Ungakuxhathisa uhlaselo lomkhosi, kodwa awukwazi ukumisa ingcamango exesha layo lifikile.
~ UVictor Hugo
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Njengoqhankqalazo oluqhubekayo eTurkey kunye noqhanqalazo oluninzi eBosnia, eBulgaria naseBrazil qinisekisa, igagasi lemizabalazo eyaqalwa ngeemvukelo zama-Arab ka-2011 lisaqhuba ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kucacile ukuba, kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, "amaphupha ayingozi” yabavukeli bama-Arabhu, baseYurophu ngumsindo kwaye abahlali baseMelika ubukhulu becala bahlala bengazalisekanga. EYurophu, i-austerity mantra isanconywa ngokungagxekiyo kwaye ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ngoorhulumente basekhohlo nabasekunene. E-Egypt, imikhosi yamaSilamsi ikwazile ngempumelelo ukuqweqwedisa uhlaziyo ngokuthatha amagunya karhulumente kunye nokucinezela isithembiso sayo senkululeko. E-United States, okwangoku, imizimba ebikhe yadibana eWall Street ibonakala ngathi iye yabuyela kwimeko yayo yangaphambili ye-atomization yentlalo.
Kule ndibano yangoku, umbuzo omdala kodwa obalulekileyo uvela - zombini iintshukumo ezaqala ngo-2011 kunye nezo ziqhubekayo eTurkey, eBrazil nakwezinye iindawo: yintoni eza kwenziwa? Ngokutsho kwabanye, kubandakanywa iingcingane ezibalaseleyo zasekhohlo ezifana noSlavoj Žižek kunye no-Alain Badiou, umlinganiswa ozenzekelayo kunye nokuzimela kohlaziyo olutsha lubeka inani leengozi. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, aba bagxeki bayaxoxa, ukunqongophala kobunkokeli obuphakathi kunye ne ifetishism yokuthe tye ezichaza ezi ntshukumo zisemngciphekweni wokuzigwebela ubukho bexeshana obunempembelelo encinci kwiziphumo ezibambekayo zezopolitiko. Ngaphandle kobunkokeli obuyimfuneko bokubizwa kuka-Badiou no-Žižek inkosi – kuqikelelwa ukuba ikwimo yeqela elineengcwangu – uqhanqalazo lunyanzelekile ukuba lufane nantoni na ngaphandle kwamahlokondiba, aphawulwe ngoqhushumbo lwethutyana lokhuphiswano lwe-carnivalesque oluthi ekugqibeleni lwenza kancinci ukujongela phantsi ubudlelwane obunzulu bamandla obubumba uluntu longxowankulu. Kweyona nto igxekayo kwezi toliko, iinguqulelo ezintsha zinokude ziphele ukuqinisa ubungxowankulu.
Iintshukumo zanamhlanje: Ukuqhubela phambili iSocialism ngaphandle kwePolitiki?
Kwinqaku le Levantoday, UDavid De Bruijn ivakala ezinye zezi zigxeko, nokuba uphikisana ngakumbi ngokwembono yenyani kunoMarxist-Leninist onjalo. Okokuqala, uxoxa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba imvukelo yeTahrir ka-2011 yayinxibelelene kakhulu noqhanqalazo oluchasene nobungqongqo eSyntagma kunokuba uninzi lwabakhi-mkhanya ngelo xesha babezimisele ukuyiqonda. Kodwa, emva kolu qwalaselo olusisiseko, uDavid uqhubela phambili kwisigqibo sokuba mhlawumbi imithombo yokufana phakathi kwezi ntshukumo - leyo uLeonidas Oikonomakis kunye nam sicinga ukuba yinxalenye yentsapho efanayo, esiyibiza ngokuba Intshukumo yeDemokhrasi yokwenyani - nabo kanye kanye ubuthathaka babo obuphambili. Ngapha koko, i-wave eqhubekayo yoqhanqalazo 'lokuhlala', kubandakanywa uqhanqalazo oluchasene nobungqongqo eYurophu kunye novukelo lweTaksim, lunokuthi lubonise Ukuzalwa ngokutsha kweMbali, kodwa ekugqibeleni bakwenza oko ngokucebisa ukubuyiswa kobusoshiyali ngaphandle kwezopolitiko:
Abaqhankqalazi banamhlanje abazibandakanyi nemibutho okanye iinkqubo; abangeni kwibala lezopolitiko ukuze bafumane iinjongo ezithile zezopolitiko, okanye bade batshintshe inkqubo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuyeka okuqhelekileyo kukuba ezopolitiko 'zonke azinathemba'. Ngokunjalo, abaqhankqalazi banamhlanje bafuna isoshiyali ngendlela ecacileyo: 'iinqobo' kunye 'neenjongo' ezinjengokulingana, ubulungisa kunye neendlela zokuphila ezingezizo izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa hayi naziphi na izenzo ezinokubakho eziquka ezi nqobo.
Kukugxeka intshukumo ye-Occupy eyaziwa kakhulu, kunjalo. Okokuqala, amajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kunye nokusekwa kwezopolitiko bakhalimela abaqhankqalazi ngokusilela ukuchaza naziphi na iimfuno ezicacileyo; emva koko iqumrhu elishiyekileyo langenelela, ligxeka amatshantliziyo aphantsi ngokwala ukuzenzela umbutho nokufuna amagunya karhulumente. Ikwangumgca wokugxeka ofanayo nalowo oye wabekwa kwinqanaba lokuzimela Imvukelo yaseZapatista eMexico, ngokuzenzekela imvukelo edumileyo e-Argentina kunye nentshukumo engenazinkokheli yokutshintsha i-globalization eYurophu nase-United States, konke oku kwanceda ukuvusa eyona mizabalazo ibalulekileyo yehlabathi yokuchasa ubungxowankulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane. Enyanisweni, i-critique ebuyela umva kakhulu kunale, isuka kwii-polemics ze-Marx ezichasene ne-anarchism ye-Proudhon kunye ne-Bakunin ukuya kwi-critique ka-Lenin ye-Rosa Luxemburg ye-revolutionary spontaneity; kunye nokusuka kukuhlaselwa kukaStalinist kumkhosi we-anarchist we-revolution yaseCatalonia ukuya kwi-Marxist critique yeziganeko zikaMeyi ka-'68.
Kunika umdla ukuqaphela, kulo mba, ukuba kukho indibaniselwano ekudala ikho kwaye ifuna ukwazi phakathi kweethiyori zeli ziko lasekhohlo - elimelwe kule meko ngabantu abacinga nzulu njengoSlavoj Žižek - kwelinye icala; kunye nokusekwa kwezopolitiko ezikhululekileyo kuluntu lwedemokhrasi yongxowankulu kwelinye. Bobabini baye bahlala begxeka i-Real Democracy Movement ngenxa yokwala kwayo ukuhlonipha iimfuno zombutho wezopolitiko zeqela; omabini aphikisa ngelithi, ukuba kuthathwe nzulu, amatsha-ntliziyo kufuneka alahle iinkohliso zawo zenguqu kwaye amkele imithetho esisiseko yomdlalo. Ngaphandle kokumelwa epalamente, bayaphikisana, akukho mntu uya kumamela. Ukuba ngaba abaqhankqalazi banokungcolisa izandla zabo kwaye benze ipolitiki, aba babini bangaqhelekanga bebhedi babonakala bevumelana, singaqalisa incoko.
Uqhawulo-mtshato lwaMandla kwiPolitiko
Kodwa ke yiloo nto kanye eyenziwa ngamatsha ntliziyo hayi funa. Abafuni kuzibandakanya kwingxoxo nemibutho yezopolitiko kuba bayithatha yonke inkqubo esekelwe kuyo njengengenademokhrasi ngokusisiseko. Ngaphezu koko, ukwala ukubandakanyeka kwipolitiki emele idemokhrasi yobukapitali akupheleli nje ekuqwalaseleni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha: ayikokuchasa nje “okuthambileyo” kunye “nokuthamba” ukugatywa kwezopolitiko ngenxa yemilinganiselo. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabaququzeleli abasemva kweentshukumo zengca kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo bayaqonda ukuba ukuhamba phakathi kwemibutho yemveli kunye namaziko karhulumente kunokwenza intshukumo yabo ibe yingozi ngakumbi kunokulunga. Oku ekugqibeleni a buchule ingqwalaselo kangangoko iyinto yokuziphatha okanye imbono. Ungajongi ngapha koko Dilma Rousseff, UMongameli waseBrazil, ukubona okwenzekayo kubavukeli - kule meko owayesakuba lilungu lamaqela ahlukahlukeneyo e-Marxist guerrilla ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi waseBrazil - xa bethatha amandla karhulumente. Okanye jonga kwi Ubukhosi bukaPapandreou eGrisi. Okanye i Miliband usapho eUnited Kingdom. Imizekelo ayinasiphelo.
Apha, kufuneka senze umahluko obalulekileyo otshintsha kakhulu isiseko sohlalutyo lwethu malunga neendlela ezifanelekileyo zombutho wenguqu phantsi kweemeko zobungxowankulu behlabathi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubanga ukuba ezopolitiko ekugqibeleni zimalunga namandla. Xa upolitiko lubonwa ngolu hlobo, ukwala kweentshukumo zanamhlanje ukuzifaka engxakini kwezopolitiko ezimeleyo kubonakalisa ukusilela ukuqaphela ubunyani bentlalo bobudlelwane bamandla obukhoyo kunye nezakhiwo zamandla ezijijekileyo. Ingxaki ngale ndlela yokuqiqa kukuba idibanisa iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezinxibelelene ngokusondeleyo kodwa nangona zihluke kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo uqoqosho lwethu lwezopolitiko kwaye sahlule ezopolitiko kulawulo. Zygmunt Bauman amanqaku ukuba ezopolitiko zimalunga nokwenza isigqibo ngento eza kwenziwa, ngelixa amandla amalunga nokukwazi ukuyenza ngokwenene. Ngaloo ndlela, idemokhrasi yelizwe kunye nedemokhrasi igcwele ipolitiki kodwa ayinawo amandla.
Kucazululo lwamandla olwakhiwo abumba umqolo wethiyori wophando lwam lwePhD kunye nentlalontle yam, ilizwe lesizwe alisesiso isiseko esisebenzayo okanye esisebenzayo soguqulo lwezopolitiko (ngokungaphezulu koku, jonga yam yamva nje. iphepha lenkomfa ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo indlela amandla okwakhiwa kwenkunzi yemali ayiguqule njani imeko yezopolitiko kwingxaki yamatyala aseYurophu). Ehlabathini lonke ingxaki yokumelwa kanye sisiphumo sokuqondwa kwabavoti abangachanekanga ukuba abameli abanyuliweyo bayekile ukumela iimfuno zabo, kwaye le asiyongxaki yabameli ngokwabo kodwa yinkqubo yokumelwa ngolo hlobo. Yintoni abantu kuyo yonke indawo abaqala ukuyiqonda kukuba ukuvota akunamsebenzi ukuba abameli abakhethiweyo abanalo igunya - okanye i-collective will - ukuphumeza izithembiso abazenzayo xa bekhokela unyulo. Into abantu abaqala ukuyiqaphela, ngamanye amazwi, kukuba amandla aqhawukile kwezopolitiko, eshiya ezopolitiko kwindalo iphela engenathemba.
Ke endaweni yokungawuhoyi umbuzo wamandla, iReal Democracy Movement iyawubeka elubala ukuba yintoni kanye kanye: ityhila umlawuli wobungxowankulu bedemokhrasi ukuba ze. Njengo-Subcomandante uMarcos we-EZLN faka, "Kwi-cabaret yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, urhulumente uzibonakalisa njengomdanisi wetafile ohluba yonke into de ishiywe neyona mpahla incinci ifunekayo: amandla ocinezelo." Kuyo yonke indawo esijikelezileyo, sinokubona iimpahla ezingenantsingiselo zedemokhrasi yommeli zilahliwe phantsi - iipalamente, iindawo zokuvota, iipowusta zephulo - kodwa umlawuli owayezinxibile kudala wafudukela kwenye indawo. Amaxesha ngamaxesha, urhulumente usazinxiba kwisithukuthezi esitshabalalisayo sonyulo “olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa”, kodwa amandla obukhosi awayekhe awavumela ukuba aguqulele iziphumo zawo kwisenzo esinentsingiselo aye aguquka abe ngumphunga ade asasazeke. ulawulo longxowankulu. Lo ngundoqo wezopolitiko ngaphandle kwamandla, kwaye iintshukumo zonyaka ka-2011 zezona zinzame zamva nje nezihlangeneyo kuluntu ngokubanzi ukukuchaza oku.
Ukusuka ekungcatshweni ukuya kwinkohliso: eKhohlo liJikela ekunene
Yiyo loo nto ukuphoxeka ngamaqela ezopolitiko. Ke ngoko iindlela ezizimeleyo zokuzilungiselela. Ewe, kubonakala ngathi namhlanje indawo ekuphela kwayo yezopolitiko apho urhulumente usenamandla okuchaphazela utshintsho kwiziphumo yipolitiki yenkcubeko yesazisi: ayinakukwazi ukunqanda ukuhamba kwemali kwimida, kodwa ubuncinci. urhulumente usenakho ukunqanda ukuhamba kwabantu - kwaye kunjalo, ngesiphumo esikhohlakeleyo, ukuphazamisa ababaleki kunye nabafuduki ngokungathi ubomi babo buxhomekeke kuyo. Xa kuziwa kuqoqosho, nangona kunjalo, urhulumente unyanzelwa ngokwesakhiwo kukukwazi koosomashishini kunye noosomashishini ukuhambisa utyalo-mali lwabo njengoko bethanda: ukukhwela kude. zigidi yeedola ixabiso lengeniso kwiindawo ezikude zerhafu ngelixa uhambisa utyalo-mali kuye nabani na onikezela ngowona mmiselo ulula kunye nembuyekezo enkulu. Oosopolitiki, okwangoku, baxhomekeke ngokwesakhiwo kwaba batyali-mali babucala ukugcina ukukhula okwaneleyo kunye namanqanaba engqesho, kungenjalo bazibeka emngciphekweni wokukhutshelwa esikhundleni kunyulo olulandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, bonke abezopolitiko ekugqibeleni kufuneka bafezekise umdla weshishini - ukuba abakwenzi oko, intengiso iya kubaqeqesha nje ngokwahlukana.
Abantu ke ngoko banokuba nelungelo lokuvota, kodwa yintoni ingongoma ekuvoteni ukuba ekuphela kwento onokuyenza kukuba ngubani oza kuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo exhasa amashishini amakhulu? Populists bathanda Beppe Grillo e-Italiya banokukhwaza “bonke bangamamenemene, bakhuphe bonke!”, Kodwa eyona nto siyibonayo ayingobezopolitiko abarhwaphilizayo abangcatsha abavoti babo, okanye abasekhohlo bangcatsha abasebenzi, kodwa inkunzi ngokuthe ngcembe ikhulisa amandla ayo okulwa. Njengoko iinkqubo ezimbini zokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nokuthengiswa kwemali ziqhubela phambili, abezopolitiko abakhethiweyo - abonakeleyo nabanyanisekileyo - bancitshiswa nje ngokuba ngabaphathi: banyamekela izixhobo zombuso ngelixa oosomashishini kunye noosomashishini behambisa imali yabo. Oku akuyongxaki "yokungcatshwa". Nokuba ngaba abavoti benkululeko banokuziva bengcatshiwe ngokujika kuka-Obama ukuya ekunene, oku akukhona nje malunga nokonakalisa amandla abantu (kukwamalunga naloo nto, kodwa ingeyiyo yodwa). Ngokufanayo, ayisiyiyo nje into yokuba i-Workers' Party ingcatshe abasebenzi baseBrazil, okanye i-PASOK ingcatshe abavoti eGrisi. UCornelius Castoriadis, isithandi sobulumko esingumGrike sokuzimela geqe, wayenolwazi xa wayesele wabhala ngo-1955 ukuba amaqela asekhohlo aye ze bamele ngokwenene abantu abasebenzayo:
[S] ukuba 'bayasingcatsha' ayinangqiqo. Ukuba, ukuze athengise inkunkuma yakhe, umrhwebi undixelela intwana yobutshivela aze azame ukundeyisela ekubeni kukulungele ukuyithenga, ndinokuthi uzama ukundiqhatha kodwa hayi ukuba uyandingcatsha. Ngokunjalo, i-Socialist okanye i-Stalinist party, ekuzameni ukukholisa i-proletariat ukuba imele iimfuno zayo, izama ukuyikhohlisa kodwa ayiyikungcatsha; bawungcatsha kwakanye kwakudala, yaye ukususela ngoko abangobangcatshi kubasebenzi kodwa bangabakhonzi abathembekileyo nabangaguquguqukiyo bezinye izilangazelelo.
IRevolution kaNcinci iReferensi kuHlaziyo
Ke ngoko ayikuko ukuba iintshukumo zanamhlanje ziyala ukujongana nembono enzima yamandla, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchaseneyo. Bayanda abantu kwihlabathi liphela baqalisa ukuqaphela ukuba urhulumente wongxowankulu wedemokhrasi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni inkqubo esasazekileyo yehlabathi yobudlelwane bamandla obungxowankulu, nokuba amaqela asekhohlo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni igunya nokuba semthethweni. yelizwe longxowankulu. Njengoko uJohn Holloway eyibeka kwi mva nje udliwano-ndlebe lwe-ROAR, “into enye ethe yacaca kule ngxaki kubantu abaninzi ngakumbi nangakumbi ngumgama welizwe kuluntu, kunye nenqanaba apho urhulumente adityaniswe nentshukumo yemali, ukuze urhulumente aphulukane nenkangeleko yokutsalwa. kumacala amabini.” Ngelixa izilungiso zexeshana zolawulo lwemfuno yaseKeynesian kwiminyaka yasemva kwemfazwe kunye netyala eliphantsi kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo inokubangela abavoti bakholelwe ukuba urhulumente. wenza Ukukhathalela abantu abaqhelekileyo, iinkohliso ezinjalo ziye zanyamalala kule ndibano yangoku yengxaki yobungxowankulu: hayi nje kwi-eurozone kodwa kuyo yonke indawo.
Isikhundla seziko elishiyiweyo kulo mba kukuzibetha ngokugqithisileyo. Kwelinye icala, uninzi lweeradicals ezijolise kurhulumente, amasoshiyali aguqukayo kunye namakomanisi angavumelana nocazululo lokuba amandla ongxowankulu akhule ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweniyoliberalism kwaye urhulumente uya ezithoba kulawulo lobuzwilakhe lweemarike. Njengoko uŽižek ngokwakhe ubeka, ukhuselo olusabelayo lwekhohlo lwentlalontle ekugqibeleni ngumzamo ongenathemba: “i-utopia [yanamhlanje ekhohlo] ayilotshintsho olugqibeleleyo lwenkqubo, kodwa yingcamango yokuba ubani unokugcina intlalontle. Ngaphakathi inkqubo.” Ngapha koko, ude athethe ngelithi “ukuba sihlala siphakathi kwemida yenkqubo yobukapitali behlabathi, ngoko ke imilinganiselo yokunciphisa ezinye iimali kubasebenzi, abafundi nabadla umhlala-phantsi iyimfuneko ngokwenene.” Ngokucacileyo iimbono ezinjalo kunzima ukuziphindaphinda ngenkxaso ye-Žižek ye-SYRIZA, i-Coalition of the Radical Left eGrisi, kunye nokhuseleko lwamva lwentlalontle. Ngenye imini, ingcamango ka-Žižek yethiyori yakhe malunga nengxaki yamatyala aseGrisi yamnyanzela ukuba enze njalo kugqiba ukuba amathuba olawulo lwasekhohlo ngokubanzi “'ngokungathandabuzekiyo' akanathemba”; kusuku olulandelayo uzifumana ukudumisa I-SYRIZA “ngokukhalipha kwayo ukuthatha [kwaye] ishenxise uloyiko lwasekhohlo lokuthatha ulawulo.”
Eyona nto ingcono abantu basekhohlo abanokulindela ngayo kwimeko enjalo “yokungabi nathemba” kuhlaziyo oluthile: ukusilela kwetyala laseArgentina, ukwenziwa kwakhona kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke kurhulumente okanye mhlawumbi ibhanki, mhlawumbi izibonelelo ezithile zosapho okanye izibonelelo zokunceda ukuphakamisa. amahlwempu okanye ukuzisa imfundo kwabo bangabandakanywanga; hayi kakhulu. U-Žižek ude agqibe ngomdla encoma intlekele ka-Obama uhlaziyo lwezempilo, bengaqondi ukuba ngokusisiseko bahluba amakhulu amawaka ezigidi yeedola ezivela ezibhedlele kwaye zanikela ngazo njengengeniso kwiBig Pharma kunye neenkampani zeinshorensi zaseWall Street. Nantoni na eyenzekayo kwingcamango endala yenguqu epheleleyo ubusoshiyali “njengobunini boluntu beendlela zokuvelisa kunye nolawulo lwentsebenziswano kuqoqosho”? Ngoku kucacile ukuba zonke iindlela ezijolise kurhulumente zethiyori yenguqu kunye nokusebenza kudala zirhoxa kuhlaziyo lokungaphumeleli. Oku akuyongxaki nje yehlelo kwiziko ekhohlo: iiradicals ezikhokelayo ngokwazo ziyayibona loo nto. Ethetha kuMnyhadala woTshintsho eZagreb kulo nyaka, uRichard Seymour - umbhali webhlog Ingcwaba likaLenin - avunywa ukuba "ngendlela esebenzayo sonke singabaguquleli ngoku." Ngenxa yoko, iinkcuba-buchopho ziphela zixhasa amaqela ezopolitiko anemigaqo-nkqubo yawo yokugqibela kodwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Enyanisweni, ngexesha elaneleyo elichithwe ekulawuleni, umsebenzi wabo ophambili ngokungenakuthintelwa uba kukuzinziswa kombuso wedemokhrasi okhululekileyo ozimasa ubudlelwane bentlalo bolawulo longxowankulu behlabathi. Kwinkqubo, umjikelo wokukhohlisa owachongwa nguCastoriadis - ngokwenene umjikelo we ukuzikhohlisa ngokudibeneyo - iyaqhubeka ingathintelwa.
Ngelixa uSlavoj Žižek evakalisa eyakhe inkxaso engenamiqathango Iqabane eliselula nelinobubele njengo-Alexis Tsipras - inkokeli ye-SYRIZA apho onke amathemba agxininiswe kuye ngoku - lo wokugqibela uya kutyelela uWolfgang Schäuble eBerlin ukuxelela uMphathiswa wezeMali waseJamani ukuba akufuneki oyike ukuphuma kwe-euro yamaGrike, ukuqalisa ikhubalo elikhubekisayo eUnited States ukuqinisekisa i-IMF kunye neebhanki zabucala ngokufanayo, nokuba xelela abaphulaphuli boosomashishini, amagosa ase-US kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo babuza kwi-Brookings Institution ukuba "Ndiyathemba ukuniqinisekisa ukuba andikho yingozi njengoko abanye bezama ukutsho." Kuyabonakala ukuba amandla oluleko kwiimarike makhulu kangangokuba ade abe nefuthe lawo kumaqela aphikisayo. "Ngaba kukho into yokoyika iphiko lasekhohlo eGrisi?" inkokeli yoManyano lweRadical Left Xa ebuzwa abaphulaphuli bakhe benkululeko ngokuvakalayo. "Siba radical ngayiphi indlela?" Okwangoku, impendulo kufuneka icace kuye wonke umntu: ngegama kuphela.
Ukuphela koLawulo kunye nokuKhululwa kokuzimela
Ngoko ke yintoni eza kwenziwa? Kunokuba siphinde sivelise urhulumente wongxowankulu ngokuqhubeka kwethu nenxaxheba phakathi kwawo, kufuneka siwutshabalalise. Kwinqanaba lethiyori, iziko elishiyekileyo lingavumelana nathi kule njongo iphakamileyo inzima. Kodwa kwinqanaba elisebenzayo bayaphikisana ngokuqhubeka bezama ukuyihlutha, nokuba kungenguquko okanye ngeendlela zonyulo - kodwa bagxothwa amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiinjongo zabo zokuseka isoshiyali ngezinto ezingxamisekileyo zentengiso: ukusuka kwiMorales' Movement for. Ubusoshiyali bubandakanya “I-Andean-Amazonian capitalism” kunye nokunciphisa iintshukumo zengca ukukhawulezisa ukutsalwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu eBol
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