AMALUNGISELELO ESIVUMELWANO
Oku kusizisa, ekugqibeleni, kowona mxholo kunye nezibonelelo zesivumelwano ngokwaso. Abantu abaninzi abanenkqubela phambili, kubandakanywa abaninzi endibaziyo kwi-Palestine solidarity kunye ne-anti-Occupation movements eWinnipeg naseMontreal, babonakala becinga ukuba i-Geneva Accord yahlukile kwiinzame zangaphambili. Babonakala becinga ukuba yeyona nto ilungileyo inokufunyanwa. Kufuneka sibe โnenyani.โ Kwaye bacinga ukuba inkcaso kaSharon kwi-GA ingqina ukuba kufuneka kubekho into entle ngayo - nangona iLabour Party ibimbi kakhulu kuneLikud ngokwemiqathango. yokwandisa iindawo zokuhlala kwiMimandla eSebenzisiweyo, kunye ngokubhekiselele ekuqiniseni oko umlweli-mkhosi wakwa-Israel uJeff Halper akubiza ngokuba yi-รขโฌลMatrix of Control.
Zininzi iintetho eziphakamileyo kwintshayelelo, kunye nentelekelelo echaziweyo yokuba isisombululo semibuso-mbini lukhetho โkuphela olunokwenzeka.โ Intshayelelo ikwagxininisa ukuba abatyikitye isivumelwano (uSirayeli kunye nePLO) baya โkuqhuba. ngokwabo ngokuhambelana nezithethe zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye neTshatha yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo.รขโฌ Iphinda ibango lokuzisekela kwizigqibo ze-UN 242 kunye ne-338, kwaye icebisa ukuba i-GA รขโฌลiyakwenza ukuphunyezwa NGOKUGELELEYO kwezi zigqibo. Njengoko siza kubona, nangona kunjalo, imimiselo yokwenyani yesi sivumelwano imela intetho yentshayelelo entlokweni yayo, yenza intlekisa ngombono welizwe lasePalestina elisebenzayo nelizimeleyo, kwaye lijongela phantsi uthotho lwezigqibo ze-UN ezinxulumene ne-Israel-Palestine, singasathethi ke รขโฌลizithethe zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye neTshatha yeZizwe eziManyeneyoรขโฌ leSivumelwano saseGeneva esithi รขโฌลsiqinisekisa kwakhona.
Inqaku loku-1 lesi siVumelwano ligxininisa ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwe-GA รขโฌลkuya kuwahlawulela ONKE amabango amaQela.รขโฌโSisiphelo kulungiselelo longquzulwano, okuthetha ukuba, kuchazwe ngokucacileyo, ukuba รขโฌลakukho mabango angaphezulu anxulumeneyo. Iziganeko eziphambi kwesi siVumelwano zinokuphakanyiswa naliphi na iQela.โ Ngokusayina esi sivumelwano, yonke imbali yokuhluthwa kwePalestine, ukubiwa komhlaba, ubomi babantu abalahlekileyo, amabango embuyekezo avela kwi-al-Nakbah, amabango asekelwe ilungelo lokubuyiswa kweembacu, imfuno yasePalestine yokuvunywa koxanduva รขโฌโรขโฌโ konke kulilize. Ithathwa ngokuba โisonjululweโ ngamagatya esivumelwano. Ngokwenyani, amalungelo omntu kunye neqela labantu bonke ajongwa njengelahleko. Ukuphulukana, ngokuyinxenye, ngenxa yokutyikitywa okubhaliweyo kwabaphezulu basePalestine abaphulukene nonxibelelwano nesitrato รขโฌโรขโฌโ ngamanye amazwi, ngabantu abajongwa njengabadibanisi abaziintloni ngamaPalestina aqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iiNdawo eziHlangeneyo kunye nabangaphandle.
Inqaku lesi-2 lithembisa amaQela โukuba akasayi kuphazamisana kwimicimbi yangaphakathi yomnye,โ kwaye lifungela ukuseka โiindlela eziqinileyo zentsebenziswano yokhuselekoโ ukuze โkupheliswe ubunqolobi nogonyameloโ kubo bobabini abantu. Njengoko siza kubona, kuphela i-hypothetical state yasePalestine ibotshelelwe yi-GA รขโฌลukungaphazamisiรขโฌ kwimicimbi yangaphakathi yakwaSirayeli รขโฌโรขโฌโ hayi ngenye indlela ejikeleze รขโฌโรขโฌโ kwaye รขโฌลi-robust. Iindlela zentsebenziswano yokhuseleko-zijikeleza ikakhulu kwizibophelelo zasePalestina zokukhusela amaSirayeli kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakwaSirayeli. Kuso sonke iSivumelwano saseGeneva, izibophelelo zikholisa ukuba yindlela enye, ukusuka รขโฌลiState of Palestineรขโฌ ukuya kwaSirayeli, hayi ngokuphendululekileyo.
Inqaku lesi-3 liseka iQela loPhumezo noQinisekiso (IVG) ekunokwenzeka ukuba lenziwe yi-US, iRashiya, i-European Union, neZizwe eziManyeneyo, kunye namanye amaqela, ukunyanzelisa iSivumelwano se-Geneva, ukubeka iliso kumacala omabini, nokusombulula iingxabano ezinokubakho. Ikwabhekiselele kuMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (MF) ukunceda i-IVG ukubeka iliso kunye nokunyanzelisa i-GA, nangona ukubunjwa, ukwakhiwa, ubungakanani, kunye nolawulo lwalo mkhosi wezizwe ngezizwe ushiywe ungachazwanga, kwaye njengamacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo eSivumelwano saseGeneva, kuphela ukuya. kujongwana nayo kwicandelo eliseza kuqulunqwa lesivumelwano elibizwa ngokuba yi-รขโฌลAnnex X.รขโฌ Enye ishiywe inombono ocacileyo koku, kunye namanye amacandelo eSivumelwano saseGeneva, sokuba iMelika iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. kunye nokumisela indima kwi-IVG kunye nomkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye banokude basebenzise isivumelwano esinjalo ukuseka ubukho bomkhosi obuzimeleyo (kubandakanywa neziseko ezitsha) ngaphakathi kwendawo ecetywayo yasePalestina. imiba emininzi engundoqo ichazwa, okanye irhoxisiwe, kwisiHlomelo X esingaqondakaliyo, sithetha ukuba indima yase-United States ijongelwe phantsi kwaye ayicacanga. Kodwa ukubakho kwendima eqinisekileyo yase-US kubeka esichengeni ukuzenzisa "i-Geneva Accord" 'yokusebenzisa isandla,' kwaye akubonisi kakuhle uzinzo kunye noxolo nobulungisa kulo mmandla.
Ummandla kunye nemida phakathi kwePalestina kunye ne-Israel ixutyushwa kwiSiqendu 4, esithi isekela yonke imida kunye nohlengahlengiso kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngokuhambelana nezigqibo ze-UN 242 kunye ne-338. Inqaku liqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imida iya kusekelwa ngomhla we-4 Juni 1967 imigca, enokuba nokwenzeka รขโฌลuhlengahlengiso olusi-1:1.รขโฌ Ekufundeni kokuqala, oku kuvakala kuthandeka kwaye kusengqiqweni, uphuculo olukhulu kwizindululo zangaphambili. Kodwa isivumelwano asithethi ngomgangatho womhlaba xa sithetha โngokuguqulwa kweenguqu.โ Sithetha kuphela ngobungakanani. Kucacile kwiimephu zokuqala (epapashwe eHaรขโฌโขaretz kunye noyilo lokuqala lwesivumelwano), ukuba i-Israel iya kuzihlomela inxenye enkulu yombindi weWest Bank, kunye neminye imimandla eyenzeka "ephuhliswe" kakhulu. I-โฌ malunga neekholoni zakwaSirayeli ezingekho semthethweni, kwaye ezingenzelwanga nto nje, zimi phezu kweendawo ezimanzi ezimanzi ezimanzi zengingqi. Ukubuyisela lo mhlaba unqwenelekayo ku-Israel, amaPalestina aya kunikwa umgca owongezelelweyo wentlango ecaleni kweGaza Strip, kunye "nezindlu ezithengiswayo" รขโฌโรขโฌโ kunjalo, รขโฌลngobubeleรขโฌ batshintshiselwa nge-1: 1 isiseko.
ISivumelwano saseGeneva sithi amazwe acetywayo akwa-Israel nePalestine โayakuqaphela kwaye ahloniphe ulongamo lomnye nomnye, imfezeko yommandla, nokuzimela geqe kwezopolitiko, kunye nokungahloniphi ummandla omnye komnye, kuquka amanzi emimandla kunye ne-airspaceโ โฌ (Inqaku 4/2). Esi sivumelwano sizele ziingqikelelo ezilolo hlobo zentlonipho nokuzimela omnye komnye, kulandelwa ngoko nangoko ngamalungiselelo asijongela phantsi, kwaye kuthandabuzeka kwiinjongo nokunyaniseka kwababhali baso.
Inqaku lesi-4/5 linika iinkcukacha ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye nokurhoxiswa kweendawo zokuhlala, lichaza ukuba u-Israel โunoxanduva lokuhlalisa kwakhona amaSirayeli ahlala kwindawo eyongameleyo yasePalestina ngaphandle kwalo mmandla. kunye nokujikeleza i-East Jerusalem, ikhuselekile รขโฌโรขโฌโ uninzi lwabo bonke abahlali รขโฌโรขโฌโ kwaye iphinda idwebe imida ukubonisa lo msebenzi ungekho mthethweni, akucaci ncam ukuba zeziphi รขโฌลindawo zokuhlalaรขโฌ kwaye aza kuba ngawaphi na amaSirayeli. bancothulwe kwiikoloni zabo kwaye รขโฌลbahlaliswa kwakhonaรขโฌ kwenye indawo. Olu xwebhu lubhideka ngabom malunga neenkcukacha ezinjalo. Akukho nokuba mnye, รขโฌลulungisoรขโฌ olukhethekileyo oluthiywe kwaye luhlelelwe ukurhoxiswa. Akukho namnye obizwayo ukuba atshintshelwe kulawulo lwelizwe elitsha lasePalestine. Olu xwebhu lubhekiselele รขโฌลkwipropati engenakushenxisekaรขโฌ kunye รขรขโฌลiziseko zophuhlisoรขโฌ kuloo mathanga angenamntu angachazwanga ekutyholwa ukuba aya kudluliselwa kulawulo lwasePalestina. Kodwa kwanalo lungiselelo libonakala lilungile liyakhatywa yinto yokuba akukho mathanga abizwa ngamagama, uninzi lwenyani luhlonyelwe, kwaye into yokuba uSirayeli (njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku elilandelayo kwiGA) uya kutsala ixabiso lepropati elolo hlobo kulo naluphi na umbuyekezo. kunye namabango anokuthi anyanzeliswe ukuba ahlawule kwiimbacu zasePalestina.
Inqaku lesi-4/6 lichaza ngokudalwa รขโฌลindlela edibanisa iWest Bank kunye neGaza Strip,รขโฌ eya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo naliphi na ilizwe lasePalestina elisebenzayo, elivumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwempahla kunye nabantu phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zelizwe elinye. Kodwa eyokuqala, inkcazo egunyazisiweyo yale paseji kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva yeyokuba iya kuba รขโฌลphantsi kolongamo lwakwaSirayeli.รขโฌ Isivumelwano sihlabela mgama sichaza ukuba loo paseji โayi kuphazamisana nokuthuthwa kwamaSirayeli,โ kwaye iya kwakhiwa รขโฌโ โฌลIzithintelo ezikhuselayoรขโฌ ngobude bayo bonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu unokungena kwaSirayeli okanye ePalestine esuka kwipaseji. Isivumelwano asichazi ukuba ezothutho zasePalestine ziya kukhuselwa okanye ziphazamiseke, kwaye asichazi nokuba yintoni รขโฌลubukhosi bakwaSirayeliรขโฌ kunye nolawulo lwendlela yokuthutha abantu basePalestina.
Inqaku lesi-5/1 libhekiselele kwizinto ezimangalisayo ezifana รขโฌลukuqondana kunye nentsebenziswano,รขโฌ kwaye lichaza ukuba uSirayeli nePalestina ziya "kuqaphela kwaye zihlonelane ilungelo lomnye nomnye" lokuhlala ngoxolo ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo neqondwayo ngaphandle kwesoyikiso okanye Izenzo zemfazwe, ubunqolobi nogonyamelo.รขโฌ Ikwachaza ukuba โbayakuyeka ukugrogrisa okanye ukusebenzisa izigalo ngokuchasene nentembeko yomhlaba okanye ukuzimela geqe kwezopolitiko komnye umntu.โ ISivumelwano saseGeneva asichazi ukuba yintoni โingqibelelo yomhlabaโ โฌ kunye "nokuzimela kwezopolitiko" kuthetha kumxholo wolawulo lwe-Israel kwimida yasePalestina, kunye nolongamo lwe-Israel phezu kwepaseji ephakathi kweGaza kunye ne-West Bank, singasathethi ke ngamalungiselelo amaninzi esivumelwano esijongela phantsi ukufikelela kwikomkhulu lembali lasePalestine. , ukuboleka ulawulo lwasePalestina kwindawo yayo yomoya, ukuyithintela ekubeni nomkhosi wayo, ukuyinqanda ekungeniseni okanye ekuveliseni iintlobo ezithile zezixhobo, nokuvumela ukuqhubeka komkhosi wamaSirayeli ngaphakathi kwendawo entsha yasePalestine.
Phantsi kweSivumelwano saseGeneva, uSirayeli uya kuba nako ukugcina amajoni kwiNtlambo yaseJordani, kunye neziseko zomkhosi (ngokunganyanisekiyo ezibizwa ngokuba โzizikhululo zokulumkisa kwangethubaโ) kumantla nakumbindi weWest Bank, kangangexesha elingacacanga nelingenammiselo, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elingunaphakade. uhlaziyo รขโฌลngemvume yamaqelaรขโฌโข,รขโฌโข kodwa yarhoxiswa ixesha elaneleyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuvumela รขโฌลiinyaniso ezisezantsiรขโฌ zitshintshe ngokuphawulekayo kule minyaka mithandathu izayo (Amanqaku 5/7 no-5/8). Umkhosi womoya wakwaSirayeli รขโฌลunelungelo lokusebenzisa indawo yomoya yasePalestina ezimeleyoรขโฌ ngeenjongo zoqeqesho รขโฌลixhomekeke ekuphononongweni rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumiรขโฌ (inqaku lesi-5/9). Ngamanye amazwi, ngonaphakade, kunye nokubuza intsingiselo kunye nenjongo yokuzibophelela kwangaphambili kwe-GA (kwiSiqendu sesi-4) รขโฌลukunganyanzeki kommandla womnye nomnye,รขโฌโข kuquka namanzi kunye nendawo yomoya.
Yonke imida yokunqumla imida yasePalestina iya kuba neqela elihlangeneyo loMbutho woKhuseleko wasePalestina (PSF) kunye namaqela okubeka iliso eMultinational Force (MF), "ukuthintela ukungena ePalestine naziphi na izixhobo, izixhobo okanye izixhobo ezichaseneyo" neSivumelwano saseGeneva (iSiqendu 5/12). ). Akukho malungiselelo ahambelanayo anxulumene noSirayeli. Ngaphaya koko, โuSirayeli unokugcina ubukho obungabonakaliyoโ โkwiindawo zokukhwela abantuโ kunye โneendawo zokuthwala imithwaloโ kwimida โelawulwayoโ yasePalestine, kwaye mhlawumbi nangaphakathi kwilizwe lasePalestine ngokwalo, ukuze abeke iliso kwaye ahlole ukuhamba kweempahla kunye abantu abangena nabaphuma kwilizwe lasePalestina (Inqaku lesi-5/12) Akukho malungiselelo angqinelanayo anxulumene nokongamela kwePalestina imida yakwaSirayeli, izithethe kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko, singasathethi ke ngeposi kunye nezibonelelo zempahla.
Inqaku lesi-6 ngokubonakalayo linxulumene nomba ophikisanayo, nobalulekileyo kwezopolitiko weYerusalem, ekudala yamkelwa luluntu lwehlabathi njengekomkhulu ekwabelwana ngalo nawo nawaphi na amazwe angamaYuda nawasePalestina, kubuyela umva kwiSicwangciso soKwahlulelwa kweZizwe eziManyeneyo sika-1947. Eli candelo leSivumelwano saseGeneva liqala ngokuncomekayo , njengoko uninzi lusenza, ngokuchaza ukuba uSirayeli nePalestina โziya kuqonda ukubaluleka kwembali yendalo iphela, inkolo, yokomoya, nenkcubeko yeYerusalem nobungcwele bayo obugcinwe kubuYuda, ubuKristu, nobuSilamsi,โ kwaye ngaphezu koko โuya kulondoloza umlinganiswa, ubungcwele, nenkululeko yokunqula esixekweni. Kukwathetha ukuba isixeko siza kwabelwana ngandlelโ ithile: i-Israel nePalestina รขโฌลziya kuba namakomkhulu awo amkelwe ngokufanayo kwimimandla yaseYerusalem phantsi kolongamo lwazo. izibonelelo ezilandelayo, nangolwimi oluntsonkothileyo, nangokuhlehliswa kweengxoxo zezinto ezibalulekileyo kwisiHlomelo X.
Ukongeza kwintetho emangalisayo yentlonipho nentsebenziswano engentla apha, iSiqendu sesi-6 sithi amaQela amabini aya "kuhlonela icandelo elikhoyo lemisebenzi yolawulo" eYerusalem (iSiqendu 6 / 1). Ithetha ntoni le nto? รขโฌลEkhoyoรขโฌ icandelo lolawulo? Umntu akanakuqiniseka, kodwa icebisa kum ukuba la macala mabini kufuneka aqonde, kwangethuba, ukuhlala kukaSirayeli ngokungekho mthethweni kwi-Arab East Jerusalem, efakwe ngenkani kwimfazwe ye-1967. Ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo ebizwa ngokuba yinkunzi ekwabelwana ngayo โkwiindawo zeYerusalem phantsi kolongamo lwazo,โ umntu kufuneka akhumbule ukuzibophelela kukaYossi Belin kwangaphambili โkwiYerusalem ekwabelwana ngayo,โ kunye nerekhodi lakhe lokudlala amagama kunye ukukhohlisa ngokuchanekileyo lo mba, njengoko kubonisiwe kwisicwangciso saseBeilin-Abu Mazen sika-1995. Kwisiphakamiso saseBeilin-Abu Mazen, kwaye kwakhona eCamp David, kuninzi okwenziwe ngu-Israel รขโฌลimvumelwanoรขโฌ eyayiza "yahlulahlula" iYerusalem. , kwaye รขโฌลuvumeleรขโฌ amaPalestina ukuba abe neYerusalem eseMpuma njengekomkhulu lesizwe. Kodwa njengoko uTanya Reinhart ephawulile, esi sikhokelo siphela, kunye nentsomi โebuhlunguโ yokunyibilika kwamaSirayeli ethe yavela kuyo, ixhomekeke โkwiqhinga lomlomo.โ Isicwangciso saseBeilin-Abu Mazen sathi: รขโฌลuSirayeli uya kukwenza oko. yazi ukuba [isahlulo] sommandla ochazwa njenge-รขโฌหAl-Qudsรขโฌโข phambi kwemfazwe yeentsuku ezintandathu edlula ummandla othatyathwe kwaSirayeli ngo-1967 iya kuba likomkhulu lelizwe lasePalestina. Intloko yakho ijikeleze olu qulunqo, ukuba oku kugqiba kuthetha ukuthini kukuba ilali encinci, engummelwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-Abu-Dis, kwimpuma ye-East Jerusalem, iya kubizwa ngokuba yi-รขโฌลAl-Qudsรขโฌ (igama lesiArabhu leJerusalem), kwaye iya kusebenza njenge Ikomkhulu lelizwe lasePalestine. Lo ngumdlalo omkhulu, u-Edward Said kunye nabanye abahlalutyi kudala beyichaza, i-farce evumayo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhlala kwamaSirayeli kunye nokulawulwa kwe-East Jerusalem ngokufanelekileyo - kodwa enye ekubonakala ukuba yamkelwe ngu-Arafat kunye nezinye. PA amagosa.
Ngelishwa, akukho nto kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva esenza ukuba umntu acinge ukuba uBeilin kunye nabahlobo bajike umva kwabo kule rhetorical larceny, ngaphandle kokuvumela ubukho obulinganiselweyo basePalestina kwicandelo leSixeko esidala. Inqaku lesi-6/5 lithetha malunga neKhompyutha yeTempile ngakumbi, kwaye liqaqambisa โukubaluleka okukodwa kwezenkolo nenkcubeko kwesi siza kubantu bamaJudaโ รขโฌโรขโฌโ kodwa ngeli xesha, ngokumangalisayo, hayi kumaSilamsi ngokunjalo. Iqhubeka ithi i-quasi-state entsha yasePalestine "iya kuba noxanduva lokugcina ukhuseleko lweCompound kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ayiyi kusetyenziselwa naziphi na izenzo ezichasene namaSirayeli." Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi wokuqala nophambili odweliswe kwi-PSF kwikhompawundi ye-al-Haram / al-Sharif kukukhusela amaSirayeli!
Ekugqibeleni, lonke iNqaku lesi-6 lilingana nokugunyaziswa kokuhlala kukaSirayeli ngokungekho mthethweni ngo-1967 eMpuma yeYerusalem. Emva kokuthetha ngokukodwa malunga รขโฌลukhuselekoรขโฌ kwiSixeko esiDala, sifika kwiNqaku 6/11, elithetha ngeYerusalem รขโฌลoomasipalaรขโฌ (omnye wasePalestina nowakwaSirayeli) abumba iKomiti yoLungelelaniso noPhuhliso lweYerusalem (JCDC). Ngamanye amazwi, yonke i-Arab East Jerusalem ixelwa kwangaphambili ukuba yi-Israel. Kuphela sisiXeko esiDala โekusathethwathethwana ngasoโ kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva, kwaye inxalenye yaso iya kunikezelwa โngesisaโ kwilizwe elitsha lasePalestine, nezithintelo kunye nobupolisa bezizwe ngezizwe buchaziwe!
Inqaku lesi-6/12 lihlutha abemi basePalestina bakwaSirayeli abahlala kwiindawo ezithile zeYerusalem ubumi babo, kwaye libebela ngokuphandle kwilizwe elitsha lasePalestina. Ayibaniki ithuba lokukhetha. Akukho kukhankanywa ngokuhambelanayo kwamaSirayeli angamaYuda ahlala kwezi ndawo, akukho nto ibonisa ukuba banokunyanzelwa ukuba benze nantoni na (kubandakanya ukushiya amakhaya okanye indawo, okanye bakhethe phakathi kwabemi รขโฌโรขโฌโ bangasathethi ke ngokuhluthwa amalungelo asele ekhona. ukonwabela) ukuze kuququzelelwe รขโฌลukwahlulwaรขโฌ kwabantu okubandakanya โisisombululo selizwe-emibiniโ esidakumbisayo. Endaweni yoko, imbono ekudala ikho, kunye nocalulo olunzulu lwabemi basePalestine bakwaSirayeli โnjengesoyikiso sabantuโ okanye โikholamu yesihlanuโ iba, kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva, ilungiselelo lokucoca uSirayeli kubemi abangafunwayo. Wandise umhlaba; ukunciphisa inani lamaPalestina kuyo รขโฌโรขโฌโ injongo ende nebalaseleyo yamaZiyoni. Akukho nto apha yokwenza umntu รขโฌลobanengqiqoรขโฌ ukuqhwanyaza รขโฌยฆ
Elinye lawona macandelo amade eSivumelwano saseGeneva liGatya lesi-7, elichaza ngamalungiselelo okusombulula oko likubiza ngokuba โyingxaki yeembacu.โ Eli nqaku liqala ngokuqinisekisa isigqibo se-UN 194 โnjengesiseko sokusombulula umba weembacu,โ lize livakalise ukuba esi sigqibo siya โkuzalisekiswaโ ngokuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano. Umntu ngamnye รขโฌลinkululekoรขโฌ kunye รขโฌลukhethoรขโฌ lweembacu zasePalestine uchazwa kwaye uqinisekiswa kulo lonke iGatya lesi-7, kodwa phakathi kwemiqobo echazwe kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva ngokwaso (into esiyibiza ngokuba "ukhetho kunye neendlela ezibekiweyo").
Kodwa xa ngokwenene ufunda "ukhetho kunye neendlela ezibekiweyo," ufumanisa ukuba uluhlu lweendlela ezifumanekayo kwiimbacu zasePalestina azinamsebenzi, kwaye zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo "kwingqiqo eyongamileyo" yakwaSirayeli, okanye "amazwe esithathu" abanokuthi bafake izicelo. I-Israel inikwe i-veto epheleleyo malunga neembacu zasePalestina ezifuna ukubuyela kumakhaya abo ngaphakathi kwaSirayeli ngokufanelekileyo (Inqaku le-7 / 4). Ngaloo ndlela, iSivumelwano saseGeneva sichasene ngqo nesigqibo se-UN 194, esithi sisisiseko samalungiselelo aso, nesibanga ukuba siya โkuzalisekiswaโ ngenxa yokuphumeza isivumelwano! Kodwa kuye nabani na onomdla kwizibakala, iSigqibo 194 (Disemba 1948) siqinisekile. Ithi: รขโฌลiimbacu ezinqwenela ukubuyela kumakhaya azo zize zihlale ngoxolo nabamelwane bazo zifanele zivunyelwe ukwenjenjalo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, yaye imbuyekezo ifanele ihlawulwe ngempahla yabo bakhetha ukungabuyi. Ilungelo labantu basePalestine lokubuyela kwilizwe labo lokwenyani liyaqinisekiswa, kwaye lichazwe njengomntu ongenakuhluthwa kunye nelungelo loluntu รขโฌโ รขโฌโ รขโฌโ รขโฌโ รขโฌโ รขโฌโ alikho phantsi kwe-Israel รขโฌลingqiqo,รขโฌ kwaye ngokufanayo alikho phantsi รขโฌลimvumeรขโฌ ngabaxoxisi basePalestina. .
Kodwa iSivumelwano saseGeneva siwaphelisa onke amabango embacu kwixesha elizayo (Inqaku lesi-7/7), kwaye lizichasa kakhulu iindlela kunye nemigaqo kunye nokhetho olukhoyo kwezo mbacu ezinokuthi zifumaneke kwinkqubo yesicelo esinzima. Isivumelwano asicacisi malunga nobunzima bokwazisa ababaleki basePalestine "ngeendlela zabo ezininzi", kwaye ayikhathazeki ngokubanceda kwinkqubo yokufaka amabango kunye nezicelo, njengoko uninzi lwababaleki luphila phantsi kweemeko zentlupheko kwaye ubuhlwempu kwiinkampu zeembacu, ukusuka eGaza naseWest Bank, ukuya eLebhanon naseJordan. Umthwalo wokufaka amabango uphezu kwawo, umthwalo รขโฌลwokuqinisekisaรขโฌ itayitile yomhlaba olahlekileyo uphezu kwabo, umthwalo รขโฌลwokungqinaรขmaxabiso ezinto ezilahlekileyo uphezu kwabo, kwaye emva kwayo yonke le nto, iimbacu zineminyaka emibini yokufaka isicelo. amabango abo, okanye iinketho ezilinganiselweyo ezichazwe kwisivumelwano ziphulukene ngokupheleleyo.
Inqaku lesi-7 likwachitha ixesha elininzi lithetha รขโฌลiimali zamazwe ngamazweรขโฌ ukusingatha amabango embacu, imbuyekezo kunye nembuyekezo. Kuyabonakala kwisivumelwano sokuba uSirayeli ufuna ukwenza imali kumazwe ngamazwe ukuze ahlawulele ezakhe izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, njengoko kuchaziwe kwiNqaku le-7/8 kunye ne-7/10 ---ukubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba akalwamkeli. uxanduva lwengxaki yeembacu kwindawo yokuqala. Yile nto kanye i-United States izama ukuyenza ngoku kunye ne-Iraq, ukuvuselela ukwakhiwa kwayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Baqhushumbisa i-shit ngaphandle kwelizwe phantse iveki nganye kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, bephantsi kwesohlwayo esikhohlakeleyo, banciphise iziseko zoluntu ukuba bachithe, babulale isiqingatha sesigidi sabantwana, kwaye bafaka abantu base-Iraq kwimeko yendlala kunye nentlupheko engaziwayo. imbali yayo yesizwe รขโฌโรขโฌโ kwaye ngoku bafuna ihlabathi liphela lihlawulele ukubuyiswa kwayo! Bafuna ihlabathi liphela ukuba lihlawulele iikhontrakthi zokwakha ngokutsha ezinikezelwe kumaqumrhu aseMelika รขโฌยฆ kuqikelelwa ukuba ukwenza ukutsalwa kwe-oyile yase-Iraqi kube lula kumaqumrhu amaninzi aseMelika.
Ewe, uSirayeli ufuna ukwenza okufanayo. USirayeli akalamkeli nje uxanduva lwengxaki yeembacu zasePalestine, kodwa iSivumelwano saseGeneva sithetha malunga noSirayeli ofaka isandla kule ngxowa-mali yamazwe ngamazwe ecingelwayo (ukusingatha imbuyekezo nembuyekezo) ngokungathi sisenzo esikhulu sobuntu. Kamva, nangona kunjalo, isivumelwano sithi uSirayeli uya kutsalwa kule ngxowa-mali inye ixabiso layo nayiphi na impahla okanye impahla eyishiya ngasemva kwiikoloni ezishiyiweyo kwilizwe elitsha lasePalestine (Inqaku le-7/9)!!! Ingakholeleki. Omnye ushiyeka ezibuza ukuba ingaba รขโฌลixabisoรขโฌ elidityanisiweyo lamabango embacu ePalestine (hayi nje ngokwempahla elahlekileyo, kodwa nangokubhekiselele kubomi babantu abachaphazelekayo) liya kuhambelana noqikelelo lukaSirayeli lwamaxabiso epropati ashiywe ngasemva kwiikoloni ezishiyiweyo. Omnye ushiyeka ezibuza ukuba ngubani oza kuba namandla okuphembelela imilinganiselo ekumiselwa ngayo loo milinganiselo. Kwaye ukufunda iSivumelwano saseGeneva, umntu akashiywanga enemvakalelo entle esiswini, enethemba ngethemba lokuba ababaleki basePalestine bafumana ukuhlaliswa kakuhle.
Isivumelwano saseGeneva sikwafuna ukuchithwa kwe-UNRWA kwiminyaka emi-5. I-UNRWA yinkonzo yababaleki yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ePalestine, kwaye ngowona mbutho mkhulu wobuntu osebenza kwiiNdawo eziHlangeneyo, kunye neenkampu zababaleki zaseLebhanon naseJordani. Ngenzeka, ikhuphe ingxelo entsha namhlanje, icela uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso-mali ukuthumela uncedo olungxamisekileyo eGaza, apho ithi ubuncinane isibini kwisithathu sabemi baphila "kwintlupheko enzima." Iimbacu ezininzi zihlala imihla ngemihla usuku, iveki ukuya veki, ukusuka uncedo olungxamisekileyo lisasazwa ngemibutho enjalo, kwaye lo ngumbutho uSirayeli afuna ukuwuphelisa. ISivumelwano saseGeneva siqwalasela รขโฌลingxaki yababalekiรขโฌ esonjululwe, ngokwenkcazo, ngokuphunyezwa kwamalungiselelo eSiqendu 7. Ingaba iimbacu zasePalestina zifake amabango ngokwenene, nokuba ziyeva na malunga รขโฌลukhetho kunye neendlela ezibekiweyoรขโฌ kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva , enoba ngokwenene bafumana imbuyekezo okanye babuyiselwa kumakhaya abo, iidolophana, okanye izixeko zabo ezilahlekileyo, yaye enoba abona bantu bambi balufumana ngokwenene uncedo lokwenyuka kobugxwayiba nobunzima bokuphila ezinkampini, akunamsebenzi. USirayeli uya kube ezame kangangoko anako. Ubulungisa buya kube benziwe. Isiphelo sebali.
Kuninzi okunokuthethwa malunga namalungiselelo okwenene kunye namanqaku eSivumelwano saseGeneva. Kodwa mandisonge ngokuqaphela ukuba akukhankanywa kwanto kolu xwebhu lunamaphepha angama-50 รขโฌลudongaรขโฌ lwakhiwayo ngoku, รขโฌลudonga localucaluloรขโฌ njengoko sele lubizwa ngolo hlobo, luqingqa amaqhekezana amakhulu. yeWest Bank. Akukho nalinye inyawo lolu donga lucetywayo lweekhilomitha ezingama-600 olwakhiwayo kumhlaba wase-Israel, ecaleni komda owamkelwayo ngo-1967. Isetyenziselwa ukongeza nangakumbi umhlaba wasePalestine, nokuba yeyiphi na "uhlengahlengiso" olukhankanyiweyo kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva. Inyani yokuba ababhali besivumelwano bathi cwaka ngodonga, malunga nefuthe lalo, malunga nendlela ecetywayo, kunye neziphumo zayo kwilizwe elisebenzayo lasePalestine, ithetha lukhulu malunga nokuqonda kwabo izinto ezikhoyo ngoku. Ithetha kakhulu malunga nokuqonda kwabo (okanye ukungabikho kwayo) ngokubaluleka kwamanyathelo okumisa eyilelwe ukunyanzelisa iinyani ezintsha, eziyilelwe ukudala "iinyaniso ezitsha emhlabeni," ezinokuthi zithintele uthethathethwano lwexesha elizayo, kwaye zibeke emngciphekweni nakuphi na ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo nokunentsingiselo. phakathi kwamaYuda akwaSirayeli namaPalestina.
Okokugqibela, ingcaciso yeenkqubo ezinxulumene phantse nawo wonke umba obambekayo kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva irhoxiswa kuxwebhu lwamva olubizwa ngokuba รขโฌลIsihlomelo Xรขโฌ รขโฌโรขโฌโ uxwebhu olungekabhalwa, okanye olungakhutshelwanga uluntu. . Ngesizathu esithile, akukho salathiso kwiSihlomelo I ukuya ku-IX, kodwa nangona kunjalo, oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukugweba into esinayo, kuba ukwazi ukuba isivumelwano siziphatha njani izinto ezifana nemida, ukurhoxiswa kwentlawulo, iimbacu. , iYerusalem, njalo njalo (ngamanye amazwi, ukwazi indlela yokusingatha yonke into ebalulekileyo), ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke kwinto echazwe kwiSihlomelo X. Kukho inkohliso kwiSivumelwano saseGeneva sokubeka amanqaku anzima, aphikisanayo ngaphambili kunye neziko. Kuninzi okwenzekileyo malunga nokuphuculwa kwe-Oslo, apho imiba engquzulanayo iye yashiywa kwiingxoxo รขโฌลzobume bokugqibelaรขโฌ , eshiya u-Israel eqhubeleka nokwakha iindawo zokuhlala, ukuze aqhubeke nokuqinisa umsebenzi wakhe okwethutyana. Kodwa iSivumelwano seGeneva asikho ngcono. Uninzi lwale รขโฌลimiba enzimaรขโฌ inikwa amacandelo ayo, aphuphuma ziingxelo ezifudumeleyo nezingacacanga zentlonipho nentsebenziswano. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamagatya ahlala ejongela phantsi intetho yeSivumelwano sase-Geneva, iinkcazo eziphambili zendlela yokusebenza, imigaqo, kunye nesicelo zithunyelwa kwiSihlomelo X รขโฌโรขโฌโ-ukwenza ukuba uqwalaselo olunikwe esi sivumelwano sisonke lubonakale luhlekisa ngakumbi, kwiingcinga zam.
ISIPHELO
I-Geneva Accord iphinda isebenzise zonke iziphakamiso ezidala kunye ne-bankrupt ukuba u-Israel kunye ne-United States baye bazama ukunyanzelisa abantu basePalestina - ngexesha lonke lenkqubo ye-Olso, ukuya kuthi ga ku-Camp David ngoJulayi 2000. Ayisebenzisi kwa igama elithi รขโฌลUmsebenziรขโฌ Ukuchaza ubukho bomkhosi bakwaSirayeli kwiWest Bank, eGaza, nakwiMpuma yeJerusalem. Ngapha koko, yenza ngathi i-East Jerusalem ingomnye nje "ubumelwane" be-capitol yakwaSirayeli, kwaye ibeka indawo entsha ekufuneka amaSirayeli athethathethane ngayo kwaye enze "izivumelwano ezibuhlungu" ezijikelezileyo sisiXeko esiDala kuphela, esincinci kwaye sivunyiwe. icandelo elibalulekileyo le-Arab East Jerusalem, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yayingesiso sonke isiqwenga somhlaba esibizwa ngokuba yi-East Jerusalem, eyayimiwe ngowe-1967! Kananjalo iSivumelwano saseGeneva asiluvumi uxanduva lukaSirayeli kwingxaki yeembacu zasePalestina, singasathethi ke ngeNakbah yasePalestine (okanye รขโฌลintlekele) eyathi yakhutshwa ngo-1947-48, eyakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni okupheleleyo kwamakhulu eelali zasePalestine. uthotho lokubulawa kwabantu ngenkohlakalo. Endaweni yoko, iSivumelwano saseGeneva senza isalathiso esingacacanga (iSiqendu 7/14/d) kwiinkqubo zemfundo noxolelwaniso รขโฌลukuphuhlisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhumbula ezo lali kunye noluntu olwalukho ngaphambi ko-1949.รขโฌ Khawuyicinge loo nto umzuzwana; รขโฌลleyo yayikho.รขโฌ Yintoni, basuka banyamalala njengeedayinaso? Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kutheni? Akukho mntu unetyala? Esinjani sona isithuko kwabo baphulukene namakhaya abo, kwabo babulawayo, nakwabo basindileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo kaHagana, nokaIrgun, nokaStern Gang wokuhlanjululwa kohlanga! Hayi indlela ekumnandi ngayo ukuba abantu basePalestine babe nako ukubeka icwecwe kwindawo yaseDeir Yassin, apho amakhulu abantu basePalestina babulawa ngoEpreli 1948, nalapho ngoku kuhleli indawo ethe cwaka, ihlomela-dolophu lamaYuda laseYerusalem liphinde labizwa ngokuba yiGivat Shaul. Inene inkqubo รขโฌลyoxolelwanisoรขโฌ!
Isivumelwano saseGeneva sithi โilizwe lasePalestine elinobukhosiโ liza kwenziwa kwiWest Bank naseGaza, kodwa aliyi kuba nomkhosi, lingabinalawulo lwemida kunye nendawo yomoya, liya kuba yintlaninge yee-cantons ezidityanisiweyo, aziyi kuba nokufikelela okwenyani. ukuya kwikomkhulu layo eliyimbali, kwaye iseza kuba nomkhosi wamaSirayeli kwiNtlambo yaseJordani, kunye neendawo ezingaphandle zomkhosi kumantla nakumbindi weWest Bank. "Uloyiso" lokuba amanani athengiswayo e-PA afana no-Arafat kunye noRabbo kufuneka bathengisele abantu babo kukuba amaPalestine ngoku azakuba nolawulo lokufikelela kunye namapolisa kwikhompiyutha yenkolo ye-Al-Haram / Al-Sharif, i-Al-Aqsa Mosque. , kunye neDome yeLiwa. Lulo โloyiso.โ Bangabeka icwecwe kwaye mhlawumbi babambe ucweyo e-Deir Yassin. (Owu hayi! Indibano yocweyo isenokungabi yile nto siyibiza ngokuba sisivumelwano รขโฌลindlela efanelekileyoรขโฌ yokukhumbula iindyikitya zokufa needolophana ezitshatyalalisiwe! Indibano yocweyo isenokucaphukisa abantu, abantu abakhululekileyo kwiimbono zabo, bekhululekile kwiintsomi zelizwe labo.)
Kodwa ekugqibeleni, kubonakala kum, abathethi-thethwano basePalestina abanakukwazi ukuyifihla into yokuba iimfuno ezingundoqo zombutho wenkululeko yasePalestina zisayinwe ngokomgaqo, ngabaphezulu abanenkxaso ethandwayo, kunye namaPalestina avela kuluhlu lweemvelaphi kunye neembono ezisongelayo. ukuvukela i-PA. Ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba bubudenge ukuqikelela ukuba kukho imfazwe yamakhaya yokwenyani ngaphakathi ePalestina. Amanani anyukayo amaPalestina ajonga i-PA njengomqobo ekuzimiseleni kokwenyani kwePalestine kunye nenkululeko yesizwe. Abaninzi baqala ukubiza amagosa afana noRabbo ngokuthi รขโฌลabangcatshi.รขโฌ Ukuchasana, ukugqiba, kunye nezoyikiso ezichasene ne-PA ngokuthengisa ilungelo lokubuyisela kunye nezinye iimfuno ezithandwayo, ziyakhula. Kangangokuba uArafat kunye ne-PA zisixhasa ngokwenene iSivumelwano saseGeneva, kunye โnezisombululoโ ezifanayo, singabona umngeni wabo okanye usithwe yimikhosi emitsha okanye iintshukumo phakathi koluntu lwasePalestine. ILungelo lokuBuyela lilungelo lomntu ngamnye kunye nelobuntu, alinakuxoxisana naye nabani na ngaphandle kweembacu ngokwazo. Oku kwaqinisekiswa sisigqibo se-UN 194 ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa umgaqo ngokwawo uye waqinisekiswa ngokubanzi kwiSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oLuntu, kwiNgqungquthela yaseHague, kwiNgqungquthela yesine yaseGeneva, uMnqophiso weZizwe ngeZizwe wamaLungelo oLuntu nePolitiko, kwaye ngokutsho komnye umhlalutyi, uya. yonke indlela ebuyela eMagna Carta ngo-1215. Nayiphi na inkokeli yasePalestina kunye nombutho ongaphumeleli ukukuvuma oku, kwaye ukhuthaze egameni layo - "รขโฌโ kunye nasiphi na "isindululo soxolo" esisilelayo ukufumana inkxaso yamaPalestina aqhelekileyo, kungekhona. abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi nje abazimisele ukucinezela ukuphikisa kunye รขโฌลamandla angaqhelekangaรขโฌ รขโฌโรขโฌโ abanamathuba amancinane okuphumelela.
Okokugqibela, i-Geneva Accord ichaza รขโฌลubunqolobiรขโฌ รขโฌโรขโฌโ ayisokuze ibuchaze, kodwa ibuchaza รขโฌโรขโฌโ kuphela njengomba wezomkhosi nokhuseleko, hayi njengomba wezopolitiko nozakuzo. Kulo lonke uxwebhu kubonakala ukuba umsebenzi ophambili wamaPalestina "kukukhusela" kunye "nokuqinisekisa" ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwamaSirayeli. Hayi ngenye indlela. Ayivezwanga nangeendlela ezifanayo. Amaxhoba asePalestina ahlala e-Israel acingelwa ukuba ngabaphuli-mthetho: ngabo bodwa abafuna ukujongwa, ngabo bodwa abaza kuhluthwa, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba bavumele abahloli bakwa-Israeli kwimida โelawulwayoโ yasePalestina, kwibhasi yabantu. kunye nezikhululo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya, kwiposi kunye neendawo zokugcina imithwalo รขโฌโ kwimo yazo โeyongamileyo nengenakophulwaโ. Umsebenzi ophambili wamapolisa asePalestine ocetywayo kwisivumelwano uyafana nalowo uphantsi kwe-Oslo: ukuhlutha izixhobo, kwaye uphelise yonke "imikhosi engaqhelekanga." Ngamanye amazwi, cinezela abantu bakho, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho namnye. kubo bafumana iingcinga eziphambeneyo malunga nokuhlasela uSirayeli. Hayi nje i-Hamas kunye ne-Islamic Jihad, kungekhona nje abantu kunye nemibutho enokuthi iqhube ukuhlaselwa kwabemi base-Israel, kodwa nabani na ochasayo, nabani na onokuthatha ngokungqongqo ilungelo lokuchasa umsebenzi wangaphandle, ilungelo eliqinisekisiwe phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. ISivumelwano saseGeneva siyindlela enye yokungabi namali, kwaye simele ukubanjwa okufanayo okulindelwe kumaPalestine, okuthe kwayitshabalalisa inkqubo yase-Oslo, kwaye kwaqinisekisa into enye kuphela eqinisekileyo รขโฌโรขโฌโ oko kukuthi, ukuqhubeka kokuchasa kwePalestine ukuSebenza, ubundlobongela obuqhubekayo. kumacala omabini, uhlaselo oluqhubekayo lokuzibulala kumkhosi wase-Israel kunye nethagethi yoluntu, ukuqhubeka nobugrogrisi belizwe lakwaSirayeli, kwaye okubuhlungu, kuqhubeka ukuthula kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthula รขโฌยฆ njengoko ithemba loxolo olunentsingiselo kunye nelizwe lasePalestine elisebenzayo ligutyungelwa luthuli ngamatanki neebhuldoza zakwaSirayeli, ukwenza indawo (nditsho ndithi รขโฌลlebensraum?รขโฌ) kwiindonga zakwaSirayeli, kunye neendlela ezidlulayo, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. , iindawo zokuhlala, iindawo zokuhlala.
UPaul Burrows ulilungu le-Canada Palestine Support Network (Winnipeg), kunye ne-International Solidarity Movement-Canada (www.ismcanada.org).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela