“H.eBolivia, uninzi luye lwaqonda ukuba iineoliberal bezisoloko zisingcatsha. Ngoku abantu abanakuthengwa lula, kukho ukuqonda okukhulayo kunye nokutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo soluntu. Yiyo loo nto kuya kuba nzima [ku-neoliberals] ukusoyisa ngoku. Siza kuqhubeka nokulawula ubuncinci iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kweli-100 - abanye bathi ngonaphakade. ” Le yindlela uRoman Loayza, intloko yeqela labathunywa beMovement Towards Socialism (MAS) ababeye kwindibano yovoto yaseBolivia, ayichaza ngayo imeko yaseBolivia xa iGreen Left Weekly yathetha naye ngo-Oktobha 17.
I-MAS liqela likaMongameli waseBolivia u-Evo Morales, umongameli wokuqala womthonyama kwimbali yaseBolivia, owanyulwa ngo-2005 kwiqonga lokubuyisela umva iminyaka engama-500 yobukoloniyali kunye nokubulawa kohlanga ngokuchasene nesininzi somthonyama, kunye nokubuyisela umva impembelelo yeminyaka engama-20 yeniyoliberalism eshiye iBolivia. Elona lizwe lihlwempuzekileyo eMzantsi Melika.
Kukuthembela kwakhe ebantwini okunika uLoayza ithemba ngendibano yovoto, engazange idibane ukusukela ngoAgasti kwaye isondela ngokukhawuleza kumhla wesibini we-14 kaDisemba. Ixesha layo lokuqala lonyaka landiswa ngaphandle kwenqaku elinye lomgaqo-siseko omtsha. uvotelwe.
I-GLW yabuza uLoayza isizathu sokuba indibano iye yajamelana neengxaki ezininzi. Ucacisile ukuba “amaqela alwela amalungelo emveli awavumelani nendibano yovoto, afuna ukuhlala eqhatha abantu, ebajikela kwiMAS. Abafuni ukuyamkela into yokuba boyisiwe. Bafuna ukudinisa abantu, ukuze bagqibezele iMAS, baqale ngokugqibezela umongameli.
“Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kuba nzima. Nokuba abasivumeli ukuba siwuphumeze umgaqo-siseko omtsha, sinawo umbhalo womgaqo-siseko, ogqityezelwayo ngoku kwaye uza kusiwa ebantwini, abantu bathathe isigqibo.”
'Iprojekthi yezopolitiko yamahlwempu'
Xa uLoayza, kunye noMorales, banyulwa okokuqala kwipalamente ngo-1997 kwaphawula ukungena kweentshukumo zemveli kunye ne-campesino (abalimi) kwinqanaba lezopolitiko kuzwelonke. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, imibutho emithathu ephambili yaseBolivia kunye ne-campesino, kuquka i-United Union Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia (CSUTCB) ekhokelwa nguLoayza, badibana ukuze bakhe "isixhobo sezopolitiko" esijolise ekubeni "yiprojekthi yezopolitiko yabantu abahluphekayo. , ukuze kukhululwe amahlwempu”.
Emva konyulo luka-1997, iSixhobo sezoPolitiko soBukhosi babantu (esithathe igama elibhaliswe ngokonyulo likaMAS) lasekwa. Ngo-2002, iMAS yaphuma kwindawo yesibini kunyulo lukazwelonke, uMorales esilela nje ukuphumelela eyona voti iphakamileyo kumongameli.
Ukwala ukwenza umanyano namaqela emveli, iMAS iphumelele urhulumente ngokuthe ngqo nge-53.7% yevoti kunyulo lukaDisemba 2005, emva kokunyuka kwemibutho yemveli, campesino kunye neminye imibutho yasekuhlaleni. Uphinde wanyulwa njengesekela kwi-2002, uLoayza ngokuqhelekileyo ubonwa njengomele iphiko elibukhali le-MAS, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yendima yakhe njengenkokeli ye-CSUTCB ngexesha lovukelo luka-2003 no-2005.
Ilizwe laseBolivia
Unyulo lwento uLoayza ayichaza njengorhulumente "wokuqala wemveli, imvelaphi" yaseBolivia evumele ukuphunyezwa kweemfuno ezimbini eziphambili ezivela kwimizabalazo yesininzi semveli - ukwenziwa kwegesi kuzwelonke (okumiselweyo ngoMeyi ka-2006) kunye nokubizelwa kwendibano yovoto. (eyaqala ukudibana ngo-Agasti 2006). Kunyulo lwabathunywa bendibano, iMAS iphumelele ngaphaya kwama-50%.
“[Urhulumente] womthonyama, oyimvelaphi ubonisa utshintsho kuba kude kube ngoku oorhulumente bebesoloko besiba ubuncwane bethu, besiba zizityebi ngokucinezela amahlwempu. Sifuna ukugqiba imodeli yoqoqosho ye-neoliberal. "
ULoayza wachaza ukuba imibutho yezentlalo yaseBolivia “icebisa ukuba kubekho ilizwe elimanyeneyo nelinonxibelelwano oluninzi. Kutheni i-plurinational? Kungenxa yokuba abantu bomthonyama abasuka empuma nasentshona bafuna ukuba amazwe ethu aqondwe yaye, ekubeni sele evunyiwe, ukuba abe nenxaxheba kuwo onke amacandelo—ezobupolitika, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nezenkcubeko.”
Uye wathi uMAS "ayikho kwicala lasekhohlo okanye kwilungelo lemveli - siphuma kwisazisi senkcubeko yethu" wongeza ngelithi, "sifuna ukutshintsha ilizwe kuba ilizwe ngalinye kuma-36 [abantu bomthonyama] linenkcubeko yalo, ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yalo. iinkolelo. Baphila ngokuvisisana noMama woMhlaba.” Nangona kunjalo, ukwamkela le yantlukwano akuthethi ukuba iyantlukwano: “ukutshintsha ilizwe sifuna umanyano”.
Emva kogxininiso kumalungelo emveli kunye nenkcubeko asiyonjongo yokubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo elithandanayo, kodwa yimbonakaliso yesithethe saseBolivia senguquko yesizwe: “Emva kokuba umgaqo-siseko omtsha uvunyiwe bonke abasemagunyeni kuya kufuneka baxhase ushishino ... singaba lilizwe elinemizi-mveliso. , awusenankqubela.”
Ikhomishini yezopolitiko
Ukuzama ukuphumeza olu tshintsho kubeke abantu bomthonyama kungquzulwano kunye nolawulo oludala. Olu ngquzulwano ngamanye amaxesha lube lwenyama, into uLoayza anokuthi angqine kuyo. U-Loayza waphantse waphulukana nobomi bakhe, echitha iinyanga ezimbini ekwi-coma, emva kokuba i-scuffle kwindibano yabangela ukuwa ukusuka kwinqanaba leemitha ezintathu eziphakamileyo, i-fracturing skull yakhe.
Iqela eliphikisayo lasekunene liphembelele amadangatye okungoneliseki phakathi kwabantu baseSucre (eyaziwa ngokuba “sisixeko esimhlophe” ngokwakhiwa kwentlalontle), apho indibano idibana khona, kunye nemfuno yokuba amagunya owiso-mthetho nawolawulo-atshintshele kwi-La. Paz ngo-1899 emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya - buyela esixekweni. Uqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela lunyanzelise ukumiswa okwethutyana kwendibano kwaye abanye abathunywa beMAS banyanzelwa ukuba bazimele.
Ukuze aphelise loo ngxaki, urhulumente wathabatha inyathelo lokuqala lokuseka “ikhomishini yezopolitiko” ukuze ihlanganise abameli bawo onke amaqela endibanweni ukuze baxoxisane ngeengxabano baze bafikelele kwisivumelwano. Emva kokuchitha iinyanga ezisibhozo bexoxa ngemithetho yenkqubo, emva koko baqhubela phambili ukungavisisani ngokungeyomfuneko ngokuthi umba wekomkhulu awunakuxoxwa kwindibano, abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba indibano iya kuba luncedo kangakanani na ekugqibeleni, nokuba ayilunganga. la maqela amadala aphinda athethathethana ngekamva lelizwe phakathi kwawo.
Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba phantse isibini esithathwini sabantu baseBolivia abacingi ukuba indibano iya kuwugqiba umsebenzi wayo nge-14 kaDisemba, ngenkxaso yendibano yehle ukuya kuma-39% ngo-Okthobha. Ukususela kwinjongo yokuqala "yokusekwa kwakhona kweBolivia", ingxoxo iye yatshintshela kwingcamango ephakathi "yokumisela umgaqo-siseko" utshintsho oluqalwe phantsi kweMorales, njengokwenziwa kwegesi.
Ingqungquthela yangoku kwindibano ngoku njengoko abaninzi kwi-MAS begxininise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko lubandakanya ukukwazi ukuphinda unyule oomongameli ukuvumela ukuqhubeka kwinkqubo yokutshintsha. Ngaphandle kokunganeliseki kwindibano, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwenkcaso eqhubekayo kwi-Morales, i-poll efanayo ibeka inkxaso yakhe kwi-62%, ukwanda kwe-5% ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo.
ULoayza uxelele iGLW oku: “Ikomishini yezobupolitika yasekwa okokuqala ngenjongo yokufuna umanyano, ize emva koko ixoxe ngemibandela ephambili eye yabangela iingxaki, njengemibono [ekhuphisanayo] yelizwe.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sifikelele kwimvumelwano malunga nomba wezoqoqosho: umgaqo-siseko omtsha uza kuthathela ingqalelo uqoqosho lwelizwe, uqoqosho lwabucala kunye noqoqosho loluntu ukuze kuxhamle uluntu … sifikelele kwisivumelwano sokuzimela” kwisebe (kurhulumente), umasipala kunye no. kwinqanaba lengingqi kunye noluntu lwemveli, “imiba emibini ebalulekileyo”.
Ngelixa iqela eliphikisayo eliphambili, iPodemos, lithathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo malunga nokuzimela, khange batyikitye isivumelwano, kwaye abazange basayine kwisivumelwano esalandelayo ekwafikelelwa kuso ngo-Okthobha we-18 malunga nohlobo lombuso iBolivia eya kuba yiyo, ekuzameni ukubandakanya. zonke iimbono zachazwa njengenye, yentlalo, yobuninzi, yokunxibelelana, ukuzimela nokwabela amagunya, yedemokhrasi, ekhululekileyo, ezimeleyo, ezimeleyo kunye nenkcubeko ephakathi.
Indibano iseza kuphinda ihlangane, kunye neqela lothethathethwano elisuka kwikomishoni yezopolitiko eliya eSucre ukubona ukuba amagunya asekuhlaleni akulungele na ukubonelela ngamanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko ukuze abathunywa bahlangane. Kwangaloo mini, ngo-Oktobha 31, umphathi wendibano, kunye nabameli beMAS, baya eOruro ukuze bahlole ukuba kunokwenzeka yini na ukutshintshela indibano apho.
U-Loayza utshele i-GLW ukuba ngelixa i-MAS yayisebenza nzima ukuze ifumane isivumelwano kwisibini kwisithathu sabathunywa beendibano ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe isicatshulwa sokugqibela, "Ndicinga ukuba asiyi kulufumana olo manyano". Kwimeko elolo hlobo “sakuba sinesibhalo somgaqo-siseko siya kuwuvuma ngesininzi [kwindibano], yaye xa uvunyiwe siya kuwunikela ebantwini. Ukuba inkcaso ayisivumeli ukuba siyamkele, abantu ngabalawuli: baya kuvuma oko sikwenzileyo. ”
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela