Ukuvela kwithunzi labacinezelekileyo baseMelika, uBernie Sanders kunye noDonald Trump bebethumela ukugodola kwiipaseji zamandla okusekwa. Ngubani owayeza kuyibona? Amadoda amabini angaphandle, nangona ngokwahlukileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, abonakala ekhokela uvukelo ngakubaphathi besiphelo sethu kuwo omabini; oku, emva kwamashumi eminyaka apho ukucinga ukuba oko kusenzeka bekuya kubonwa njengento engenangqondo ngeyona ndlela, iyinkohliso kakhulu. Ubukho babo obukhulu kunobomi kwinqanaba lesizwe bunokuba lolona phuhliso lunokwenzeka lwezopolitiko kwisiqingatha senkulungwane yokugqibela yaseMelika. Icebisa ukuba singena kwinqanaba elitsha kubomi bethu boluntu.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, kwincwadi yam Ixesha lokuvuma, ndazama ukucombulula imfihlelo echazwe kumxholo ophantsi othi: โUkunyuka nokuwa kweMerika yokuchasa ubutyebi namandla alungelelanisiweyo.โ Ngokucacileyo, loo mfihlelo yayikukuba: Kutheni abantu bevukela ngamaxesha athile baze bavumelane nabanye?
Ukuchasana nawo onke amanxeba, izithuko, izisongelo kwimpilo-ntle yezinto eziphathekayo, ukutyeshelwa, ukuthotywa, ukungalingani okucwangcisiweyo, ukulawulwa ngokugqithisileyo, ukuthotywa isidima, nokungabi namandla okusisiseko sobomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi kuya kubonakala kungokwemvelo ngokwaneleyo, nokuba kungenakuphepheka, ukuba akunakuphepheka. Kutheni unyamezela yonke loo nto?
Ngokwembali, nangona kunjalo, umnqweno wokunikezela ungqineke ukwindalo. Ngapha koko, ukuxhathisa kudla ngokubeka ubomi bakho esichengeni, indlela ophila ngayo, nendlela yakho yokuphila. Ukuphakama kuthetha ukuwavala umlomo loo mazwi oyikisayo angaphakathi alumkisa ngelithi iinkosi ezingoongamileyo zinelungelo lokulawula ngobulumko, ubutyebi, nayo yonke into efunwa sisithethe samandulo. Uloyiko luyavaleka ngokwendalo.
Kumxholo wethu, ke, kutheni ngamaxesha athile embali abantu baseMelika babonise amandla amangalisayo okuvuka, ngamanye amaxesha ukuhambisa?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ndiye ndaphonononga loo minyaka kwiminyaka yokuqala ehonjisiweyo yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba xa izigidi zabantu baseMelika. yaya ezitalatweni ukuqhankqalaza, rhoqo ebusweni begunya elixhobileyo likarhulumente, kunye nexesha kwinxalenye yokugqibela yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunye neminyaka yokuqala yale xa ileyibhile "iminyaka yokuvuma" yayibonakala isengqiqweni - kude kube, ngo-2016 , akuzange kwenzeke oko ngequbuliso.
Ke khawuthathele ingqalelo esi sincoko njengombhalo obhaliweyo kulo msebenzi, mhlawumbi ukuqonda kwam ukuba ixesha lokuvuma sele lifikelele esiphelweni. Izigidi ngoku, ewe, ziziva iBern kwaye zivuyisa uDonald. Mhlawumbi ngendinike ingqwalasela engakumbi kwimiqondiso yokuqala yento eyayiza kuza njengoko ndandigqibezela incwadi yam: Iqela leTea ngasekunene, kwaye ngasekhohlo. Hlala eWall Street, uqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi abarhola imivuzo ephantsi, intshukumo yemivuzo ephantsi nephantsi, uloyiso lonyulo lwabantu abaqhubela phambili ezidolophini, ukwanda kwephulo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqhambuka kwentshukumo yeBlack Lives Matter ngobusuku nje bosuku lopapasho.
Kodwa xa uphila ixesha elide emthunzini wokuxolela apho ithemba liya kufa okanye ubuncinane ligula kakhulu, uyazikhumbula ezo zinto. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba imbali inengqiqo, inokuhlala ifihlwe ngokunzulu kangangokuba ayinakuchazwaโฆ ide ilume. Ke, umzekelo, ukuba umntu wayeneX-ray kuluntu lwaseMelika ngo-1932, kubunzulu boxinzelelo olukhulu, loo mfanekiso ngewuveze umzimba wezopolitiko ozele lunxunguphalo, ukugxeka, ukutshabalala, kunye noloyiko-ngelizwi, ukuvuma, a imo eyayisibekele umhlaba ukusukela โngoLwesibini omnyamaโ kunye nokuwa kwemarike yemasheya ngo-1929.
Nangona kunjalo kwaloo X-reyi ethatyathwe ngo-1934, kwiminyaka nje emibini kamva, yayiza kutyhila umlilo woqhanqalazo olukhulu, ugwayimbo oluqhelekileyo, ugwayimbo lokuhlala phantsi, uqhankqalazo lwerenti, ukubanjwa kwemigodi yamalahle evaliweyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ababebanda kwaye bengakhanyi, iimatshi zabangasebenziyo, kunye nomnqweno jikelele wokukhulula ulawulo lwamandulo; ngelizwi nje, imvukelo. Ngale ndlela, ulungelelwaniso loluntu lunokutshintsha izigaba ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso kwaye ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esicacileyo (nangona ngokujongwa ngababhali-mbali kunye nabanye baya kuphonononga zonke izizathu ekufanele ukuba wonke umntu uyibonile isiza).
Inkululeko vs. Liberalism
Kulindelwe okanye akunjalo, ixesha elitsha lemvukelo sele liqalile, elisongela imeko ukusuka ngasekhohlo nasekunene. Mhlawumbi owona mba wothusayo: abantu baxhobile bechasene nenkululeko.
Loo nto ayinangqondo, akunjalo? Inokwenzeka njani, xa kufika uNovemba ukumkanikazi wenkululeko uya kujongana ngokuchasene nomphathi we-billionaire we-Republicanism? Ekugqibeleni, endala efanayo endala, ewe? Liberal vs. Conservative.
Ewe, akunjalo ngokwenene. Ukuba ucinga ngoHillary njengo "Limousine liberalโ yeli xesha lonyulo kunye noDonald njenge-right-wing "populist in pinstripes," kwaye uqwalasele indlela ngamnye wabo agungxule ngayo ukuya encotsheni yemfumba kwaye ngubani omele aphephe ukuya apho, umfanekiso owahlukileyo uvela. UClinton uzuza njengelifa isambatho senkululeko ethe yaluvalela ngaphandle uqoqosho lwaseMelika kwaye yaphazamisa ilizwe lokhuseleko lesizwe. Ivale iintsalela zaluphi na ukulingana kwangempela kwi-attic ye-Democratic Party ukwenzela ukukhusela iimfuno ezithintekayo ze-oligarchy eziqhuba izinto. Laa elite alinangxabano kunye nokulingana ngokobuhlanga kunye nesini ukuba nje angonakalisi umgca ophantsi, osemva kwayo yonke into ecacileyo yeentshatsheli ze-limousine liberalism zikaHillary. UTrump usasaza intiyo eveliswe kukungakhathali kwe-neoliberal kwintlalontle yabantu abasebenzayo kunye nendelelo yayo enqabileyo yenkcubeko ye-American heartland ibe yi-anti-establishmentarianism. Ngeli xesha, uBernie Sanders ujolise kwinkululeko yeClintonian ukusuka kolunye unxweme. Inkululeko, ngamanye amazwi, ingqingwe.
Iminyaka Yamashumi Amathandathu Ithatha Inkululeko
Hayi indlela engaqhelekanga! Kangangamashumi eminyaka โabaqhubela phambiliโ bazifumene bekhusela impumelelo yohlaziyo lwenkululeko kuhlaselo olungenalusini lwe-consendant conservatism. Kunzima ukukhumbula ukuba i-liberal vs. Conservative equation ayizange ihlale isebenza (kwaye ke ayinakuphinda isebenze).
Buyela emva kwisiqingatha senkulungwane ukuya koo-1960, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ibala ledabi alibonakali lingafani nendawo yanamhlanje. Elo yayilixesha apho umbutho ochasene nemfazwe waseVietnam wamangalela inkululeko ngenxa ye-impiriyali yayo egameni ledemokhrasi, ngelixa amalungelo oluntu kunye nentshukumo yamandla amnyama yayibiza ngokuba yimanyano yezopolitiko kunye nabacalucalulo eMzantsi.
Ngaloo minyaka, iNew Left yamisela iindawo ezingaphandle kwiindawo ezimbi zasezidolophini apho inkululeko yokuqhayisa malunga ne-US "luluntu olucebileyo" yayibonakala ngathi liqhula elikhohlakeleyo. Abafundi bahlala kwizakhiwo zekhampasi ukuba bathi hayi kulawulo lwemfundo ephakamileyo kunye nokukhotyokiswa kweyunivesiti komnye umntwana okhululekileyo, umzi-mveliso wezomkhosi. Abasetyhini baqhawula iqhina elibophelela ingcamango yenkululeko yosapho lwenyukliya kuluhlu lwayo ngokwesini. I-counterculture ibonise ukudelela kwayo imvakalelo yenkululeko yokufaneleka ngeendlela eziliwaka. Akukho mithetho yeenwele, izivumelwano zomtshato, izithintelo zesini, amabhongo emfundo, iinkolelo zonqulo, imithetho yempahla, imithetho yobuhlanga, okanye ukwalelwa kwemichiza.
I-liberalism ilungisiwe, nangona kunjalo. Ukususela ngoko iye yazibophelela ngohlengahlengiso oluninzi olwalunxulumene nelo xesha. Imithetho yamalungelo oluntu, imfazwe yentlupheko (kubandakanya iMedicare kunye neMedicaid), amalungelo abasetyhini, inyathelo lokuqinisekisa, kunye nokupheliswa kocalucalulo lwenkcubeko ngoku de rigueur inxalenye yeeCVs yoomongameli beDemokhrasi kunye nabezopolitiko abaphezulu beqela, abo baqhuba imithombo yeendaba eqhelekileyo, oosihlalo beziseko ezikhokelayo zenkululeko, oomongameli beekholeji ze-Ivy League, abafundi bezakwalizwi nabefundisi bamaProtestanti, kunye nabanye abaninzi ababonisa ngokuzingca ibhanile yenkululeko. . Kwaye bafanelwe yimbeko ethile. Basenokuba ngokunyanisekileyo bavakalelwa kukuba โuBernโ wangaphambili, lowo ukhalela amalungelo alinganayo phambi komthetho.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, abo baphezulu benkululeko babelumke ngokwaneleyo okanye bethambile ngokwaneleyo, okanye bobabini, ukutyhutyha amaza emvukelo yelo xesha. Ubulumko kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye, nangona kunjalo, yinxalenye kuphela yempendulo yalo mzekeliso: Kwakutheni ukuze inkululeko yenkululeko yaphakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ikwazi ukuzihlaziya endaweni yokuqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo lwaloo mzuzu wamashumi amathandathu? Ingcaciso enzulu inokuba kukuba izidubedube zaloo minyaka zabetha inkululeko - kodwa ubukhulu becala egameni lenkululeko. Ngokucacileyo ngamanye amaxesha, njengakwiNgxelo yasePort Huron, elo xwebhu lokusekwa kweqela le-ur-Entsha eKhohlo, Abafundi boMbutho weDemokhrasi, ngamanye amaxesha ngokuthetha, imvukelo yaloo mzuzu yayifuna ukuba i-liberal order iphile ngokweyayo ingcwele. inkolelo yenkululeko, ukulingana, kunye nokufuna ulonwabo.
Imfuno yokuvula inkqubo ibe yintliziyo kunye nomphefumlo wesigaba esilandelayo senkululeko, yomnqweno wokuxhobisa umntu okhululekileyo. Namhlanje, sinokukuqonda oku njengomnqweno wakudala weClintonista wokuvumela bonke abantu abazayo bajoyine "ugqatso ukuya phezulu."
Xa sijonga emva, bekulisiko ukuphatha iminyaka yamashumi amathandathu njengexesha lemvukelo yolutsha. Ngelixa ngaphezulu koko, ngokuqinisekileyo inokuqondwa, ngokuyinxenye, njengenguqulelo yaseMelika yooyise noonyana (singasathethi ngoomama neentombi). Isizukulwana esidala sasidale iNdlela eNtsha yeSivumelwano, sona ngokwaso sisenzo sovukelo lwembali. Njengoko kwenzekile, loo ndalo ayizange ihambelane kakuhle ne-Democratic Party ephiko layo elisezantsi, elifakwe kwi-segregationist yangaphambili ye-Confederacy, iphumle kwimithetho kunye neenkolelo zikaJim Crow. Ayizange ibekho nohlaziyo lweNtlalontle yeNtlalontle eNtsha eyayicingela ukuba yindoda eyondlayo/intloko yekhaya, ngelixa ingabandakanyi iiklasi eziphantsi, ngakumbi (kodwa hayi kuphela) ezo zebala elingalunganga kukhuseleko lwayo, isikwere ngokulangazelela ukulingana.
Ngaphezu koko, iSivumelwano Esitsha sisindise uqoqosho longxowankulu olubekwe phantsi kuDado oluKhulu ngokufaka uqoqosho olutsha lwezopolitiko olusetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngelixa ufezekiso olumangalisayo, olo yayiluphuhliso lokukhubaza eluntwini, ukondla inkcubeko yokufuna isikhundla somntu ngamnye kwaye oko kujongela phantsi imvakalelo yomanyano lwentlalo olwenze ukuba iSivumelwano Esitsha sibe nokwenzeka. Ekugqibeleni, kwiminyaka yeMfazwe Yomlomo, kwacaca ukuba impumelelo kunye nedemokhrasi ekhaya ixhomekeke kubudlelwane bobukhosi kunye nehlabathi liphela kunye nelizwe. ukugada yeplanethi. Kwi ibinzana elidumileyo of IWindows Magazine umshicileli uHenry Luce, i "American Century" wazalwa.
Uqhankqalazo oluchasene nenguqulelo ye-ossifying ye-New Deal liberalism yenze iminyaka yamashumi amathandathu "iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu." Iimvakalelo zobupolitika zazishushu njengoko abavukeli babejamelene โnokumiselwaโ kwenkululeko. Maxa wambi imicimbi yayisiba shushu kangangokuba bade basongele ukuba baza kunyibilika ubomi boluntu. Kwaye nanku umbuzo, nokuba liqondo lobushushu, kwakunzima ukuwuphakamisa ngelo xesha: Kuthekani ukuba inkululeko yayingeyiyo ingxaki? Kuyavunywa ukuba, loo ngcinga yayisemoyeni ngelo xesha, iphakanyiswe kungekuphela nje ngamashiya amatsha namadala, kodwa nguMartin Luther King owathi ngodumo wavakalisa iingcinga zakhe zesibini malunga nobukhapitali, ubuhlwempu, uhlanga, nemfazwe kwiintetho ezinjengezi โNgaphaya kweVietnam: Ixesha lokuqhawula ukuthula. "
Noko ke, inkoliso yabavukeli belo xesha, yabambelela kukholo lweminyanya. Ekugqibeleni, babeqinisekile ukuba xa ulungelelwaniso lubuyiselwe, inkululeko yanamhlanje, ekhutshiweyo kukungafezeki kwayo, inokuba yindawo ekhuselekileyo ngokungaquki mntu. Ibekwโ ityala ngaloo minyaka ngenxa yohanahaniso nokholo lwalo olubi, yayiza kuhlanjululwa.
Enkosi kwezo zivukelo ezinkulu kunye nokuzingisa ukuba iinzame ezingaphantsi komlilo ezalandela amashumi eminyaka, uhanahaniso lokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, nokuba ngabamnyama, abasetyhini, amafanasini, okanye abanye, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kupheliswa kakhulu. Okanye kwakubonakala ngathi. Inkululeko ezuzwe njengelifa kwiSivumelwano eNtsha yayicociwe - hayi ngokupheleleyo kwaye hayi ngaphandle kokuchasana okuqatha, kodwa emva koko, akukho nto igqibeleleyo, akunjalo? Ukuphela kohanahaniso. Isiphelo sebali.
Ikhonkco Elilahlekileyo
Kanti ekuqalekeni kwewaka leminyaka elitsha kwaqalisa ukuvela umnqa. Uluntu lwenkululeko lubonakalise ukuba luyahambelana nobulungisa kubo bonke kunye nokudubula okulinganayo kwindawo yokugqibela. Noko ke, okumangalisayo kukuba, kwihlabathi elitsha elizukileyo elaliza kulandela, lowo uBill Clinton wayesongamela, inkululeko, okusesikweni nokulingana konke kwabonakala kusikelwa umxhesho omfutshane.
Ukuba yayingengomyalelo wenkululeko, kukho enye into eyayisonakalisa izinto. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu abaninzi baseMelika abaqhelekileyo bayanda ukunyanzelwa luxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho kunye nemvakalelo yokungaphumeleli kwentlalontle. Baziva bevalelekile kwaye begculelwa, bebandezeleka kukungavunyelwa kwezopolitiko, ukubekw' esweni emsebenzini (ukuba bebenayo) kwaye mhlawumbi kwenye indawo ukuba akunjalo, yokoyika ikamva kunokuba banethemba loko elinokukwenza. yiza nendlela yabo.
Bekhaliphile kwaye bekhaliphile njengoko babenjalo, kunqabile ukuba babe neentshukumo zemvukelo kwiminyaka yoo-XNUMX okanye ezalandelayo zacela umngeni ngokucacileyo kulwabiwo olusisiseko lwepropathi namandla kuluntu lwaseMelika. Kwaye ukuba inkululeko yenkululeko ibonakalise ukuhambelana ngokwaneleyo nenkululeko, ukulingana, kunye nedemokhrasi, ubungxowankulu yayingomnye umcimbi.
I-liberal elite eyazithathela imbeko ngokuvula olo gqatso ukuya encotsheni nayo ngamanye amaxesha yongamele ubukhapitali beniyoliberal obuthe, kumashumi eminyaka, busonakalisa ubomi babantu abasebenzayo bazo zonke imibala. (Eneneni, kule mihla uHillary uchitha umgudu omkhulu ezama ukuphila phantsi kwelifa lokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi elishiyelwa ngumyeni wakhe.) Kodwa amaRiphabhlikhi anesabelo esingaphezulu koku; enyanisweni, ngokufuthi baye bakhokela ekumiliseleni inkqubo yezoqoqosho eqhutywa ziimarike nezemali evelise โabaphumeleleyoโ abambalwa neqela labaphulukene nalo. Omabini la maqela abhengeze urhwebo olungalawulekiyo, urhwebo olukhululekileyo lwehlabathi, ukukhutshwa kwemveliso kunye namanye amashishini, ukwenziwa kweenkonzo zabucala kunye nokucutheka kwenethi yokhuseleko loluntu. Zonke ezi zidibene iidolophu kunye nezixeko kunye nemimandla yonke (cinga: iRust Belt America) kunye neendlela zokuphila.
Kule nkqubo, isiko leNew Deal Democratic Party lokuchasa ukuxhatshazwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungalingani kuye kwaba ngumphunga, ngelixa "iDemocrats ezintsha" zexesha likaClinton nangaphaya, kunye nabaninzi kumagumbi ebhodi e-Fortune 500 nakwi-hedge-fund yaseMelika, yaqhubeka. ukulwela amalungelo alinganayo kubo bonke. Bakhuthaza iinzame zokulondoloza umva ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nobuhlanga, isini, kunye nocalucalulo ngokwesondo; kodwa into enye abangayenzanga - akukho namnye kubo - yayiphazamisa ukulingana kwe-1%.
Kwaye inkululeko kunye nokulingana kwenza ntoni xa sijongene naloo nto? Kwabanye abanokuthi-enkosi kwezo mpumelelo- bathathe inxaxheba โkugqatso lokuya encotsheni,โ ibe ninzi. Kwizigidi ezininzi ezingaphezulu, nangona kunjalo, abaye bakhwela i-escalator ezantsi okanye esele behlala kufutshane okanye ezantsi kuluntu, ibe yintlekisa, isithembiso esingenanto, into (njengoko uGeorge Carlin waphawulayo) sisabiza iphupha laseMelika. kuba "kufuneka ulale ukuze ukholelwe kuyo."
Ngenxa yesandla sabo ekuncedeni le ngxaki ibuhlungu, iiDemokhrasi ezintsha zabonakala zenzelwe i-sobriquet esele ikhona - uhlobo lwesiqalekiso esenziwe lilungelo loluntu - "i-limousine liberal." Umfuziselo wohanahaniso, yakhawulwa yaza yasetyenziswa okokuqala ngowe-1969 kungekhona ngasekhohlo kodwa ngamanani aloo ntshukumo yephiko lasekunene. Umfanekiso wesihlwele esinempahla yesilika esizalwe, sikhuliselwe kwaye sifundiswe ukulawula, sidityaniswe kwiisekethe zamandla kunye nobutyebi, sisithi sixhalabele abo bacinezelekileyo kodwa bengekanikezeli nawaphi na amalungelo ukuze banciphise usizi lwabo (okwangoku lulungisiwe). ukufuna ukuba wonke umntu akhwele ihashe) uye wahlala entliziyweni yezopolitiko zaseMelika ukusukela ngoko. Ngexesha lethu, ibe yimagnethi eNyakatho ye-right-wing populism.
Umzabalazo weKlasi, iSimbo saseMelika
Ngo-1969, uMongameli uRichard Nixon wacela โuninzi oluthe cwakaโ ukwenza idabi nabo baza kuthi kungekudala babizwe ngokuba โziinkululeko zeenqwelo-mafutha.โ Wayenethemba lokudibanisa iqela elibanzi labasebenzi abamhlophe kunye nabakumgangatho ophakathi osezantsi kwi-Republican Party. Eli qela lalikade lingabalandeli beNew Deal Democratic Party, kodwa laliziva lilahliwe ngakumbi kwaye liphazanyiswa yimvukelo yelo xesha.
Kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, i-limousine liberal yayiza kubonakala igqibelele piรฑata ngenxa yokufunxa ingqumbo yabo malunga nezidubedube zobuhlanga, kunye nokuyekiswa kwamashishini kunye nokuwohloka kwawo, nentlungu yawo yokubhanga โkosapho lwemveliโ kunye nemilinganiselo yalo yokuziphatha ekucingelwa ukuba ilungile. Ngale ndlela, iQela leRiphabhlikhi liphumelele ivoti enkulu yabasebenzi abamhlophe. Kucace ngokwaneleyo xa sijonga umva ukuba olu kujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kwesininzi esithe cwaka kunye nenkululeko yee-limousine yayisoloko iluhlobo lomzabalazo wodidi lwaseMelika.
U-Nixon wangqina into ethile yobuchule bezopolitiko kwaye ukugembula kwakhe kwasebenza kakuhle ngokumangalisayoโฆ de, ewe, ngexesha lethu akuzange kwenzeke. Ukulandela inkokeli yakhe, umyalelo ophezulu weRiphabhlikhi wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba ukuphephezelisa iflegi ebomvu "ye-limousine liberalism" kwakuvuyisa iminqweno kunye neevoti ezinomdla. Abazange, nangona kunjalo, babe neyona njongo incinci yokwenza nantoni na ukulungisa ngokwenyani iimeko eziwohlokayo zeso sininzi sithe cwaka. Amanani aphambili eqela ayezibophelele kakhulu ekukhuseleni iimfuno zeshishini laseMelika kunye neeklasi eziphezulu.
Izijekulo zabo, inyama ebomvu abayiphosela kubalandeli babo "kwiimfazwe zenkcubeko," yandisa inkanuko yelo xesha de, emva kokudodobala kwezimali ngo-2007 kunye nokudodobala okukhulu kwezoqoqosho, baqhuma ngendlela iRiphabhlikhi yayingenandlela. ukudibana ne. Into eyaqala njengesidalwa sabo, esenziwe ngokugxeka kunye nokuphuma komona kunye neemvakalelo ezimnyama zikaNixon ngokwakhe ngendlela isiseko senkululeko esasimdelele ngayo, saphela sijikela abaqulunqi bayo.
โInkoliso ethe cwakaโ ayisayi kuphinda ithi cwaka. Iqela leTea lakhala ngalo lonke uhlobo lokusekwa kwezopolitiko ebhedini eneWall Street, oongxowankulu abangoongxowankulu, abatenxileyo ngokwezenkcubeko nangokwesondo, abarhwebi basimahla abaqhwanyaza kancinci kwimisebenzi abayitshisayo, abarhafi abangazange badibane nendawo yokuhlala yerhafu abangazange bayenze. uthando, kunye nabachasi borhulumente omkhulu ababephila ngeenkxaso-mali zikarhulumente. Kwikhowudi ye-zip ethe qelele, kude, isihlangu esinelungelo labantu baseMelika ababeyidlalile inkqubo, abathe ngokwenene badlala inkqubo kwinkqubo, bajongela phantsi ubunzima babo babekade bekholelwa ngaphambili, ngoku becaphukile, ngokuthandabuzayo.
Kule nkqubo, iQela leRiphabhlikhi lachithwa kwaye yayinguDonald owayekhwele loo nto Trump Tower escalator phantsi ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi ukuze uchole amaqhekeza. Ukungahloneli kwakhe igunya kwasebenza. I-phobias yakhe yobuhlanga kunye ne-misogynist yasebenza. Iibhiliyoni zakhe zisebenzele izigidi ezikhule zithabatheke ngabo bonke abahlohli abadumileyo beWall Street. okwesibini Ubudala obuGidiweyo. Indlela yakhe yokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo yasebenza kunye nabo banentswelo kunye nengqiqo yeemvakalelo yabanjwa ngumntu owakhumbulayo. xelelwe I-Congressman yaseRiphabhlikhi, "Gcina urhulumente wakho izandla zisuka kwi-Medicare yam." Uninzi lwazo zonke, i-bombast yakhe ye-muscle-flexing bombast yasebenzela izigidi ezityiswe kukudimazeka, ukukhubazeka, kunye nokungabi namandla. Baziva uDonald.
Ebusweni phakathi kwe-populism ephiko lasekunene kunye ne-neoliberalism, imikhosi yeQela leTea kunye namaTrumpists ngoku afumanisa ukuba ii-CEO ze-Fortune 500 zinokuziphatha okubi kunye nesisongelo sezoqoqosho, zikhula ngokucaphuka kwi-bail-out ye-Federal Reserve, kwaye zigxothwa ziingxaki ezininzi ezibangelwa urhwebo lwasimahla lwehlabathi kunye nezivumelwano ezihamba nalo. Kwaye isiseko esinjalo yintelekelelo yobukhapitali obudala, omnye onobubele kwindlela abacinga ukuba iMelika yayiyiyo. Basenokubizwa ngokuba ngabachasi bongxowankulu egameni longxowankulu.
Abanye-kaninzi abamelwane babo ekuhlaleni bekhupha imisebenzi elungileyo kwaye babonakala bephantsi kohlaselo-baziva benoBern. Oku kubonisa olunye uhlaselo kwi-neoliberalism yodidi lwe-limousine. UBernie Sanders ngokuzingca uzichaza njengobusoshiyali, nokuba izimvo zakhe zenkqubo zifana nenguqulelo ethe kratya ekhohlo yeSivumelwano esitsha. Ukanti nokuthetha igama elithi "socialism" esidlangalaleni, ungaqhubeki ngokunyanzeliswa kuyo kwaye ubalekele kuyo, uyonwabisa ukuzinikela okunyanisekileyo kwezigidi, kuyamangalisa - enyanisweni, ngaphaya kokucinga kuyo nayiphi na iMelika yamva nje.
Iphulo likaSanders lenze ukuma kwalo ngokuchasene nenkululeko yeClinton elite. Iye yachukumiseka kakhulu kuba umgqatswa, kunye nalo lonke uthando lukatatomkhulu wakhe kunye nengqibelelo, ugxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abantu baseMelika kufuneka bajonge ngaphantsi kobungxowankulu obukhululekileyo obungenamali ngokwezoqoqosho nangokuziphatha kwaye buqhuba umdlalo wokuzithemba kwezopolitiko, nanjengoko uthobela " indoda elityelweyo.โ
Ukuya kuthi ga ngoko, uTrump kunye noSanders bakhuphisana kwiindawo zovoto ezifanayo, nto leyo ekumele ukuba yothuse nabani na enikwa ukuba usasazeke kangakanani umonakalo we-neoliberal capitalism. Ungalibali ukuba, ngexesha loKudandatheka okuKhulu njengoko amaNazi ayesiya eba namandla ngakumbi, imibutho yawo, iNational Socialists, ayizange iphelele nje ekufakeni elo gamaโ โsocialismโ โ kodwa yakhuphisana namaqela obuSoshiyali namaKomanisi phakathi kwabasebenzi baseJamani ababecinezelekile. amalungu kunye nabavoti. Kwakukho namaxesha (xa babengabulalani ezitalatweni) ababebamba uqhankqalazo.
I-Trump, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-demagogue engenasazela, ixoki le-serial, kunye ne-nihilist ekholelwa kwinto ngaphandle kwayo. USanders, kwelinye icala, uthetha into ayithethayo. Kumba wobulungisa kwezoqoqosho, uye waphula irekhodi ngaphezu kwekota-yenkulungwane, nokuba akukho mntu ngaphaya kwemida yaseVermont onike ingqwalasela enkulu kude kube kutshanje. Ngoku uthenjiwe ngokubanzi kwaye uqhwatyelwa izandla ngeembono zakhe.
UHillary Clinton akathenjwa ngokubanzi. USanders uye rhoqo ngaphandle yena ngokuchasene nabo banokuba ngabachasi baseRiphabhlikhi kumongameli kuba ngenene ungumntu okhululekileyo ogama lakhe litshise ngokuthembana ngesantya esimangalisayo. Kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi kunoko, imvukelo eye yanyusa uSanders ayoyiki ukubeka ubungxowankulu edokhini. UTrump akakazukuyenza loo nto, kodwa imeko yokugula ye-neoliberal status quo imenze, naye, abe namandla okubalelwa kuye. Nangona ujongile, iminyaka yokuvuma iyadlula.
USteve Fraser, a TomDispatch njalo, ngulo mbhali Ixesha lokuvuma, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi. Incwadi yakhe entsha I-Limousine Liberal: Indlela yoMfanekiselo ovuthayo oManyaniswa ngasekunene kunye neMelika eyaphukileyo (iincwadi ezisisiseko). Ungumseki kunye nomhleli we Iprojekthi yoBukumkani baseMelika.
Eli nqaku lavela okokuqala kwi-TomDispatch.com, iblogi yeSizwe yeZiko, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, iindaba, kunye noluvo oluvela kuTom Engelhardt, umhleli wexesha elide ekupapasheni, umseki weProjekthi yoBukhosi baseMelika, umbhali we Ukuphela kweNkcubeko yokuNqoba, njengenoveli, Iintsuku Zokugqibela Zopapasho. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje ngu Urhulumente we-Shadow: Uqwalaselo, iMikhosi eyimfihlo, kunye ne-State Security State kwilizwe eliMandla oLodwa (Iincwadi zeHaymarket).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela