Kule veki, i-European Central Bank iya kuvula ngokusemthethweni ikomkhulu layo elitsha eFrankfurt. Ukumakisha lo msitho, ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi lamawaka abaqhankqalazi - abamanyeneyo phantsi kwebhena yeBlockupy - baya kudibana kwikomkhulu lezemali laseYurophu kuzo zonke iimbombo zelizwekazi. Abaququzeleli baye bavakalisa ukuba banenjongo “yokuthabatha iqela [labarhwebi] baze baliguqule libe yindlela yokuchasa amazwe ngamazwe nxamnye nemigaqo-nkqubo yentlekele yaseYurophu nemiphumo yayo eyintlekele, ingakumbi kubantu abakumazantsi aseYurophu.”
Ilizwe laseJamani, nalo, lihlanganisa amapolisa amaninzi elizwe ukuba akhusele i-ECB kwaye enze isenzo somgaqo-siseko soqhanqalazo lwasesidlangalaleni sibe singenakwenzeka. Njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, iFrankfurt iya kube ivaliwe-kwaye akukho nzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni: abasemagunyeni bazimisele ekukhuseleni iibhanki ezingundoqo kulo naluphi na uhlobo loxinzelelo oludumileyo. I-ECB, emva kwayo yonke into, kufuneka iphendule kwiimarike, kungekhona kubantu. Khawuqwalasele nje umkhondo womsebenzi kamongameli wayo, uMario Draghi, owayekade engumlawuli olawulayo eGoldman Sachs: ayithathi ingcali yezoqoqosho yezopolitiko eqeqeshiweyo ukuba ifumanise ukuba le nto isixelela ntoni malunga nokunyaniseka kwe-ECB.
Ngale ndlela, abaququzeleli beBlockupy abakwazanga ukukhetha umhla ofaneleke ngakumbi womboniso walo nyaka. Ukuphehlelelwa kwekomkhulu elitsha le-ECB kufanekisela yonke into engalunganga ngeprojekthi ye-neoliberal yaseYurophu namhlanje. Njengoko i-Eurozone yawela kwingxaki yayo engapheliyo ngo-2008 kwaye i-ECB yabeka imilinganiselo yokunciphisa ubomi ukusuka e-Athene ukuya eDublin, iglasi ebukekayo eyi-185 yeemitha ubude kunye ne-steel skyscraper ngokuzolileyo yavela ecaleni komlambo oPhambili. Berhangqwe ngothango olukhulu kunye nomjelo wenqaba, amatsha-ntliziyo abonisa indlela “uyilo olothusayo lwamandla oluluphawu olugqibeleleyo lomgama phakathi kwabantu ababalaseleyo kwezopolitiko nakwezemali nabantu.”
Ngexabiso eliqikelelwayo le-1.4 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro, amawele atshisayo-ayilwe ngokufanelekileyo kwisitayile soyilo samvanje se-deconstructivism - ngoku imi mde njengebhakana ekhanyayo yeYurophu entsha: ayinabuntu, ayinakuphendula kwaye ichasene nedemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo. Ukusuka kolu lawulo lolawulo lwemali nolwemali, i-ECB sele ibashenxisile oorhulumente abaliqela abanyuliweyo, yabeka imilinganiselo eyintlekele yokucinezela, kwaye kutsha nje icebise ukumpompa enye i-1 yetriliyoni ye-euro kwinkqubo yezemali yokuziphatha engasebenziyo ye-Eurozone. Okwangoku, icinezela urhulumente waseGrisi ukuba athintele umngeni wasekhohlo ovela eAthene.
Abaphengululi abaninzi be-EU basathetha ngendelelo koku kujongelwa phantsi kokungenelela okuthandwayo njengophawu “lwentsilelo yedemokhrasi” ye-EU. Baza kukhomba ukunqongophala kwe-ECB "yokusemthethweni kwegalelo" kwaye bacele ulawulo olukhulu lwepalamente kwibhodi elawulayo. Yiyiphi ininzi yalaba baphengululi abahlulekayo ukuyiqwalasela, nangona kunjalo, kukuba i-anti-democratic nature ye-ECB ibhalwe kwindima yayo yesakhiwo. Njengebhanki ephakathi ngaphandle kwelizwe, i-ECB ichasene nentando yesininzi kungekhona ngephutha kodwa ngokuyila. Into ekucingelwa ukuba “izimele” kurhulumente wesizwe eneneni isisigqubuthelo sokuzifihla kwayo ngabom kuxinzelelo oludumileyo nokuxhomekeka kwayo kwelinye ngokwesakhiwo kunye nomdla wabucala wemali.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuqala kobunzima kukhokhelele kuphela ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kweenkqubo zedemokhrasi. Ukunika nje umzekelo omnye: inani leeleta ezisandul’ ukuvela zityhila ubungakanani obugcweleyo bokunganyaniseki okwenziwa ngumanduleli kaDraghi, uJean-Claude Trichet, ngexesha lobunzima ngo-2011-'12. Kunxibelelwano lwakhe noorhulumente baseIreland, eGrisi, eSpain nase-Italiya, umongameli we-ECB wasoyikisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uza kulicima ityala likaxakeka ukuba oorhulumente ekuthethwa ngabo bala ukuthobela iseti yohlaziyo lwemarike olungathandwayo kunye nemilinganiselo yobungqongqo ebiyilwe, igama negama, ngabalawuli abangakhethwanga eBrussels naseFrankfurt
.
Oku kutyholwa ngokuphandle kwaba yincam nje ye-iceberg. Ngelixa abanye basenokuba bevile ngeeleta zika-Trichet ezindabeni, bambalwa abantu baseYurophu abanokuthi bazi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-arcane efana nenkqubo yeemarike ze-securities (SMP) okanye i-long-term refinancing operations (LTRO) apho i-ECB yanikezela ngebheyile ngokufanelekileyo kwiibhanki kunye nentlalontle yaseGrisi. ityala likarhulumente. Ngokunjalo, abanye basenokuba bafundile ngesigqibo se-ECB sokuqalisa i-quantitative easing (QE), kodwa bambalwa abanokuqonda ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini ekusebenzeni: oko kukuthi i-ECB ngoku iya kuqalisa ukuxhasa iibhanki zabucala ukuya kwi-1 trillion ye-euro nanjengoko. izigidi zabemi baseYurophu zithwaxwa bubuhlwempu nokungaqeshwa.
Inyani yokuba akukho sikhalazo sixhaphakileyo soluntu malunga namanyathelo anjalo achasene nentlalontle sibonisa ukuba ngabayili be-Eurozone baphumelele kangakanani na ekususeni ubupolitika kwiprojekthi ye-neoliberal ye-EU kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali ye-ECB, ikhusela i-ECB ekugxekweni ngokuphandle. kunye nokuyivumela ukuba ithande umdla wabatyali-zimali babucala ngaphandle kokujongana nenkcaso enentsingiselo. I-ECB ngokwayo ihlakulela lo mfanekiso we-apolitical. Kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, uMario Draghi - kwimizuzu nje emva kokusongela ukunqumla i-credit yaseGrisi ukuba urhulumente welizwe osekhohlo uyasilela ukuthobela imiqathango yebheyile ye-EU kunye ne-ECB - wabhengeza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba "i-ECB liziko elisekelwe kumthetho, hayi lezopolitiko. Nye."
Ewe yayibubuxoki obucacileyo. Iibhanki eziphambili ngamaziko ezopolitiko kakhulu. Kwelinye, banokwenza imali kumoya omncinci-yiloo nto kanye eyenziwa yi-ECB ngoku ngenkqubo yokuthenga impahla eyandisiweyo. Ukuba unako ukwenza imali, uya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba ungayichitha njani. Kwaye nje ukuba uqalise ukwenza i-60 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ngenyanga, ezo zigqibo ngokucacileyo zinefuthe lokusasaza kwakhona. Enye inketho ibinokuba yeyokuba i-ECB idlulisele nje imali kubemi abaqhelekileyo baseYurophu, ukuze kuliwe neziphumo zentlalo zonxunguphalo kwaye ikhuthaze imfuno edibeneyo. Endaweni yoko, i-ECB isebenzisa amandla ayo okudala imali ukuthenga izinto ezinetyhefu kwiibhanki zabucala kwaye iboleke kwaloo mali inye kubo ngenzala ephantsi kakhulu, icoca ii-balance sheets kwinkqubo.
Ngokwengxelo esemthethweni, olo vuselelo lwemali kufanele ukuba luqale kwakhona ukuboleka imali yabucala kwaye luzise ukubuyiswa okuhlala ixesha elide. Kodwa inyaniso yeyokuba incinci kakhulu le mali iya kuze ifumane indlela eya kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Logama nje ukukhula kuhleli kunqabile, iibhanki zabucala ziyakoyika ukutyala imali kwimisebenzi enemveliso kwaye ziya kutyekela ngakumbi ekujikiseni imali yazo ibe kolu hlobo lwemisebenzi yoqikelelo oluphezulu olubangele ukuba le ngxaki iqale. Ngokungamangalisiyo, yile nto kanye eyenzekileyo ngokukhululeka kobuninzi e-US nase-UK. Kutheni enye imarike yesitokhwe yase-US kunye nentengiso yepropathi yaseLondon ikwirekhodi eliphezulu phakathi kokudodobala koqoqosho oluthatha ixesha elide?
Ngokwenkangeleko yalo, ihlabathi sele libona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kolunye uthotho lwee-epic kunye namaqamza e-asethi anokuba yintlekele, ngeli xesha ekhuthazwa ngokuthe ngqo kungenelelo lwebhanki ephakathi. Isigqibo se-ECB sokungena kulo mdlalo uyingozi, nokwenza oko ngendlela echasene nentlalontle ngokugqithisileyo (ukugcina izikhonkwane ezibukhali kumda wecala lo gama kwangaxeshanye ukwala nokuthathela ingqalelo ukucinywa kwamatyala okunentsingiselo okanye ukudluliselwa kwemali okuqhubelekayo) kutyhila okunzulu. umlinganiswa opolitiko hayi we-ECB kuphela kodwa weprojekthi ye-neoliberal ye-EU ngokubanzi. Kwaye yiyo kanye loo nto iBlockupy ilinyathelo elibaluleke kangaka ngoku.
Akunjalo kuphela imiboniso eFrankfurt isebenzela ukuphinda ipolitiki ye-ECB kwaye ibeke isiseko sombutho wamazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasene nolawulo lwezemali; zikwazisa ukuchasana ngokuchasene nobungqongqo kanye entliziyweni yolawulo lwentlekele yaseYurophu. Ngequbuliso oku akusekho nje malunga nemvukelo yabatyalwayo kwi-periphery. Ngoku, xa itheko labagcini-bhanki lijonge phantsi kwisakhiwo sabo esiphakamileyo, baya kufumana umhlaba ungcangcazela phantsi kweenyawo zabo. Iindonga zeglasi eziphakamileyo ze-skyscraper, ezijoliswe ekuboniseni ubuxoki bokungafihli kunye nokungafihli, ziya kungqina ukuba yisikhuselo esibi sokubola okuzinzileyo kwemali enye.
Ewe, i-Eurozone iyaziqhuba emhlabeni. Kwaye hayi, ayinakuguqulwa. Ukuze idemokhrasi yaseYurophu iphumelele, kufuneka ikrazulwe kubini.
UJerome Roos ngumphandi we-PhD kuQoqosho lwezoPolitiko lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiZiko leYunivesithi yaseYurophu, kunye nomhleli osekayo we-ROAR Magazine. Mlandele kuTwitter @JeromeRoos.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 amagqabantshintshi
Ndiyaqonda ukuba eyona manyano inkulu yemibutho yabasebenzi eJamani (i-DGB) idlala
indima esebenzayo kwiBlockupy; ungaphawula ngalento?