Intetho kaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush phambi kweNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngomhla we-19 kuSeptemba ibonakala iyilelwe abaphulaphuli basekhaya base-US. Ngokwenene, bambalwa kubathunywa bamazwe angaphandle okanye iintatheli zamazwe ngamazwe ezikhoyo ezinokuthabatha nzulu intetho yakhe malunga nokukhuthazwa kwedemokhrasi kuMbindi Mpuma, xa kujongwa ubunyani bomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kulo mmandla.
โNgale ntsasa, ndifuna ukuthetha ngehlabathi elinethemba elingakumbi esilifikelelayo, ihlabathi elingaphaya koloyiko, apho amadoda namabhinqa aqhelekileyo ekhululekile ukuba azenzele isigqibo ngekamva lawo, apho amazwi okumodareyitha axhotyiswa khona, nalapho abantu abaneengcwangu bakhoyo. besikelwe bucala sisininzi esinoxolo. Eli hlabathi linokuba lelethu ukuba siyalifuna yaye sisebenza kunye.โ
Phantsi koMongameli Bush, iUnited States iye yajongela phantsi kakhulu amandla oluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukusebenzisana ukuxhobisa amazwi okumodareyitha kunye nokujongela phantsi abantu abagqithileyo. Umzekelo, ulawulo lukaBush luye kwiinzame ezinkulu zokujongela phantsi iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe, enokuthi idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni kwezobulungisa iingcaphephe ezijongene nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini. Ngokufanayo, ngenkxaso ye-bipartisan kwiCongress, ulawulo lukaBush lwahlasela iNkundla yezoBulungisa yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yesigqibo sayo esibalulekileyo se-2004 malunga nezibophelelo zabatyikityi ukunyanzelisa iNgqungquthela yesine yaseGeneva. IUnited States, inkqenkqeza phambili ekuthengiseni izixhobo ehlabathini, iye yavala iinzame zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zokuthintela ukurhweba ngezixhobo ezincinane ezisetyenziswa ngabanqolobi. Okwangoku, i-United States ithumela iingalo ezininzi kunye noncedo lokhuseleko kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe kulawulo lwe-autocratic kunye nabanye abaphula umthetho wamalungelo oluntu amkelwe kwihlabathi liphela kuMbindi Mpuma nakwezinye iindawo.
โKutshanje iqela elikhaliphileyo leenkcuba-buchopho zama-Arabhu namaSilamsi liye landibhalela ileta. Kuyo, bathi: 'Unxweme lohlaziyo lolo lodwa apho naziphi na izibane zibonakala kulo, nangona uhambo lufuna inkalipho nomonde nonyamezelo.' โฆ Sikunye kufuneka sixhase amaphupha abantu abalungileyo nabanesidima abasebenzela ukuguqula ummandla onenkathazoโฆโ
Yintoni uMongameli Bush ahlulekile ukuyikhankanya kukuba ileta, apho i-90 yeengqondo ezibalaseleyo zommandla zabiza uMongameli Bush "ukuba aqinisekise - ngamazwi nangezenzo - ukuzibophelela kweMelika ekuhlaziyweni kwedemokhrasi eqhubekayo kwilizwe lama-Arabhu" kwachaza ukuba "yinkolelo yethu ukuba ingxaki enkulu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US uMbindi Mpuma (ngokukodwa eIraq, ePalestina nakwezinye iindawo) kukusilela kwawo ukuphila ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yaseMerika yenkululeko nokusesikweni kubo bonke.โ Le leta ikwacele uMongameli Bush ukuba "ahlukane neminyaka engama-60 yenkxaso yase-US kulawulo olungeyiyo eyedemokhrasi kulo mmandla, kwaye enze loo nto yaziwe kwihlabathi ngokungathandabuzekiyo" kwaye "acinezele ukuba kupheliswe ukucinezelwa korhulumente wedemokhrasi. amaqela enkululeko namaSilamsi, kunye nokuzikhwebula ngokuqinileyo kwingcinezelo enjalo kwaye ayigwebe ngeyona ndlela inamandla nanini na naphi na apho isenzeka khona.โ Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba ulawulo lukaBush luzimisele ukutshintsha imigaqo-nkqubo yalo, nangona kunjalo.
"Olunye utshintsho kuMbindi Mpuma lwenzeka kancinci kancinci, kodwa luyinyani ... I-United Arab Emirates isandula ukubhengeza ukuba isiqingatha sezihlalo kwiBhunga leSizwe le-Federal siyakunyulwa ngonyulo. I-Kuwait ibambe unyulo apho abafazi bavunyelwe ukuvota kwaye bangenelele kwizikhundla okokuqala. Abemi bavote kunyulo loomasipala eSaudi Arabia, kunyulo lwepalamente eJordan naseBahrain, nakunyulo lwamaqela ngamaqela e-Yemen nase-Egypt. La ngamanyathelo abalulekileyoโฆโ
Akukho nalunye "lonyulo" uMongameli Bush alukhankanyileyo luyinyani okanye lubalulekile.
I-Federal National Council kwi-United Arab Emirates isebenza kuphela njengombutho ocebisayo. Onke amandla ezopolitiko akwiBhunga eliPhakamileyo labaLawuli, elibandakanya abalawuli abasixhenxe beemirates zefederation.
E-Kuwait, apho kuphela i-15% yabemi belizwe elinamalungelo okuvota, intsapho yasebukhosini ubukhulu becala ibeka i-ajenda yomgaqo-nkqubo, ilawula ezopolitiko zelizwe, kwaye ilawula nawaphi na amandla okwenene ezopolitiko. I-emir engakhethwanga yonyula inkulumbuso kunye nekhabhinethi, kwaye usapho lwasebukhosini luphethe phantse zonke izikhundla eziphambili kwaye inokuchitha ipalamente ngokuthanda kwakhe iminyaka ngexesha, njengoko yenze kabini kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Ngamadoda kuphela avumelekileyo ukuba avote eSaudi Arabia kwaye kuphela isiqingatha sezihlalo kumabhunga kamasipala. Akukho mgaqo-siseko, akukho ndlu yowiso-mthetho, namaqela ezopolitiko. Usapho lwasebukhosini lusebenzisa amandla ezopolitiko kuphela ngokubambisana negalelo elivela kumaSilamsi angakhethwanga. ulama. Ingcungcuthekiso, ukubulawa kwabantu ngaphandle kwenkundla, nemiqathango eqatha kwinkululeko yokuthetha zizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Bambalwa abajonga unyulo lwamva nje lwaseJordani lwendlu esezantsi yepalamente, ngenxa yokungamelwa kakhulu komzobo wesithili sendibano esixhasa ubukhosi kunye nezithintelo kumaqonga ezopolitiko anokuthi athethelelwe ngamaqela ukuze athathe inxaxheba. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, indlu ephantsi ekhethiweyo ayikwazi ukuqalisa umthetho kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza imithetho ngaphandle kwemvume yendlu ephezulu, etyunjwe ngukumkani. Ukumkani unokuchitha ipalamente ngokuthanda kwakhe, njengoko wenzayo phakathi kuka-2001 kunye no-2003 ngaphandle kwenkcaso ebonakalayo evela kulawulo lukaBush.
Nangona uluntu luvuleleke ngakumbi kuneSaudi Arabia engabamelwane, ulonyulo lwasepalamente lwamva nje lwaseBahrain lwagxothwa ngabashiyekileyo kunye namaqela aphambili angamaShiite ngenxa yolulo lonyulo kunye nezithintelo kukhankaso lwezopolitiko. Le kumkani - ephuma kwigcuntswana lamaSunni elizweni - inegunya lokugqibela kumasebe alawulayo, ezomthetho, kunye namasebe eenkundla.
Kunyulo oluzayo lukamongameli eYemen, urhulumente kunye namapolisa bebesoloko betyhala ngokuphandle ukuba abonyulwe kwakhona phakathi kwezityholo ezixhaphakileyo zokugrogrisa abavoti, ukuqhatha uvoto, ukuthenga ivoti kunye nobuqhophololo bokubhalisa. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbini ngaphambi kokuvota, uMongameli u-Ali Abdullah Saleh - oye wabamba amandla iminyaka eyi-28 kwaye wathi uloyiso kunyulo lokugqibela nge-94% yevoti - ubhengeze ukubanjwa "kwezityholo" zegosa lephulo lomchasi wakhe ohamba phambili.
Unyulo lukamongameli lwangonyaka ophelileyo eYiputa lwalubi kakhulu kunolwaseYemen kuba urhulumente wase-Mubarak oxhaswa yi-US wabhengeza elona qela liphikisayo likhulu ngokungekho mthethweni, wavalwa ngokufanelekileyo abagqatswa abazimeleyo, wanqanda ngokungqongqo ukufikelela kumajelo eendaba kunye namalungelo okupapasha amaphulo aphikisayo, kwaye wala ukuvumela ababukeli bamazwe ngamazwe. Kuphela i-23% yabavoti bazikhathaza ukuya kwi-polls, kwaye u-Mubarak waphumelela unyulo kwakhona nge-88% yevoti engenakwenzeka. Imikhosi yezokhuseleko karhulumente yabetha kwaye yabamba abaqhankqalazi abafuna unyulo oluvulelekileyo ngakumbi, kwaye lowo uphume kwindawo yesibini kugqatso lobumongameli wafumana isigwebo seminyaka emihlanu entolongweni.
Mhlawumbi unyulo olukhululekileyo kwihlabathi lama-Arabhu kunyaka ophelileyo lwenzeka eLebhanon nakwimimandla yasePalestina. Kwiinyanga nje, nangona kunjalo, i-United States yaxhasa uhlaselo lwakwa-Israel kwezi zizwe ezibulele amakhulu abantu kwaye zabangela umonakalo oxabisa iibhiliyoni zeedola kwiziseko zabo zoluntu - isalathiso sendlela i-United States eziva ngayo ngonyulo olukhululekileyo.
โAbanye baphikise ngelithi utshintsho lwedemokhrasi esilubonayo kuMbindi Mpuma luyawuphazamisa lo mmandla. Le ngxabano ixhomekeke kwingcinga yobuxoki, yokuba uMbindi Mpuma wawuzinzile ekuqaleni. Inyaniso yeyokuba uzinzo esasicinga ukuba silubonile kuMbindi Mpuma yayiyinto engaqhelekanga.โ
Olu luphawu olulahlekisayo kakhulu lwabagxeki bolawulo:
Okokuqala, uMbindi Mpuma awuzange ubonwe njengenxalenye ezinzileyo yehlabathi ukususela ngaphambi kokuwa koBukhosi base-Ottoman. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abakhi-mkhanya bangaphandle baye baluqonda ngokubanzi ungquzulwano olukhulu oluqhubekayo kuloo mmandla. Kwakungekho โsingangaโ apha.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, akukho mntu uxoxayo ukuba utshintsho olunqongophele kakhulu lwedemokhrasi kwiminyaka yakutsha nje luwuxinzelele phantsi ummandla. Endaweni yoko, abagxeki bomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US baqaphela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba lo mmandla uye wonakaliswa luhlaselo lwase-US lwase-Iraq, ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi emkhosini wase-US, kunye nokunye ukunyhashwa kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yase-US kunye nolongamo lwelizwe.
โKangangamashumi eminyaka, izigidi zamadoda namabhinqa kulo mmandla beziphantsi kwengcinezelo nokuphelelwa lithemba. Yaye ezi meko zasishiya isizukulwana siphoxekile, yaza yenza lo mmandla waba yindawo yokuzalela abantu abaneembono ezibaxiweyo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba kunjani ukuba ngumntu oselula ohlala kwilizwe elingasingiseleli kuhlaziyo: โฆ wondliwe ipropaganda kunye neethiyori zamayelenqe ezityhola abanye ngokusilela kwelizwe lakho. Kwaye naphi na apho ubheka khona, uva abantu abangoontamo-lukhuni bekuxelela ukuba ungabaleka inkxwaleko yakho kwaye ubuyise isidima sakho ngogonyamelo noloyiko nangokufelโ ukholo. Kwabaninzi kuMbindi Mpuma ngokubanzi, olu lukhetho olubi oluvezwa yonke imihla. โ
Ingcamango yokuba ukuba nabantu abaninzi โabavaleleke kwingcinezeloโ kubangela โindawo yokuzalela iimbono ezibaxiweyoโ ifanelekile. Kodwa abona bantu bayingozi kakhulu kulo mmandla bavela phakathi kwamaSaudi, amaJiphutha, kunye namaPalestine, bonke abangamaxhoba engcinezelo yezopolitiko ngoorhulumente abaxhaswa yi-United States. Kwaye ngelixa abantu abaneengcwangu bexhaphaza abo babandezelekileyo phantsi kwengcinezelo enjalo ekuxhaseni ingcamango yabo eyingozi kunye namaqhinga, kokubili ukuhlala okuqhubekayo kwe-Israel kunye nokulawulwa kwenani labanye oorhulumente baseMbindi Mpuma ngabalawuli abangoozwilakhe benziwa ukuba kwenzeke inxalenye enkulu ngumkhosi wase-US, uqoqosho, kunye nenkxaso yozakuzo. Abantu abachaphazelekileyo sele beyiqonda ngokubanzi le nyani, kwaye sesona sizathu siphambili sobunqolobi obuchasene neMelika.
โKubantu baseLebhanon: Kunyaka ophelileyo, waphefumlela ihlabathi xa wawuphuma ezitalatweni ufuna ukuzimela kwakho kulawulo lwaseSyria. Uyigxothile imikhosi yaseSyria kwilizwe lakho kwaye ubuyisele idemokhrasi. Ukusukela ngoko, uye wavavanywa ngumlo owaqala ngohlaselo olungaphehliswanga lweHezbollah kuSirayeli. Uninzi lwenu luwabonile amakhaya enu kunye noluntu lubanjwe kungquzulwano lwemilo ... IZizwe eziManyeneyo zipasise isigqibo esilungileyo esigunyazise umkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe, okhokelwa yiFransi ne-Italiya, ukukunceda ubuyisele ulongamo lwaseLebhanon kumhlaba waseLebhanon.
Olu kufikelela kubantu baseLebhanon alunanyani kumacala aliqela. Okokuqala, iUnited States yaqala ukuxhasa ukungenelela komkhosi waseSyria eLebhanon ngo-1976 kunye nokuqiniswa kwawo amandla ngo-1990. Okwesibini, u-Israel wacwangcisa uhlaselo lwakhe ngokubonisana ngokusondeleyo kunye nolawulo lukaBush ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-Hezbollah ngoJulayi 12 kwisithuba somda we-Israel. Okwesithathu, amakhaya kunye noluntu lwaseLebhanon โababanjiswanga kuqhushululuโ kodwa babengamaxhoba oqhushumbo olukhulu kunye nokudutyulwa yimikhosi exhobileyo yase-US eyayibonelelwe yi-US, uninzi lwazo lwaluziikhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka kuwo nawuphi na umkhosi we-Hezbollah. Okwesine, iUnited States yalibazisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaza ekugqibeleni yasenza buthathaka isigqibo seBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo esigunyazisa umkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe.
โKubantu base-Iran: I-United States iyakuhlonipha; siyalihlonipha ilizwe lakho โฆ IZizwe eziManyeneyo zipasise isigqibo esicacileyo esifuna ukuba urhulumente waseTehran ahlangabezane nezibophelelo zawo zehlabathi. I-Iran kufuneka iwayeke amabhongo ayo ezixhobo zenyukliya ... Sisebenzela isisombululo kule ngxaki. Kwaye njengoko sisenza, sijonge kumhla apho ungaphila inkululeko - kwaye iMelika neIran zingabahlobo abalungileyo kunye namaqabane asondeleyo kwinjongo yoxolo. "
Ngenxa yokuba iUnited States yayinoxanduva lobhukuqo-mbuso olwabhukuqa urhulumente wokugqibela wedemokhrasi yase-Iran ngo-1953 kwaye emva koko yaxhasa ulawulo lobuzwilakhe olukhohlakeleyo luka-Shah kwisithuba sekota yenkulungwane, iingcamango malunga nentlonipho yabantu base-Iran kunye nethemba lokuba bangaphila ngokukhululeka. thwala ubunzima obuninzi. Ngenene, nangona inkqubo yonyulo yase-Iran ineziphene kakhulu kumanqanaba amaninzi, unyulo apho luthande ukuba lukhulu kwaye lumelwe ngakumbi kunolo lolawulo oluxhaswe yi-US olunconywa nguMongameli Bush.
Ngokumalunga namabhongo eIran atyholwa ngawo ngezixhobo zenyukliya, iBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo lipasile ngenene isigqibo esifuna ukuba iIran ithotyelwe ngokhuseleko olungqongqo ngokungaqhelekanga olufunwa yi-UN's International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Nangona kunjalo, uMongameli Bush ubonakalise ukukhathalela okuncinci ukunyanzeliswa kwezinye izindululo zeBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN malunga nemiba yenyukliya. Umzekelo, iUnited States ayikhange ithintele kuphela ukunyanzeliswa kwesigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko leUN 1172 esifuna ukuba iPakistan neIndiya ziphelise izixhobo zazo zenyukliya kodwa uMongameli Bush ukwatyikitye isivumelwano sentsebenziswano senyukliya neIndiya kwaye uye wabhengeza ukuthengiswa kwejeti ephucukileyo ekwaziyo ukusebenza ngenyukliya. abaqhushumbisi ukuya ePakistan. Ukongeza, i-United States ithintele ukunyanzeliswa kwesigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN 487 esifuna u-Israyeli ukuba abeke amaziko ayo enyukliya phantsi kwe-IAEA kwaye iqhubekile nokubonelela u-Israyeli ngeejethi ezinezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nemijukujelwa.
Okokugqibela, xa kujongwa ulawulo lukaBush lokuchasa i-Iranian diplomatic overtures, ukunqongophala kwenkxaso kumanyathelo ozakuzo aseYurophu, kunye neengxelo ezixhaphakileyo zamalungiselelo ePentagon ohlaselo lomkhosi wase-US e-Iran, kukho imibuzo enzulu malunga nokuba ngaba ulawulo lukaBush lusebenza ngokwenene. isicombululo sozakuzo kule ngxaki.โ
โKubantu baseSiriya: โฆ Phakathi kwakho, iHamas kunye neHezbollah basebenzela ukudodobalisa ummandla, kwaye urhulumente wakho uguqula ilizwe lakho libe sisixhobo sase-Iran. Oku kwandisa ukwahlulwa kwelizwe lakho kwihlabathi. Urhulumente wakho kufuneka akhethe indlela engcono yokuya phambili ngokuphelisa inkxaso yakhe yobugrogrisi, nokuhlala ngoxolo nabamelwane bakho, nokuvulela indlela yobomi obungcono kuwe neentsapho zakho.โ
Ngelixa ulawulo lwaseSyria ngokuqinisekileyo lungenazo izandla zicocekileyo, eli lizwe aliyiyo โindlela yobunqolobi.โ Oorhulumente abambalwa, umzekelo, baye baba luncedo ngakumbi eUnited States kumzabalazo ochasene ne-al-Qaida. I-Syria nayo iphelile inkxaso ye-Kurdish PKK.
Iphiko lezopolitiko leHamas lineeofisi eDamasko, njengoko lisenza kwamanye amakomkhulu angama-Arabhu. Kodwa imisebenzi yabo yasemkhosini isekelwe kwiGaza Strip kunye neWest Bank, hayi iSyria. Ngokufanayo, inkxaso yezemali ye-Hamas ngokwesiko ivela kwii-monarchies ezixhaswa yi-US kwi-Peninsula yase-Arabia, kungekhona eSiriya. Ukongeza, iSyria kudala iyeka ukuxhasa amaqela asekhohlo asePalestine anetyala lohlaselo lobunqolobi ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
I-Syria iye yawanciphisa kakhulu amakhonkco ayo ne-Hezbollah, engazange ihlasele abemi bakwa-Israel ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi de i-Israel iqalise ukuhlasela abemi baseLebhanon ngoJulayi 12. Ngokufanayo, i-Hezbollah yaphela ukuhlaselwa kwamaSirayeli xa uSirayeli wayeka ukuhlaselwa kweLebhanon. Ewe, iManyano yaseYurophu kunye noninzi koorhulumente abasayibonakalisi iHezbollah njengeqela labanqolobi.
Akukho mntu ufundileyo obona iSyria, kunye nesithethe sayo esomeleleyo sobuzwe bama-Arabhu, โnjengesixhobo saseIran.โ Okumangalisayo kukuba, amagosa olawulo lukaBush asandula ukubanga ukuba iSyria ixhasa amaqela eSunni Iraqi alwa amaqela e-Iraq axhaswa yi-Iranian.
Kwaye endaweni yokwala "ukuhlala ngoxolo nabamelwane bakho," iSyria inikeze isivumelwano soxolo kunye nobudlelwane obugcweleyo bezozakuzo kunye no-Israyeli njengembuyekezo yokurhoxa kumhlaba waseSyria owabanjwa kwimfazwe ye-1967. Urhulumente wangoku wase-Israel unqabile ukuthathela ingqalelo eso siphakamiso, nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkcaso ebonakalayo evela kulawulo lukaBush.
Okokugqibela, iSyria ayikahlukani nehlabathi, isandulโ ukutyikitya izivumelwano zorhwebo neRashiya, iTurkey, kunye neManyano yaseYurophu kwaye iphumelele unyulo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwisihlalo esingesosigxina kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN.
โNdizibophelele kumazwe amabini edemokhrasiโi-Israel ne-Palestineโehlala kunye ngoxolo nokhuseleko. Ndizibophelele kwilizwe lasePalestine elinesidima somhlaba kwaye ndiyakuhlala ngoxolo kunye nelizwe lamaJuda lakwaSirayeliโฆ Kodwa abantu abaneengcwangu kulo mmandla bavuselela intiyo kwaye bezama ukuthintela la mazwi aphakathi ukuba angalawuleki. "
Lo ngumbono olungileyo nobalulekileyo. Kodwa - njengemibono kaMongameli Bush yoMbindi Mpuma wedemokhrasi - imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe ichaza ibali elahluke kakhulu.
Ukuqinisekisa โisicwangciso sokuhlanganaโ seNkulumbuso yakwa-Israel u-Ehud Olmert, uMongameli Bush ubonakalise ukuba akanamdla ngenene kwilizwe lasePalestina elisebenzayo elikhoyo ecaleni kukaSirayeli. Urhulumente wase-Israeli, ngenkxaso yolawulo lukaBush kunye nesininzi esikhulu se-bipartisan kwiCongress, ubonakala ekulungele ukufaka iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba wasePalestina ezihlala kwi-West Bank eza kushiya amaPalestine kunye nechweba elincinci elingadibaniyo lemimandla ejikelezwe yi-Israel. . Kulo lonke eli ziqithi, i-Israel yayiza kulawula indawo yomoya, amalungelo amanzi, kunye nokuhamba kwabantu kunye nempahla phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye "lelizwe" lasePalestina kunye namazwe angama-Arabhu angabamelwane.
Okokugqibela, intiyo efunyanwa kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu lwasePalestine ngaku-Israyeli isuka kwiminyaka yokubandezeleka phantsi kohlaselo lwakwa-Israel olulunya noluhlazisayo. Endaweni yokutyhola โabo bayingoziโ โngokuxhokonxaโ intiyo enjalo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunceda amazwi aphakathi ukuba aphumelele kukucinezela uSirayeli ukuba aphelise ukuhlala kwakhe ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokwenza amathanga kumhlaba wasePalestina.
UStephen Zunes ngumhleli woMbindi Mpuma weProjekthi yoMgaqo-nkqubo weZangaphandle kwiProjekthi yokuJolisa. Ungunjingalwazi wezoPolitiko kunye nombhali we I-Tinderbox: Umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neengcambu zobunqolobi (Common Courage Press, 2003).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela