Tsibela kumatshini wakho wexesha kwaye undivumele ndikubuyisele kwenye iminyaka.
Yiyo Ngamana 2001 kwaye i Ngenyanga yeAlantiki isanda kufika ngeposi. Ndichukunyiswe linqaku elingaphandle. Eli phephancwadi livakalisa oku: “IRashiya iphelile. Umbhalo ongezantsi awunamagama athi: "Ukuhla okungenakuthintelwa kwintlekele yoluntu kunye nokungabalulekanga kobuchule." Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ilizwe endandikhathazeke kakhulu ngalo njengegosa lasemkhosini ebudeni bayo yonke loo minyaka ilusizi yeMfazwe Yomlomo, “uBukhosi Obungendawo” obaziwayo obabusigrogrisa ngokubhangisa, yayiyi-kaput ngokwenene, kwanakwindlela yayo yesiRashiya kuneyobuSoviet. ?
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu kamva, umyalezo weli nqaku ubonakala ungaphambi kwexesha. I-Russia yanamhlanje ngokuqinisekileyo ineengxaki zayo - ukusuka kwintlupheko ukuya kungcoliseko ukuya kubuhenyukazi ukuya kuqoqosho lwepetroli ethe kratya - kodwa kwinqanaba lehlabathi le-geopolitical "ayisagqitywa". IRashiya kaVladimir Putin isandula ukunandipha impembelelo eyongezelelekileyo, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yegunya elahluleleneyo neliphikisanayo ngoku ngokwalo elibonakala “likwinzala engenakuthintelwa.”
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu emva kokuba iRashiya yachazwa njengento engabalulekanga, intlekele, Finito, iphinde ibe yi-colossus - ubuncinci kwindawo yezopolitiko yaseMelika, ukuba akukho ndawo. Kwaye oko kufanele ukuba kukuphazamise ngaphantsi koku: ngaphezu kwesizukulwana emva kokoyisa i-Soviet Union kwiMfazwe Yomlomo, i-United States ka-2017 ibonakala isenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukuxelisa eyona miba mibi kakhulu yotshaba lwayo lwangaphambili kunye nolwakhe lwaba yimbangi. amandla amakhulu.
Ewe, i-US inengxaki yeSoviet, kwaye andibhekiseli kwizityholo zexesha eWashington: ukuba iphulo likaTrump kunye namagosa aseRashiya ahlangene, ukuba imali isenokuba yagaleleka kwelo phulo nge-oligarchs yaseRashiya ebotshelelwe kuPutin, ukuba amaRashiya ziqhekeke unyulo US ukunceda uDonald Trump, ukuba abo basondeleyo umongameli-onyuliweyo waphupha ukuseka a ijelo lasemva eliyimfihlo eMoscow kwaye wacebisa unozakuzaku waseRashiya ukuba yenziwe nge Uzakuzo waseRashiya, okanye nokuba uPutin une ukubamba ngokwenene ngolunye uhlobo kuDonald Trump. Konke oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuvelisa ingqalelo enkulu, kunye nomsindo, kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo naphakathi kweeklasi zokuncokola, okukhokelela abanye ukuba bathethe nge entsha "uloyiko olubomvu" eMelika. Yonke le nto iyaphandwa, nokuba ziikomiti zobuntlola zeCongress okanye ngumlawuli owayesakuba ngumlawuli we-FBI - ngoku ungumcebisi okhethekileyo - URobert Mueller.
Xa kuziwa kule nto ndithetha ngayo, nangona kunjalo, awudingi komiti okanye umcebisi okanye ijelo elingasemva okanye umntu ovuzayo ovela kwiarhente yobukrelekrele ukuyikhupha. Nokuba yintoni na amagosa ephulo likaTrump, ii-oligarchs zaseRussia, okanye uVladimir Putin ngokwakhe ayenzileyo okanye engayenzanga, ingxaki yaseSoviet yaseMelika isijikelezile: inguqulelo erhubuluzayo (kunye neyothusayo) yolawulo-melo ekufuneka ibonwe nguye nabani na owayephila kwiminyaka yeMfazwe ebandayo. Ibandakanya ukukhukuliseka kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi; amagunya ahlala esanda asetyenziswa ngurhulumente wokhuseleko lwesizwe osebenza njenge urhulumente wesithunzi kwaye ichazwe ngu ukulwa, ukucupha, ukufihla, entolongweni, kunye nezinye izakhiwo zolawulo kunye nolawulo; ehlala ebanzi ikhefu phakathi kwezityebi ezimbalwa namahlwempu amaninzi; yaye, kambe ke, ziya zisanda ngakumbi izixhobo, kunye neemfazwe ezingakumbi.
Luloyiko olubomvu ngenene, Melika, kwaye kulapha kanye kwilizwe lesizwe.
NgoFebruwari, ukuba uyakhumbula - kwaye unikwe unogumbe weendaba, iindaba zesiqingatha, i-rumor, kunye ne-innuendo, ngubani onokukhumbula nantoni na kule mihla? - UDonald Trump ngenkumbulo wathelekisa i-US neRussia. Xa uBill O'Reilly wabiza uVladimir Putin "ngumbulali" kudliwanondlebe nomongameli omtsha, waphendula ukuba kukho. umahluko omncinci phakathi kwethu nabo, kuba-njengoko wayibekayo-nathi sinababulali bethu, kwaye babengengobantu bamsulwa ncam phesheya xa kufikwa kwimicimbi yehlabathi. (“Baninzi ababulali. Ucinga ukuba ilizwe lethu limsulwa kangaka?”) Umongameli uthethe izinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga kwiinyanga zakhe zokuqala e-ofisini, kodwa apha kukho into awayeyenza.
Inkcazo yam eyimfihlo ngeSoviet Union
Xa ndandingu-lieutenant oselula kuMkhosi Womoya, ngowe-1986 ndikhumbula kakuhle, ndaya kwintlanganiso eyimfihlo eyayithetha ngeSoviet Union. URonald Reagan wayengumongameli, yaye sasingazi ukuba sasiphila kwiminyaka ephelayo yeMfazwe Yomlomo. Emva phayaa, ndikholelwa ekubeni ndifanele ndilwazi utshaba lwam, ndandifunda kakhulu ngeSoviet “kwimithombo evulekileyo”; uyazi, iincwadi, iimagazini kunye namaphephandaba. Inkcazo “eyimfihlo” endiye kuyo yaveza okuncinci into entsha kum. (Ulwazi oluhleliweyo luhlala lugqithiswa.) Ngokuqinisekileyo andizange ndive uqikelelo olucacileyo lokuwa kweSoviet kwiminyaka emihlanu (nangona iSoviet Union yayiza kungena ngo-1991). Phantse wonke umntu ngelo xesha, ii-briefers zazicinga ukuba i-USSR yayiza kuba lutshaba lwethu olukhulu kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kwaye ayizange ithi uDonga lwaseBerlin yayiyindawo esisigxina kwiYurophu eyahluleleneyo, uphawu lwanaphakade lwengcinezelo yobuKomanisi engenalusini.
Sasingazi ukuba, kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umkhosi waseSoviet wawuya kuma ecaleni njengoko amaJamani aseMpuma ayeludiliza olo donga. Kwaye ngubani owayeza kukholelwa ukuba umntu unokonyulwa njengomongameli wase-United States kwisizukulwana kamva ngesithembiso isakhiwo "udonga olukhulu, olutyebileyo, oluhle" kumda wethu ekwabelwana ngawo neMexico?
Andizange ndivunyelwe ukuba ndithathe amanqaku ngexesha laloo ngcaciso, kodwa ndikhumbula ingcamango endandishiywe nayo: yokuba i-USSR yayinegunya elinzulu, ilizwe elibi lokuhlola elinoqoqosho oluxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo zehlabathi; ukuba yayinenjongo kulawulo lwenyukliya; ukuba yayiyi-impiriyali kunye nokwandisa; ukuba yayitshutshisa abagxeki bayo nabayichasayo; nokuba yayineengxaki ezinzulu zangaphakathi ezicinezelwe ngononophelo kunobangela wolawulo lwehlabathi, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala neziyobisi, ukhathalelo lwempilo olubi kunye nokuncipha kokuphila ixesha elide (ngokukodwa kumadoda), indawo enetyhefu, kunye nenkqubo yentolongo ebanzi ene-gulags. Yonke le nto yenziwa mandundu ngenxa yezilonda ezidlamkileyo phesheya kweelwandle, ngakumbi imfazwe enexabiso eliphezulu nefileyo e-Afghanistan kunye namazwe abaxhasiweyo afunxa izixhobo zawo (cinga: eCuba) ngelixa enikezela ngembuyekezo encinci.
Olu luhlu lweengxaki zeSoviet, i-vintage 1986, kufuneka ibe nomsesane oqhelekileyo kuwo, kuba ivakala ngokungaqhelekanga njengenkcazo yento engalunganga ne-United States namhlanje.
Kwimeko apho ucinga ukuba yingxelo engaphezulu-phezulu, masithathe olu luhlu kwingcaciso - amanqaku asibhozo ewonke - into enye ngexesha.
1. Igunya, ilizwe lokucupha: Ixesha lokugqibela iNkongolo yase-US ibhengeza imfazwe ngokusesikweni ngo-1941. Ukususela ngoko, oomongameli baseMerika baye baqalisa iimfazwe zamazwe angaphandle kunye nokungenelela rhoqo ngolongamelo oluncinane lweNkongolo. Amandla ayaqhubeka ekhula kwaye adibanise kwi isebe elilawulayo, ukomeleza i Ubongameli yandiswe bubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo bokucupha, okwandiswa kakhulu emva kohlaselo lwabanqolobi lwe-9/11. Ewe, iMelika ngoku inalo Ii-arhente zobuntlola ezili-17 kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka oludityanisiweyo lwe-80 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, amaMerika anjalo kujongwe kunanini na ngaphambili, kutyholwa kukhuseleko lwethu nokuba inkqubo enjalo izalana ululamo kwaye ivala ukungavisisani.
2. Uqoqosho oluxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo zehlabathi: I-US qhubeka ukuba lawula urhwebo lwezixhobo zehlabathi ngendlela eyothusayo. Yayingeyompazamo into yokuba eyona nto iphambili kuhambo lukaMongameli Trump lwakutsha nje yayiyi-110 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwisivumelwano sezixhobo kunye neSaudi Arabia. Kuhambo olufanayo, waxelela u-Emir waseQatar ukuba wayeseMbindi Mpuma ukuququzelela “ukuthengwa kwezinto ezininzi entle izixhobo zomkhosi.” Ngoku kunanini na ngaphambili, izixhobo ezintle ezenziwe e-USA zingumqhubi obalulekileyo wokukhula koqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nolwelizwe. umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle.
3. Ukugobela kulawulo lwenyukliya: Ukuqhubeka Nkqubo kaMongameli u-Obama, ulawulo lukaTrump lubona umbono wophuculo olukhulu lwezixhobo zenyukliya zaseMelika, ukuya kutsho kubuncinci. iitriliyoni zeerandi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Ngokufana nenkulumbuso yakudala yaseSoviet, uTrump wenze njalo qhayiya ukuba iMelika iya kuhlala ihleli "phezulu kwipakethe" xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zenyukliya.
4. Impiriyali kunye nokwandisa: Ababhali-mbali bathetha ngobukumkani baseMelika “obungekho sikweni”, apho bathetha ukuba i-US ingaphantsi kwezandla kunamandla obukhosi angaphambili njengamaRoma kunye namaBritane. Kodwa akukho nto ingekho sikweni okanye izandla-off malunga neMelika Iziseko zomkhosi zaphesheya ezingama-800 okanye into yokuba imikhosi yayo yoMsebenzi oKhethekileyo imiselwe 130 okanye ngaphezulu amazwe ngonyaka. Xa umkhosi US u thethayo ukufikelela kwihlabathi jikelele, amandla ehlabathi, kunye nokulawula okugcweleyo, le yi-impiriyalizim yemveli egqunywe ngamabinzana abambekayo. Xa sibekwe ngokwahlukileyo, i-impiriyali yeSoviet, leyo iinkokeli zaseMelika zazisoloko zisithi ziyoyika, azizange zifikelele kolu hlobo.
5. Utshutshisa abagxeki kunye nabaphikisayo: Nokuba sele ukusetyenziswa woMthetho wePatrioti phantsi kobongameli bukaGeorge W. Bush, i Ntshutshiso I-Whistleblowers abasebenzisa i-World War I-era Espionage Act phantsi kolawulo luka-Obama, okanye ukubhengezwa kweendaba ngolawulo olutsha lukaTrump, i-US iphantsi kakhulu ukunyamezela ukuchasana namhlanje kunokuba yayinjalo ngaphambi kokuwa kweSoviet. NjengoNobhala woKhuseleko lweLizwe kunye neenkwenkwezi ezine ezithatha umhlala-phantsi uGenerali weMarine uJohn Kelly kutshanje, ethetha ngamabali eendaba malunga nolawulo lukaTrump olusekwe kwimithombo yolwazi engaziwayo, ukuvuza okunjalo “basondele kubungcatshi.” Yongeza kwimeko enjalo uhlaselo lukaTrump kumajelo eendaba njenge “lutshaba” yabantu kunye namabali agxekayo njenge “olungeyonyani” kwaye unemeko-bume elungele ukucinezelwa kwexesha elizayo lokungavisisani.
KwiSoviet Union, abachasi bezobupolitika babedla ngokusongelwa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni okanye okubi ngakumbi, yaye ezo zoyikiso zazisoloko zinyanzeliswa ngamadoda anxibe iimpahla zasemkhosini okanye ezamapolisa. Kuloo meko, masingalibali “Mtshixe!” iingoma ezikhokelwa nguLt. General Michael Flynn odla umhlala-phantsi kwiNkomfa yeSizwe yeRiphabhlikhi kwaye ezijoliswe kumchasi kaDonald Trump wezopolitiko welo xesha, uHillary Clinton.
6. Iingxaki zangaphakathi ezifana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukhathalelo lwempilo olungonelanga, kunye nendawo enetyhefu: Utywala busekho eRashiya kwaye umonakalo wokusingqongileyo uxhaphake, kodwa qwalasela i-US namhlanje. Ingxaki ye-opioid ibulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-30,000 ngonyaka. Ityhefu yelothe kwiindawo ezifana Flint, eMichigan, yaye New Orleans kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwabaselula. Ukulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimisebenzi ye-fracking kuvelisa iinyikima Ohio kwaye Oklahoma. Nangona iingozi zokusingqongileyo zisanda, ulawulo lukaTrump ukuqubha i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo. Njengoko iingxaki zempilo zikhula ngakumbi, ulawulo lukaTrump, oluxhaswa yiNkongolo ekhokelwa yiRiphabhlikhi, luzama ukunciphisa ukhuseleko lwezempilo kunye nezibonelelo, kunye nenkxaso-mali enokuthi. khusela abantu baseMelika kwiintsholongwane ezibulalayo. Ngokuphazamisayo, njengakwiSoviet Union ngexesha lokuwa kwayo, izinto ozilindile emhlabane phakathi kwamadoda amhlophe ayancipha, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, ukuzibulala nezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuphelelwa lithemba.
7. Iinkqubo zentolongo ezibanzi: Njengepesenti yabemi bayo, akukho lizwe ivalela abantu bayo abaninzi kuneUnited States. Ngelixa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezibini zabemi balapho betsala nzima ezintolongweni, abantu baseMelika basaqhubeka nokubona ilizwe labo njengesibane senkululeko, bengayinanzi iGuantánamo Bay, eCuba. Ukongeza, ngoku ilizwe linomongameli othe kholelwa ekuthuthunjisweni, obize ukubulawa kweentsapho zabanqolobi, kwaye ngubani ofuna ukugcwalisa iGuantánamo ngamabanjwa. Ikwanalo negqwetha jikelele elifunayo enza izigwebo zokuvalelwa entolongweni kubaphuli-mthetho beziyobisi abakwinqanaba elisezantsi ziba ngqongqo ngakumbi.
8. Iimfazwe ezingapheliyo: Kufuneka unikezele kwiSoviets. Baye babonisa ubuncinane a ijika lokufunda kwimfazwe yabo eyintlekele e-Afghanistan kwaye ke uMkhosi oBomvu ekugqibeleni walishiya elo lizwe ngo-1989 emva kweshumi leminyaka yokwenzakala okukhulu kunye nonxunguphalo (nokuba imikhosi yayo ibuyele kumhlaba okwicala le-implosion). Imikhosi yase-US, kwelinye icala, ibise-Afghanistan iminyaka eli-16, kunye neTaliban ikhula ngamandla, kodwa impendulo yomkhosi wayo iphinde yaba kukubiza ukutyala imali eninzi kunye nokuthumela imikhosi eyongezelelweyo ukubuyisela umva "ukuxhamla" Pha. Ngeli xesha, emva kweminyaka eyi-14, iMfazwe yase-Iraq i-3.0 iyakhula, izisa intshabalalo kwiindawo ezinje. Mosul, njengokuba kunjalo iziphumo eziphazamisayo baqhubeke nokuzibonakalisa eSyria kwaye ngenene kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma. Nangona okanye kunoko ngenxa yezi iziphumo ezibi, Iinkokeli zase-US ziyaqhubeka nokuthumela ngaphezulu kwemikhosi ye-US Special Operations, igalelo ukudinwa kunye namazinga aphezulu okuzibulala kwiirenki.
Ekukhanyeni kwezi ngongoma zisibhozo, loo Beatles elula ayaham- kunye nentsalela yeMfazwe Yomlomo, “Emuva kwiUSSR,” ithatha intsingiselo entsha, nembi ngakumbi.
Wumnqwazi Mawenziwe?
Kancinci, kubonakala ngathi akunakuthintelwa, i-US iya ifana neSoviet Union yangaphambili. Ukuqala nje uluhlu lwezinto ezifanayo: izibonelelo ezininzi kakhulu zinikezelwa emkhosini kunye nelizwe lokhuseleko lwelizwe; iinjengele ezininzi ezihonjiswe ngokugqithisileyo zinikwa igunya elikhulu kurhulumente; iimfazwe ezophayo nezilonda zezilonda ziyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokupheliswa eAfghanistan, eIraq nakwezinye iindawo; iziseko (iindlela, iibhulorho, imibhobho, amadama, njalo njalo) iyaqhubeka nokuwohloka; “iiriphabliki” ezingaphumliyo krokra malunga nokwahlukana nomanyano (Calexit!); Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okuxhaphakileyo kunye nokuncipha kwexesha lokuphila ngoku ziinyani zobomi baseMelika. Ngeli xesha, umongameli wamva nje wase-US, enomsindo, unegunya, njengoko "iinkonzo" zikarhulumente zithatha ngokunyukayo. nepotistic incasa phezulu.
Ndinexhala, qabane! Ukuvakalisa isikhalo sikaLenin omkhulu, yintoni eza kwenziwa? Ukunikezelwa koludwe lweempawu, nantsi indlela ecacileyo enamanyathelo ali-10 e-de-sovietization of America:
1. Ukunciphisa inkcitho "yokukhusela" nge-10% ngonyaka kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Ngomoya weSoviet, cinga njengesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu sokubuyisela i-revolution yethu (njenge-American Revolution), eyathi, emva kwayo yonke into, ijoliswe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yobukhosi eyenziwa yinkosi "enkulu".
2. Sika inani leenjengele kunye nee-admirals emkhosini ngesiqingatha, kwaye ulahle zonke iiribhoni ezingenantsingiselo, iibheji kunye neembasa abazinxibayo. Ngamanye amazwi, musa ukunqumla nje kumyalelo ophakamileyo kodwa ekuthandeni kwabo ukujonga (kunye nokwandisa ukwenza) njengeenjengele zaseSoviet zamandulo. Kwaye ungabavumeli ukuba basebenze kwizikhundla eziphezulu zikarhulumente de babe sele bethathe umhlala-phantsi ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10.
3. Khupha umkhosi wethu e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, nakwamanye amazwe adlakazwe yimfazwe kuMbindi Mpuma oMkhulu naseAfrika. Nciphisa loo mkhondo wobukhosi phesheya kolwandle ngokuvala iziseko zomkhosi ezibiza imali eninzi.
4. Sebenza ukuphelisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwihlabathi jikelele ngokuthi, njengenyathelo lokuqala, ukusika izixhobo enkulu I-arsenal yase-US kwisiqingatha kunye nokulibala malunga naloo nkqubo ye-trillion-dollar "modernization". Ukuphelisa ii-ICBMs ezisekwe emhlabeni kuqala; azisafuneki kuzo naziphi na iinjongo ezinentsingiselo zokuthintela.
5. Thatha imali egcinwe kwi-“modernizing” nukes kwaye uyityale ekuhlaziyeni iziseko zophuhliso zaseMelika.
6. Nciphisa iliso likarhulumente. Inkululeko ifuna ubumfihlo ukuze ichume. Njengesizwe, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukhuseleko ayisiyo isiseko sedemokhrasi - nguMgaqo-siseko wase-US.
7. Sebenzela ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngokunciphisa ukwenziwa kolwaphulo-mthetho. Shiya ingqondo yemfazwe ngasemva, kubandakanywa "imfazwe yeziyobisi," kwaye endaweni yoko ugxininise ekuboneleleni ngeenkqubo zonyango ezingcono zamakhoboka. Zibekele usukelo lokunciphisa inani labantu basentolongweni eMerika kwisiqingatha kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.
8. Ubomi obulindelekileyo buya kwanda ngokhathalelo lwempilo olungcono. Ukubonelela ngokhathalelo lwempilo kubo bonke abasebenzisa inkqubo yombhatali omnye. Wonke umntu waseMelika kufuneka abe nokhuselo olufanayo njengelungu leCongress. Abantu akufanelekanga ukuba babandezeleke kwaye bafe ngenxa yokuba abanayo imali yokubona ugqirha okanye ukuhlawula amayeza abo.
9. Akukho nto ibaluleke ngakumbi “kukhuseleko lwesizwe” kunomoya ococekileyo namanzi. Bubudenge ukubeka emngciphekweni ukutyhefa kwendalo egameni lemveliso yezoqoqosho okanye ukwakha umkhosi. Ukuba uyathandabuza oku, buza abemi baseRashiya kunye neeRiphabhulikhi zangaphambili zeSoviet, abasazamana nokuwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo eyityhefu yemekobume yeentsuku zeSoviet.
10. ICongress kufuneka ibonise igunya layo lomgaqo-siseko kwimfazwe kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwaye iqalise ukwenza "itshekhi kunye nokulinganisela" ekumele ibe njalo xa kuziwa kumandla olawulo.
Nantso ke unayo. La manyathelo ali-10 kufuneka ahambe ngandlela thile ekusombululeni eyona ngxaki yaseRashiya yase-US—iSoviet. Awunakundijoyina, qabane?
UWilliam J. Astore, u-lieutenant colonel odla umhlala phantsi (USAF) kunye noprofesa wembali, TomDispatch njalo. Ibhlog yakhe yobuqu Bracing Views.
Eli nqaku lavela okokuqala kwi-TomDispatch.com, iblogi yeSizwe yeZiko, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, iindaba, kunye noluvo oluvela kuTom Engelhardt, umhleli wexesha elide ekupapasheni, umseki weProjekthi yoBukhosi baseMelika, umbhali we Ukuphela kweNkcubeko yokuNqoba, njengenoveli, Iintsuku Zokugqibela Zopapasho. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje ngu Urhulumente we-Shadow: Uqwalaselo, iMikhosi eyimfihlo, kunye ne-State Security State kwilizwe eliMandla oLodwa (Iincwadi zeHaymarket).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela