Abahlalutyi bamandla kunye nabameli baseTexas babongoza uMongameli uJoe Biden ukuba abhengeze ngokusesikweni imeko yonxunguphalo lwemozulu ukuze kupheliswe igridi yelizwe.
Ngelixa uBiden ebhengeze amanyathelo athobekileyo okulwa nengxaki yemozulu kwiveki ephelileyo kwiziko lombane elibaswe ngamalahle eSomerset, Massachusetts, liphinde lafakwa kwimveliso yamandla omoya elunxwemeni, wayeka kude ukubhengeza imeko kaxakeka yelizwe.
Isibhengezo esinjalo siya kuvula amandla amatsha olawulo anokuthi ancede ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka okwandisiweyo kwigridi yamandla yaseTexas eshukumayo, ngelixa ubaleka ukubaleka. ukukhutshwa kwemethane ukusuka kwisiseko se-oyile kunye negesi kwi-Permian Basin, abahlalutyi kunye nabameli baseTexas baxelele Thunti. Ngaphaya koko, bathi, amandla amatsha olawulo okubuyisela ukuvalwa kwe-oyile ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle anokubanakho ukuthoba amaxabiso erhasi yasekhaya ngelixa uxhasa uluntu lweGulf Coast ngombala, oluhlala lubizwa ngokuba โziindawo zamadini,โ ukulwa neempembelelo zokunyuswa kwerhasi eqhekekileyo.
The izenzo zesigqeba uMongameli Biden wabhengeza kwiveki ephelileyo iya kuqinisa ishishini lomoya lasekhaya lase-offshore kwi-Gulf of Mexico nakuMzantsi-mpuma. Ulawulo luthe luceba ukuchitha i-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukunceda uluntu ukuba lujongane namaza obushushu ahlala ixesha elide ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilawulwa yi-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), iSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu, kunye nezinye ii-arhente.
Njengoninzi lweYurophu kunye nezigidi zabantu baseMelika kwilizwe liphela, iTexans iyaqhubeka nokubhaka phantsi kweengcebiso zobushushu ezihlala ixesha elide ehlotyeni ngesantya ukuze zibe yeyona ishushu kwirekhodi - into eyinyani izazinzulu zithi inxulunyaniswe nengxaki yemozulu.
Ubushushu obutshisayo buqhube imfuno yombane ukuba irekhode phezulu, iphantse yabeka igridi yamandla yaseTexas eshukumayo, ehlala izimele kwezinye iigridi zesizwe, uQhagamshelwano lwaseNtshona kunye noQhagamshelwano lwaseMpuma, nasemva kokucima kukaxakeka ngexesha leWinter Storm Uri ngoFebruwari ka-2021. khohlo ezininzi njenge700 I-Texans ifile kwaye izigidi ezingenamandla kunye namanzi iintsuku.
Umqhubi wegridi karhulumente, i-Electric Reliability Council yaseTexas (ERCOT), yathi imfuno yombane ngokufutshane phezulu kwi-80,000 megawatts okokuqala ngqa kwiveki ephelileyo, ukodlula ezona ngqikelelo zimbi zasehlotyeni ebezilindelwe yi-ERCOT.
Kabini kule nyanga, i-ERCOT ibize i-Texans, uninzi lwabo lusabandezeleka umonzakalo ongapheliyo ngenxa yokucima kukaFebruwari 2021, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ngexesha lokukhukhumala, iimvakwemini ezinamanani amathathu njengoko imfuno isoyikiswa ngokugqithisa unikezelo.
Ngoku, i-ERCOT iyala izixhobo zamandla eziguga zikarhulumente ukuba zilibazise ukugcinwa kunye ngaphaya kwemida yazo yongcoliseko ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza imini yonke ukumpompa ukuphuma kwamandla. Amandla iingcali ziyalumkisa isantya sokwaphulwa kwerekhodi sirhafisa ngakumbi inkqubo esele ikufutshane nemida yayo.
ERCOT ngaphambili khupha inqaku leendaba elahlekisayo ukutyhola amandla omoya ngokusilela kwegridi ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba isixa sokuvelisa umoya sasikuqikelelo lukarhulumente ngosuku lwehlobo ngelixa igesi, amalahle kunye nenyukliya. awuqhubi kakuhle. Abahlalutyi bamandla, nangona kunjalo, baye babonisa ukuba amandla elanga kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri ngokukodwa kuye kwadlala mhlawumbi eyona ndima ingundoqo ekugcineni igridi yamandla karhulumente ihamba kweli hlobo.
Isibhengezo sonxunguphalo lwemozulu ngoku singangqina ukuba sibalulekile ekunikeni ibheyile kuthungelwano lombane oluyingozi lukarhulumente. Ngoku ka ingxelo evela kuBrian Kahn, isibhengezo esinjalo asiyi kucela kuphela amandla ongezelelweyo kaxakeka afana nalawo abizwe nguMongameli we-Biden's Defense Production Act (DPA) ukuxhasa ukuveliswa kweepaneli zelanga, kunokubonelela ngokufakela imali kwitekhnoloji yamandla acocekileyo ukuba iiarhente zomdibaniso ziyalela imali eyongezelelweyo. i-DPA ngaphaya kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo lwe-$545 yezigidi.
Ngaphaya koko, uMongameli uBiden unokusebenzisa i-650 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zokuthengwa kwempahla kwaye aphumeze iiprojekthi zokumelana nemozulu phantsi koMthetho we-Stafford, okhokela kwaye ulungelelanise i-FEMA, njengezixhobo ezongezelelweyo phantsi kwemeko kaxakeka yemozulu. Ngokudibeneyo, i-DPA, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuthengwa kwempahla kunye noMthetho we-Stafford unokuvumela urhulumente amandla amakhulu okuthenga, ukukhulula iibhiliyoni zamandla acocekileyo, izithuthi zombane kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo, itekhnoloji yokugcina ibhetri enokuthi izinzise igridi yamandla yaseTexas kwaye isindise iTexans ekucimeni umbane ngexesha lerekhodi elizayo. -ukubeka, amaza obushushu ehlobo aqhutywa yimozulu.
"Ukuba nogcino olungaphezulu kwigridi yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu esinokuyenza ukunyusa ukuthembeka kwegridi kunye nokuqina," utshilo uDoug Lewin, umcebisi wamandla kunye nomongameli weStoic Energy ese-Austin, eTexas, kudliwanondlebe no. Thunti.
Kuya kuthatha iintlobo ezininzi zokugcina isambuku, waphawula, kubandakanywa ubungakanani bebala lebhola lofakelo logcino lwebhetri kunye nokuhanjiswa kogcino ngeebhetri ezizimeleyo. Ngaphezu koko, wathi, ukugcinwa kwemoto yombane kudityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokugcina, kubandakanywa umoya wentsimbi kunye neebhetri zokuhamba kwe-vanadium, ziya kubonisa isitshixo sokuba negridi yamandla eyomelelayo nethembekileyo.
โUgcino bekuya kuba yeyona ndlela ibhetele yokuhlangabezana nencopho [imfuno] kunezi zityalo [zamandla] zexesha le-'50s ezihlala zineendlela ezimbalwa zokulawula ungcoliseko, kodwa ziqaliswe, ngenxa yokuba [zi]sebenza ngaphambi kokuba kuwiswe uMthetho woMoya ococekileyo. ,โ utshilo uLewin Thunti.
Ugcino lweSolar, ludityaniswe nendlu yowiso-mthetho kunye/okanye iKomishoni yeZisebenzi zoLuntu (i-PUC) elawula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kurhulumente ukuze ize nezicwangciso zentshukumo ezibambekayo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ziphakathi kwezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zokuthembeka kwegridi phakathi kwemozulu eqinisayo. ingxaki, wachaza uLewin. Ngaphandle kokuba i-PUC ingenelele, iTexas iya kuqhubeka ifumana amandla okusebenza kakuhle okungaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-80 kunomndilili phakathi kwamazwe angama-27 aneenjongo ezikhoyo ngoku.
โIkhwelo lokulondoloza [amandla] asikokonga umbane. Ulondolozo lucutha ukusebenzisa kwakho amandla kwaye ungafumani mveliso efanayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kukuba: Ufumana isiphumo esifanayo, isiphumo esifanayo, ngelixa usebenzisa amandla amancinci, โutshilo uLewin Thunti. โUlondolozo kukuvinjwa โฆ kwaye kukho umbuzo wokwenyani wokuba ingakanani i-ERCOT kunye ne-PUC ezinokubiza ngaphambi kokuba uluntu ngokubanzi luqalise ukuthi, 'Yilibale le nto. andiyenzi.'โ
Ngokuka-Texas Sierra Club UMlawuli weSahluko uDave Cortez, zombini ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa okwandisiweyo kuya kunceda ukuthoba amatyala e-Texans ajongene nawo emva kwengqele ebandayo ebusika obudlulileyo, kunye namaza obushushu ehlotyeni. โEzi zityalo [zisebenza ngefosili] zifakwa emhlabeni, kwaye asinakuthembela kuzo,โ utshilo. Thunti. โAyiyonkqubo ethembekileyo, kwaye isishiya sonke sichanabeke kumaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu ombane.โ
U-Cortez ulumkise ngelithi emva kokuba ubushushu bexesha lasehlotyeni buphelile, izigidi zeTexans zinokubotshwa ngamatyala aphezulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwamatyala ombane. Abezopolitiko kunye nabalawuli kufuneka benze izicwangciso ngoku ukuthintela ukuvalwa kwezinto, njengoko benzile ngexesha lo bhubhani, utshilo.
Ngaphaya kokuqinisa igridi yaseTexas, uCortez kunye nabanye abameli bezendalo kunye namandla eTexas babongoza uMongameli uBiden ukuba acele amandla kaxakeka ukuba anqumamise uqeshiso lweoyile kunye negesi elunxwemeni kwiGulf of Mexico kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokugqibela ka-2023-2028 yokuqeshisa ioyile kunye negesi ayibandakanyi. i-oyile entsha kunye negesi eqeshiswayo naphina kunxweme lwase-United States, kuquka iAlaska kunye neGulf.
Ukubuyisela ukuvalwa kwe-oyile ekrwada eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala eyaphakanyiswa yiCongress ngo-2015 ayizukunceda kuphela ukubuyisela ukukhutshwa kwe-methane evuzayo kunye nokukhupha i-oyile negesi kwiziseko ezingundoqo kwi-Permian Basin, kunokuthi kwehlise amaxabiso kwimpompo yegesi. , abaxhasi bathi. Ngelixa ukuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunokukhukulisa imarike yasekhaya yase-United States, okubangela ukuba amaxabiso ehle, abacoci banokuchasa loo mkhwa ngokunciphisa imveliso kunye nokunyusa amaxabiso.
Ingxelo yamazwe ngamazwe yoTshintsho lwe-oyile iqikelela ukuba ukukhutshwa kwemethane kwiPermian kuya kuba ngaphezu kwe-9.5 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zeCO2-equitvalent ngo-2050 njengoko ukukhutshwa kwerhasi eqhekekileyo kulindeleke ukuba inyuse iipesenti ezi-50 kule minyaka ilishumi izayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi (ngokuchaseneyo nemfuno yangaphakathi). Oko kuchasene ngqo nokwehla kweepesenti ezingama-40 izazinzulu zemozulu ezithi ziyafuneka ukugcina ubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-1.5 degrees celcius.
Ngaphaya koko, i-oyile yePermian kunye nerhasi ithunyelwa ikakhulu ngemibhobho ukuya kunxweme lweGulf Coast kwaye yacokiswa kwizityalo zepetrochemical eziyityhefu ukuze zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike yehlabathi. Ukuba i ezininzi ezicwangcisiweyo I-oyile, i-petrochemical kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-liquefied natural gas (LNG) iiprojekthi zokuthumela ngaphandle phantsi kolawulo lwe-federal ziyakhiwa, uluntu lwase-Gulf Coast kunye ne-ecosystems ziya kuqhubeka zihlupheka ngenxa yeempembelelo ezingathandekiyo zongcoliseko olongezelelweyo - kwaye emva koko zithathe ukubetha okongeziweyo ngexesha lezaqhwithi zemozulu.
Ngexesha lokucinywa kwe-Uri yeSiqhwithi saseBusika, uCortez uthi, โSibone iinkampani zegesi ziqhubeka nokuthumela ngaphandle irhasi nangona kukho ukunqongophala kwegesi kwimizi-mveliso yethu yamandlaโฆ. Ngokusisiseko, uluntu olugudle iGulf Coast esele lutsala nzima โฆ kungekuphela nje [ngamatyala] anyukayo, ngokombane wabo nobunzima bokugcina amakhaya abo ehlala, epholile kwaye efikeleleka; baye babethwa zizaqhwithi ezisuka kuMzantsi Texas kwiNtlambo yaseRio Grande ukuya kutsho eNew Orleans.โ
Umlweli wemozulu engaphambili uJohn Beard, ochithe amashumi eminyaka esebenza kwiplanti yengingqi yase-Exxon ePort Arthur, eTexas, kwaye kamva waseka iPort Arthur Community Action Network, ukwabongoze uMongameli uBiden ukuba athathe inyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokumisa uqeshiso olutsha lweoyile negesi kunye neeprojekthi zeLNG kwaye kufuphi neGulf. โIthamsanqa lithanda abantu abanesibindi, kwaye sijonge umongameli wethu ukuba abonelele ngobunkokeli ukuba abe ngumongameli wemozulu awayesithi uza kuba nguye,โ utshilo uBeard. โOkwenzekileyo ngoku umongameli ubekwe kwindawo apho kufuneka avale umlomo okanye avale umlomo. Akasenakuphinda asixelele ngezi zinto aze angathathi inyathelo elifunekayo.โ
Ngokubhekiselele kwizenzo zolawulo ezithobekileyo uMongameli uBiden wabhengeza kwiveki ephelileyo, utshilo uCortez Thunti ukuba ulawulo ngokusisiseko lubeka imali eyongezelelekileyo ngasemva kwamandla kunye neenkqubo zokuqina kwemozulu esele zikhona, kunokuba zibonelele ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, uCortez uhlala enethemba ngomzamo omtsha weSebe lezangaphakathi wokwandisa amandla omoya ovela elunxwemeni kwiindawo ezimbini kwiGulf, kubandakanywa enye ekude nonxweme lwaseTexas.
Iqela laseSierra kunye neminye imibutho yokusingqongileyo icinezela i-Bureau yoLawulo lwaMandla oLwandle ukuba iqhoboshele abasebenzi abanamandla kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwi-offshore wind lease Biden ebhengezwe kwiveki ephelileyo, kunye nokhuseleko oluluqilima lokusingqongileyo kwizilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini.
โSifuna ukubona iTexans ifumana eyona nzuzo iphezulu kutyalo-mali kumoya ongaselunxwemeni, kwaye ngoku, kuba iyiTexas neLouisiana kunye nabanye oorhulumente boyikeka baseGulf Coast, akukho ziqinisekiso zokuba aba baya kuxhasa usapho, imisebenzi ehlawula kakuhle, "Utshilo uCortez.
Wakhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa kwizikolo eziphakamileyo zaseTexas kunye neekholeji zoluntu kwiindawo ezixhomekeke kurhwebo lwezakhiwo - iindawo ezifana neBrownsville, Port Arthur, Beaumont kunye neCorpus Christi. Imigangatho yabasebenzi eyomeleleyo yengqeshiso yomoya ekude nolwandle, u-Cortez uyaxoxa, uya kuqinisekisa imisebenzi emide kunye nezinzile kumawaka asebenza ukwakha kunye nokwenza iinxalenye zecandelo lokunikezela ngenkonzo yeefama zomoya kumanzi omdibaniso ukusuka kwi-Gulf. Okwangoku, azikho izicwangciso ezinjalo.
KuCortez, inguqu enobulungisa kufuneka idityaniswe nokuhamba okuthe kratya okusingise kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yamandla, apho abantu abakumgangatho osebenzayo banako ngokwenene ukwenza izigqibo malunga nendlela abawafumana ngayo amandla kunye namanzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu emva kokuba iWinter Storm Uri ingenise ukuhanjiswa kobutyebi obuninzi ukusuka kwi-Texans yabasebenzi ukuya kwiinkampani zamandla ezigidi ngezigidi zeedola ezifana ne-Energy Transfer Partners, CentrePoint Energy kunye ne-Encore, eqhubeka nokubeka iipokotho zabenzi bomthetho baseburhulumenteni abafana no-Gov. Greg Abbott kunye ULt. Gov. Dan Patrick.
"Urhulumente wethu usabanjwe ngumzi-mveliso we-oyile kunye negesi, kwaye yiloo nto evumele ukuvalwa kokuthumela i-oyile ukuba kususwe kwasekuqaleni," utshilo uCortez. โYiloo nto eyavumela [owayesakuba nguMongameli uBarack] Obama ukuba avume ukwakhiwa kwe-Keystone XL eTexas. Kwaye iseyile nto isixabisa kakhulu sonke kwimpompo, kwaye ivumela le nkqubo yaphukileyo ukuba ihlale isendaweni. โ
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