL, akusayi kusulungekiswa tela okanye inkunkuma eqhekeziweyo—Ewe, kuya kusiba mbi. inguqu nje ukusuka kumafutha efosili ukuya kwimisebenzi yemanyano yamandla acocekileyo!”
Umgca kaMatshi uthabathe abaqhankqalazi ukusuka kumbindi wesixeko, wadlula eKaiser Permanente kunye neyadi yethu enkulu yaseBurlington kuMntla weSanta Fe kaLoliwe, ukuya kwilali encinci yasePt. Richmond. "Inqaku," njengoko abantu balapha beyibiza njalo, inomgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-600 ukuya eSan Francisco Bay, apho iitanki eziziitoni ezingama-XNUMX zimisa yonke imihla ukuze ziphembelele indawo yokucokisa, omnye wabavelisi abaphambili baseCalifornia begesi yegreenhouse.
Ekupheleni koqhanqalazo, irhetoric yerali yaphuma ngokukhululekileyo ngasemva kwilori yokulanda, ixhobe ngee-amps ezinkulu eziphathwayo. Yayipakwe phambi kohola wendlela i-580, kunye neitanki zokugcina ze-Chevron zibonakala ngokucacileyo kumqolo osemva kwesityalo. Izithethi zibonise iyantlukwano ekhulayo kwintshukumo yendawo yendawo. Abemi bomthonyama baseMerika bahamba, belandelwa ngabahlalutyi baseAfrika baseMelika, baseLaotian, naseLatino “besiphithiphithi semozulu.” Inxibe umnqwazi omnyama woboya obufana nohlobo lwaseRashiya, nenkwenkwezi encinane ebomvu kuwo, inkokeli yeWest County Toxics Coalition uHenry Clark yafuna ukuba iChevron “ibuyekeze abantu ngomonakalo kubo nakuluntu lwabo.” UClark ukhumbule imbali ende yempembelelo yeshishini kunye neengxaki zongcoliseko eRichmond, evuyisana naye xa wabhengeza ngomsindo wathi: “Asiyodolophu yenkampani embi le. Le yidolophu yabantu!”
Walandelwa luluntu lomququzeleli weNdalo eNgcono u-Andres Soto. Emva kokumatanisa ngokukhuselekileyo isihlwele sisuka edolophini sisiya kwindawo yokucokisa, uSoto wagxeka “i-Chevron’s stooges kwibhunga lesixeko”—amaDemocrats amabini amnyama athe axhamla kwizigidi zeerandi ezichithwe yinkampani kunyulo lwakutsha nje lomasipala. Utitshala odla umhlala-phantsi waseRichmond kunye netshantliziyo le-RPA u-Eduardo Martinez uthethe ngexabiso elihlawulwe ngabo babethwa ngumoya besuka kwaChevron. Kwisikolo apho wayekade efundisa khona, abafundi abaneengxaki zokuphefumla benza iqela lasemva kwesikolo elaziwa ngokuba yi "club ye-asthma" ngenxa yokuba babengenakuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezemidlalo eqhelekileyo.
Ungcoliseko lwezopolitiko
Xa uMartinez wadinwa waza wabalekela isihlalo sebhunga lesixeko kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uChevron wachitha phantse i-200,000 yeedola ukuze amthambise kwaye amoyise. (“Andizange ndiyazi ukuba ndixabiseke kangako,” watsho kwindibano.) Ngokuphathelele impilo yesixeko nabantwana baso, “iChevron mayiyeke ukungcolisa inkqubo yedemokhrasi,” watsho.
UDoria Robinson, oselula, onxibe iidreadlocks umlawuli we-Urban Tilth, uchaze ifuthe lomlilo walo nyaka uphelileyo kwizitiya zoluntu ezilishumi elinambini ezihlala kwiqela lakhe esixekweni. I-Urban Tilth kwafuneka itsale kwaye ilahle iziqhamo zeenyanga ezintandathu zemifuno ekhula ngenxa yongcoliseko olunokwenzeka. UChevron, uthe, "ayihlawulanga nto ngento abayenzileyo kwiigadi zethu." I-Urban Tilth ixhobise abo bamatshayo ngoMgqibelo ngoojongilanga abanesiqu eside “abanceda ekukhupheni ityhefu emhlabeni kwaye babonakalise amandla elanga,” ucacise watsho. Ngokomyalelo ovela eqongeni, iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo ezityheli zaphakanyiswa phezulu, njengezinti ezikhazimlayo kwikonsathi yomculo werock, zenza intsimi kajongilanga engaqhelekanga embindini weRichmond Parkway.
Iinkwenkwezi zamatye kule ndawo zazineminyaka engama-61 ubudala uMcLaughlin, kunye noMcKibben owaziwa kuzwelonke. Yaziswa "njengegorha lokwenyani likaMama woMhlaba," usodolophu unike ingxelo ngentlanganiso yakhe yakutshanje noKory Judd, umphathi jikelele omtsha weChevron eRichmond. UJudd uphumile ebumelwaneni, eqinisekisa wonke umntu ukuba umqeshi wakhe akanazicwangciso zokuqhuba isanti yaseCanada ekrwada ngemibhobho yakhe ethembekileyo. Njengoko uMcLaughlin enyanzelise kwintetho yakhe emfutshane, iChevron "isafuna inkcubeko entsha yokhuseleko" kwaye abamelwane bayo base-East Bay bafuna "izinto ezikhutshwayo zincitshiswe ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo zibe nelungelo lokuphila kunye nokuphefumla kwiplanethi ezinzileyo."
UMcKibben omde, obhityileyo ukhwele eqongeni enxibe iiteki, ijean, ihempe eneplaid kunye nekepusi yebaseball. Ebambe ingalo yakhe kwinkosikazi yakhe, wayekhangeleka ngathi usanda kuphumelela utsalo lwetrektara kuMbono weNtlambo yaseChamplain emva ekhaya. Uye waqaphela ukuba iRichmond kuphela kwendlela awayemisa ngayo kukhenketho lwakhe loqhanqalazo 350.org wayefumene unyango lwekhaphethi ebomvu kwiholo yesixeko. Uncome umboniso "omkhulu wabasebenzi" -oquka abaphembeleli abavela kwiCarlifonia Nurses Association, UNITE APHA, AFSCME, ILWU, IWW, CWA, kunye ne-OUR Walmart (kodwa baninzi abasebenzi be-Steelworkers abavela ngaphakathi kwindawo yokucokisa).
Ukuhamba ngeSolar
UMcKibben uvakalise ithemba malunga nomlo oqhubekayo wokuvala umbhobho we-Keystone kodwa walumkisa malunga nefuthe lokufudumala kwehlabathi kwe-Chevron evunyelwe ukutshisa ngeebhiliyoni ezilithoba zemiphanda yepetroleum. Ejonge phezulu esibhakabhakeni ngoku esiqaqambileyo phezu kwePoint Richmond, umtyeleli wethu weGreen Mountain waphawula ecaphukile ukuba “sijamelene nokuchitheka kwelanga” waza wakhalaza “lonke ilanga liza kutshabalala.” Iza kufika imini, waxela kwangaphambili, "xa iChevron iya kuba yinkampani yamandla esebenza elangeni nasemoyeni okanye baphume ishishini."
Ngelo xesha kwityala, lalifikile ixesha lokuba kuhlalwe phantsi ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo eyathi yacinezela kufutshane nesango leplanti. Abangathobeliyo bajongana neqela elixhotyiswe kakuhle labona babalaseleyo baseRichmond. Amanye amagosa abonakala enxibe ngokugqithisileyo ngesi sihlandlo. Kodwa babejongiwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngokwesiqhelo, yiNtloko yamaPolisa aseRichmond uChris Magnus, kutsha nje ubongelwe kwicala lasekhohlo. East Bay Express "njengepolisa eliphezulu elifumanayo." Phakathi kwabanxibi beengubo ezimhlophe ababelinde ngomonde ukubotshwa baze babekwe ityala kwakukho ixhegwazana elineminyaka engama-90 elafika kuqhankqalazo nomzukulwana walo. (Emva kokucubungula, bonke abo babanjiweyo bakhululwa kwaye izityholo zayekwa.)
Kunye nojongilanga babo ababunayo ngoku, abanye abaqhankqalazi ecaleni bebesadlula kwisibhengezo sephepha esingaqhelekanga esiphuma kuhlelo lwangoMgqibelo. IContra Costa Maxesha. Yahlawulwa ngurhulumente wase-Ecuador, umhlobo omtsha wesixeko sethu esimi kude kuneVermont. Akukho mntu ungaqhelananga nobungqongqo bokumangalela iChevron (kwimeko yabo, ngokulahlwa kwenkunkuma enetyhefu kummandla weAmazon), abemi base-Ecuador bavakalisa umanyano “nabantu baseRichmond ngosuku lwabo lokuqhankqalaza ngentlekele nemiphumo yayo.” Sathi isibhengezo: “Kumlo ochasene neChevron, abantu base-Ecuador nabantu baseRichmond banokusebenzisa esona sixhobo sitshabalalisayo sakha sayilwa…
(Iintatheli uSteve Early kunye noSuzanne Gordon ngabamelwane abatsha beChevron kunye namalungu eRichmond Progressive Alliance. Basebenza ngencwadi emalunga nokudityaniswa kobuhlanga, udidi, imfuduko, indalo, kunye nemiba yophuhliso loqoqosho eRichmond. [imeyile ikhuselwe])
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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