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Le veki iphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-26 yendyikityha yokufa kukaSabra noShatila, esinye seziganeko zophalazo-gazi olukhulu kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukhangelo lukaGoogle lweengxelo zeendaba zamva nje malunga nesikhumbuzo salo nyaka senkohlakalo, nangona kunjalo, ziveliswe kancinci kakhulu. Ewe, bekukho izithuba zebhlog yeemvakalelo, kunye nekhonkco kwiphepha leBBC elithi โNgalo mhlaโ, liqulethe iinyani ezikhawulezayo kunye namanani malunga nokubulawa kwabantu, ecaleni kovimba, kunye nefoto yemifanekiso yezidumbu ezijijekileyo ezilele kwimfumba ecaleni. udonga lwe-cinderblock, amaxhoba okubulala ngendlela yokubulawa.
Sele kudlule ikota yenkulungwane ukususela ekubeni amadoda, abafazi nabantwana abangaphezu kwe-1,000 1975 abangaxhobanga badlwengulwa, benzakaliswa baza babulawa. Imbubhiso yenzeke kwindawo eyahlulahlula imfazwe yaseLebhanon ngowe-1990-XNUMX. Abanye banokuthi ukubulawa kwaba luphawu okanye unobangela wenguqu eyoyikekayo yemfazwe. Ngaphambi kohlaselo lwamaSirayeli
Lo ngunyaka wesihlanu ukusukela iBelgian inkundla ye-cassation, inkundla ephakamileyo yesizwe, yagweba ukuba abantu bakwa-Israel kunye neLebhanon "abanomthwalo wemfanelo" wokubulala abantu banokuxoxwa, phantsi komgaqo wolawulo lwehlabathi, kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini.
Eli tyala laba ngundaba-mlonyeni laza lavusa impikiswano. Kwakhona yanika abo basindileyo indima entsha nobuntu obutsha kwiqonga lehlabathi: abadlali ababandakanyekileyo, kungekhona nje amaxhoba angamaxhoba emfazwe achazwa ngokufanelekileyo nguThucydides: โEmfazweni, anamandla enza unothanda, nababuthathaka bayabandezeleka. njengoko kufuneka." Ukubalisa kwakhona iziganeko ezimanyumnyezi zendyikityha yokufa kwakuzama. Ukuthatha umngcipheko wokufaka isikhalazo somthetho ngokuchasene nabantu abanamandla kakhulu nabanempembelelo kwaba nesibindi. Ukubeka ukholo kubulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu jikelele kwakuhloniphekile, kuyakhuthaza-kwaye ekugqibeleni kwakungenangqondo.
Ngehlobo lika-2003, owayesakuba nguNobhala wezoKhuselo e-United States uDonald Rumsfeld wanika urhulumente waseBelgium isigqibo: mhlawumbi bayawurhoxisa umthetho wabo wolawulo lwehlabathi (obizwa ngokuba "ngumthetho ochasene nenkohlakalo" eBelgium), okanye i-US iya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-NATO. ikomkhulu lafuduselwa kwenye indawo. URumsfeld wayenomdla wokukhusela abasebenzi basemkhosini base-US kunye neenkokheli zezopolitiko ekutshutshisweni kwexesha elizayo kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe e-Iraq. Akukho mmiselo wokulinganiselwa kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, kwaye ekubeni ulawulo lwehlabathi lonke lubambe ukuba ayisilo nje ilungelo, kodwa kunye nomsebenzi, welizwe ngalinye ukuzisa izigebengu zemfazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bubuzwe babo, naliphi na ilizwe elizama ukubeka " teeth" kwimigaqo yomthetho wobuntu wezizwe ngezizwe ngokucacileyo kwafuneka ubuyiselwe emgceni.
Asikokubaxa ukuba ukufa komthetho waseBelgium wolawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwakungolunye ukubulawa kwabantu, ngeli xesha leembono, ithemba kunye nemigaqo. Ngokususa indawo yokufuna inyaniso, uxanduva kunye nobulungisa, abalawuli base-US (ekufuneka ukuba kuqatshelwe, bayonwabela inkxaso engacwangciswanga kunye nengeyiyo-yokokwamanye amazwe esoyika ukuphendulwa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oludlulileyo okanye lwangoku) yagqiba isahluko esithembisayo kwimbali yobulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe njengesenzo, hayi ithiyori kuphela.
Iinkqubo zomthetho eBelgium zisa upapasho lweendaba kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezizwe ngezizwe zobumbano kunye novelwano kuSabra noShatila - akukho nto incinci emva kohlaselo lwe-11 Septemba 2001 xa ama-Arabhu, amaSilamsi kunye namaPalestine ayesenziwa iidemon njengabenzi bobubi obungenabuntu obungafanelekanga. ukhuseleko lomthetho. Mhlawumbi ubutshantliziyo bezomthetho egameni lamaxhoba kunye neentsapho zabo ezisindileyo nabo bakhuthaze iimpendulo ezintsha kwindyikitya yokufa kunye nentsingiselo yazo kwinkampu ngokwayo. Indawo yengcwaba elikhulu, iminyaka emdaka ebisebenza njengendawo yokulahla inkunkuma kunye nebala lebhola ekhatywayo, yacocwa yaza yatyalwa ngemithi neerozi.
Abasindileyo-abajike-abamangali babenethuba lokufumana imvakalelo yesidima kunye ne-arhente kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Amagqwetha kunye namatshantliziyo asebenze kweli tyala anethuba elibalulekileyo lokuthetha nabaphulaphuli abakhulu nabancinci kwihlabathi liphela ngokubaluleka komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuphendula, kwaye mhlawumbi nokuthintela, ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi.
Onetyala waba novalo; abanye babo, njengoElie Hobeika kunye nowayesakuba liqabane lakhe, inkokeli yePhalangist uMichael Nassar, babulawa. Oyena mcwangcisi wokugqibela wendyikitya yokufa, owayesakuba yiNjengele yakwa-Israeli nowayesakuba yiNkulumbuso uAriel Sharon, kwafuneka agcine umcebisi wezomthetho eBelgium.
Iinkqubo zomthetho eBelgium zaziza kuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngubani oyena mntu ujongene nokubulawa kwabantu. Esinye isiphumo sokuqulunqwa kobungqina kunye neengxoxo zomthetho yaba kukufunyanwa kwemilinganiselo emitsha yendyikityha yokufa, ngokukodwa into yokuba amadoda namakhwenkwe angaphezu kwe-1,000 ayekhweliswe ngeelori ukusuka kwibala lezemidlalo elikufutshane (emva koko phantsi kolawulo olupheleleyo lomkhosi wamaSirayeli kunye nomkhosi wamaSirayeli. amagosa ezobuntlola) kwiiyure emva kokuphela kwendyikityha yokufa. Abazange babuye, yaye akukho bani waziyo ukuba bangcwatywe phi na unanamhla. Ityala lenkundla lalinokuphendula imibuzo emininzi kwaye lizise uhlobo oluthile lokuvalwa kwabo bafelweyo.
Ityala lenkundla linokuthi licacise ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni abantu basePalestine banokubulawa, ngoko njengangoku, ngokungohlwaywa. Ityala eBelgium lachithwa kwiindawo ezininzi, nangaphambi kokuba uRumsfeld ajongane nolawulo lweBelgium jikelele. coup de ubabalo, njengenyathelo elithi "anti-Semitic", okanye "i-stunt yezopolitiko." Unjingalwazi wezomthetho waseHarvard uAlan Dershowitz ulijongele phantsi eli tyala ngokuthi "bubudenge kwizibonda." Kwiinyanga zokuqala zecala, abantu abaneenjongo ezintle babuza, "Kutheni uSharon? Kutheni kungekhona uSaddam? Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wenza ubugebengu obungakumbi kuluntu." Ewe. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kubekho umyinge omnye wamalungelo oluntu, kwaye ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kuyaqhubeka nokutshabalalisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezinjengeSudan neBurma. Nangona uSaddam Hussein wachithwa ngokukhawuleza (ngokuhlasela ngokungekho mthethweni) kwaye ekugqibeleni waxhonywa entolongweni yaseBaghdad, akukho mntu wakha wathi "Ewe, ngoku ukuba iSaddam iqhutywe nayo, ndicinga ukuba kuya kulunga ukutshutshisa abantu abajongene neSabra kunye noShatila." imbubhiso."
I-US kunye "nemikhosi yomanyano" ngoku ibulele abantu abaninzi base-Iraqi kwiminyaka embalwa kunokuba uSaddam waxhelwa kumashumi eminyaka. Kuyathandabuzeka ukuba nabani na uya kuze aphendule. Umgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni wokwenza oko uphantse wathi shwaka, kwaye kunye nayo, intando yezopolitiko kunye namandla angokweemvakalelo okufuna ubulungisa. Mhlawumbi yiyo yonke le nto, nangona kunjalo: ukwenza ukungakhathali kube lula ukucaphuka, kwaye ukurhoxa kube lula kunethemba.
Kwiminyaka ukususela ekubeni ityala lenkundla yaseBelgium lafakwa kwaye lachithwa, abantu basePalestina baphantsi kwe "Operation Defensive Shield" ngo-2002. Ewe, iGaza ngoku yeyona ntolongo inkulu evulekileyo yehlabathi kunye nelebhu yokuvavanya iindlela ezintsha zokophula imimoya yabantu. ILebhanon yaphinda yafumana uburhalarhume bomkhosi womoya wase-Israel kwakhona ngehlobo lika-2006.
Ubukhulu becala, amaphephandaba ezizwe ngezizwe, iinkokeli zehlabathi kwaneZizwe eziManyeneyo zahlala zizimumu yaye zingakhathali xa zijamelene nezi nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Nkqu nokubulawa kukaSirayeli amatsha ntliziyo aseMelika naseBrithani kunye neentatheli aziphumelelanga ukunqanda ubugebenga bemihla ngemihla obenziwa ePalestine. Ngokucacileyo, akukho ngezantsi, akukho mda, kwaye ngoko, akukho themba. Akumangalisi, kuba ngokucacileyo akukho xanduva.
Ngaphandle kokukhula kweminye imithombo yeendaba kunye namanyathelo amatsha eendaba, afana ne-Electronic Intifada, enika isizathu esithi "Besingazi!" ehlekisayo, ukubulala nokutyumza kuyaqhubeka. Okumangalisayo kukuba, okukhona kusaziwa ngakumbi ngokunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu ePalestine, kokukhona kubonakala kuncinane okwenziwayo. Mhlawumbi ukukhawuleza kunye nobunzulu bonxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi busibangela ukuba sicinge ukuba senza into nje ngokufunda okanye ukuthumela inqaku.
Kwincwadi yakhe ebalulekileyo, Kwimvelaphi yeTotalitarianism, isazi sefilosofi saseJamani uHannah Arendt wachaza ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba kutheni umthetho ubaluleke kangaka: "Yonke into efunekayo ukufezekisa ulawulo olupheleleyo kukubulala i-juridical kuMntu." Imbali yabantu basePalestina ibonelela ngesifundo sencwadi malunga neengozi zokubulalana kwemithetho nobulungisa. Kwaye ayingobantu basePalestina kuphela abachaphazelekayo. Ukukhanyela ubulungisa kukukhanyela ubuntu, uhlobo lokubulala umphefumlo. Kukho izinto ezimbi ngakumbi kunokufa. Buza nabani na eGaza, apho bonke abantu mihla le bephantsi kokubulawa kohlanga kwiplani yezavenge.
Ezi zenzo ezikhohlakeleyo zinokuthi zenzeke kwaye zenziwe, ngenxa yokuba ukubulawa kweSabra kunye noShatila (phakathi kwezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho) kwenziwa, kwaye ubulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe, okanye ubuncinane ithemba lalo, lachithwa. Ngenxa yoko, asikokubaxa ukuba imbubhiso yaseSabra neShatila ayizange iphele kwiminyaka engama-26 eyadlulayo namhlanje. Isaqhubeka, kwaye sonke siyaphendula.
ULaurie King, umseki we-Electronic Intifada, wayenguMququzeleli waseMntla waseMelika wePhulo loBulungisa kumaxhoba eSabra kunye noShatila (http://indictsharon.net) ukusuka ku-2001 ukuya ku-2003. Ngoku ungumhleli olawulayo Ijenali yeZifundo zasePalestine eWashington, DC.
Endnotes
[1] Ityala lafakwa eBelgium ngomhla we-18 kuJuni ka-2001 ngabasindileyo be-23 kwi-1982 ye-Sabra kunye nokubulawa kwabantu kuka-Shatila bamangalela u-Ariel Sharon, owayesakuba ngumphathiswa wezokhuselo wase-Israel kunye nenkulumbuso, i-Israel Defence Forces Gens. U-Amos Yaron noRafael Eitan, kunye namanye amaSirayeli kunye neLebhanon, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu okunxulumene nokubulawa kwabantu phakathi kwe-16-18 Septemba 1982 kwiinkampu ezimbini zeembacu eBeirut. Ingxoxo esembindini yeli tyala ixhomekeke ku-Ariel Sharon kunye namanye ama-Israel's Command Responsibility njengeGeneral kunye namagosa aphezulu oMkhosi woKhuselo wase-Israel, awayelawula ngokupheleleyo e-Beirut xa ukubulawa kwabantu kwakusenzeka kwiinkampu zeembacu zaseSabra naseShatila. Nangona ukubulawa kwabantu phakathi kwe-1,000-2,000 yabemi baseLebhanon nabasePalestine abangaxhomekanga kwaqhutywa ngamajoni aseLebhanon ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kunye ne-Israel-allied Christian Lebhanon Forces (iPhalange), umthetho, umkhosi, kunye noxanduva lokuthatha izigqibo malunga nokubulawa kwabantu. Ekugqibeleni uphumle no-Ariel Sharon phantsi kwemigaqo emiselweyo nevunyiweyo yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi iNgqungquthela yesine yaseGeneva.
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