Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukusuka ngoku, ngexesha isikhumbuzo sokuqala sokubhubha kweWorld Trade Center towers sijikeleza, iUnited States inokuba sele ibandakanyeka kwenye imfazwe. Loo mfazwe ayisayi kuba nanto yakwenza nomsindo owenziwe ngoSeptemba 11 kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Iya kuba mdaka ngakumbi kwaye ibulale ngakumbi kunemfazwe yase-Afghanistan, kwaye ayizukuvuswa.
I-rhetoric evela emva kwexesha kwi-White House eWashington kunye neofisi yesebe e-10 Downing Street eLondon icebisa ukuba uhlaselo lwase-Iraq alunakuphepheka. Kwanesingxengxezo esisiqhwala esiya kubhengezwa njengokugwetyelwa siyaziwa kwangaphambili. Ephuma kwimfazwe yakhe yezozakuzo, usekela-mongameli wase-US uDick Cheney kule nyanga uza kufuna inkxaso kuMbindi Mpuma ngobundlobongela besizwe sakhe. Kwinyanga ezayo uTony Blair uza kuphinda athabathe olunye uhambo lokuqubuda, aza kwaziswa nguGeorge W. Bush ngezicwangciso zePentagon.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, esinye sezizathu zokuba isahluko sase-Iraqi sento ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yokulwa nobugrogrisi singakwazi ukuqala ngaphambi kukaSeptemba kukuba ii-stockpiles ezibalulekileyo ze-1000-pound "iibhombu ezikrelekrele" ziye zacinywa ngenxa yemfazwe yase-Afghan kwaye ayinakuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ifakwe. ngaphambi koko.
Oku kuthetha ukuba izityalo ze-munitions zase-US ziya kusebenza ixesha elide ukuvelisa izixhobo zokutshabalalisa, ukuze uSaddam Hussein agwetywe ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokufuna ukwenza okufanayo. Oko kuya kwenza umxholo ofanelekileyo wethiyetha ongekho ngqiqweni. Njengoko bekuya kuba njalo into yokuba iLizwe lamaQhinga nalo alifuni kuveza imikhosi yalo kubushushu behlobo laseArabia - i-Iraq iya, ngamanye amazwi, ishushu kakhulu ukuba ingaphatha ngaphambi kokwindla. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Afghanistan, apho kude kube kutshanje i-US ibithe cwaka malunga nokwenza amajoni emhlabeni, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200,000 yamajoni anokuthi athathe inxaxheba kugqatso olusingise eBaghdad.
Kwaye wenze ntoni uSaddam mvanje ukuze afanelwe yimpatho ekhethekileyo ngolo hlobo? Ewe, sixelelwa ukuba ebeyinkwenkwe ekhohlakeleyo: ebedlala ngezinto zokudlala eziyingozi kwakhona. Ngaba akaqondi ukuba nguMalume uSam kunye nabahlobo bakhe kuphela abavumeleke inyhweba yokuphatha izixhobo zenyukliya nezemichiza? Kutheni, ii-chums zakhe ze-backroom ziye zaguqula iilori zibe ziziqhubi ezijulwayo. Bamele bavuzwe ngobukrelekrele babo ngokuvuthelwa bubukumkani bufike.
Ngaba bukho nabuphi na ubungqina, obungenakuphikiswa okanye obunye, bokuba i-Iraq isemngciphekweni wokufumana iteknoloji yenyukliya, okanye izenzele izitokhwe zeekhemikhali okanye zebhayoloji? Ewe, sinelizwi lika-Emperor George kunye nabaphathi bakhe abakhulu. Akwanelanga oko?
Eneneni, hayi, akunjalo. Ikakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, kunzima ukucinezela intsini ezithobayo ngalo lonke ixesha igama elithi โBushโ kunye negama elithi โubulumkoโ livela kwisivakalisi esinye; Ngaphandle koko, izakhono zokuqokelela ulwazi lwee-arhente eziyimfihlo zase-US zigutyungelwe kukuthandabuza okukhulu ukusukela oko u-Mohammed Atta kunye nabo bababamba bengazi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye imiba eyahlukeneyo yemfazwe e-Afghanistan iye yomeleza loo nto.
Okwesibini, kufanele ukuba ngoku icace kubo bonke kodwa oyena mntu uyimfama wabavoti bakaMalume uSam ukuba iWashington ityekele ekubeni noqoqosho olugqithisileyo ngenyaniso. Kwaye yayingeyiyo ingqumbo ye-11 kaSeptemba eyatshisa ibhulukhwe yayo.
Ngaba kulandela ukuba iSaddam yiparagon yokulunga kwama-Arabhu ofanelwe ngokungenamiqathango ukuba akhuselwe kwimikhosi eyothusayo ye-impiriyali? Akunjalongo noko. Unguzwilakhe okhohlakeleyo onoxanduva lwenkohlakalo engachazekiyo, hayi ngokuchasene nama-Iraqis. Ngaba ukushenxiswa kwakhe egunyeni bekungayi kuba licebo elilungileyo na? Ngokuqinisekileyo bekuya kuba njalo-kodwa ngomyalelo kabani kwaye ngaziphi iindlela?
Ngokhuselo (ukuba i-euphemism kufuneka ilawulwe ngokukodwa engasebenziyo kwimeko yaseMelika) uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulingana neepesenti ezingama-40 zenkcitho yasemkhosini yehlabathi, i-US inokuba ngusomandla, kodwa ayingoThixo. (Ezo isenokuba ziindaba kuBlair nogxa wakhe waseOstreliya, uJohn Howard, kodwa akufuneki isothuse sonke.) Kude kube kusekwa iforum yedemokhrasi yezizwe ngezizwe, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kuphela kwequmrhu elinalo naliphi na. ilungelo lokuwisa isigwebo kwabo batenxileyo. Ngaba isininzi esicacileyo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukwenza isigqibo sokuba uzwilakhe othile kufuneka agxothwe, ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokusebenzisa amandla, umkhosi omileyo we-UN kufuneka ube khona ukuze uqhube eso sigqibo.
I-US iya kuba yindawo engamkelekanga phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, kodwa injalo ngakumbi phantsi kolawulo olungakhethwanga, olunoburhalarhume kunye nolunyanzelo lwasekunene.
Nangona iMfazwe yeGulf yowe-1991 nayo yayiliphulo lase-US, ubuncinane yafumana isohlwayo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Akulindelekanga kakhulu ukuba naluphi na uqweqwe olunjalo luya kufumaneka kumdlalo kwakhona.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye eyadlulayo, ngaphandle koluhlu olude lwezityholo atyholwa ngazo, uzwilakhe waseTakriti wavunyelwa ukuba ahlale ephethe ilizwe, ngokutsho kwe-hype, laqhushumba libuyela kwi-Stone Age ngenxa yokuba utata kaDubya wayenexhala malunga nokumila. i-post-Saddam Iraq inokucinga. Ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kubakho zicombululo ezinjalo ngeli xesha, nangona i-US isenombono omncinci weziphumo zexesha elide.
I-Iraq yi-65 pesenti yamaShia - kwaye, akumangalisi ukuba, amaShia ase-Iraq anandipha uvelwano lwase-Iran. Ke ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba imeko yasemva kweSaddam ibandakanye idemokhrasi esulungekileyo, kuba i-Iran, nayo, ililungu eliseka uBush "umgca wobubi".
Ke kukho iTurkey-ilungu leNato elityekele kubudlelwane obupholileyo hayi nje ne-US kodwa kunye no-Israyeli, kodwa uzimisele ukwala amalungelo edemokhrasi kwigcuntswana layo lamaKurd. Kuyakuthiya ukubona iiKurds zase-Iraq, ebezixhamla inqanaba lokuzimela phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-UN, zinikwa nawaphi na amalungelo akhethekileyo, kungasathethwa ke ngemeko yazo.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukunyanzelwa kweTurkey kumaKurds kunqabile, ukuba kunjalo, kubangele ingqumbo kaMalume Sam. Ukusetyenziswa kukaSaddam kwezixhobo zekhemikhali ngokuchasene namaKurds ase-Iraqi, kwelinye icala, kulinganiswe ukukhankanywa kwintetho ehlekisayo "ye-axis yobubi". UBush akazange, nangona kunjalo, akhankanye ukuba ulawulo lukayise luqhubekile nokuxhasa kunye nokuxhobisa uSaddam nasemva kobungqina obubambekayo bezenzo zenkohlakalo eHalabja. Waye, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, wayekwimfazwe engahlawulelwayo ne-Iran.
Ukuba urhulumente weSaddam ngenene usabandakanyeka ekwenzeni izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezekhemikhali, ingacebisa ukuba izohlwayo ezamiselwa emva kwemfazwe yeGulf ziye zasilela ngokupheleleyo - ngaphandle kokuxabisa amakhulu amawaka obomi, ngakumbi abo babantwana, ixabiso elifanele ukuhlawulwa kwi-Gulf War. amazwi kaMadeleine Albright.
Kukholelwa ukuba xa uhlaziyo lwezohlwayo lufika phambi kwe-UN ngoMeyi, i-Iraq iya kufakwa ibheji ukuvumela abahloli bezixhobo bafikelele kuzo zonke iindawo ezikrokrelekayo zezixhobo. Ukuba iBaghdad ayivumelani nelona gatya leshumi, iya kusongelwa ngemfazwe. I-Iraq, ebisenza iingxoxo ne-UN ngexesha lokubhala, ithe iza kusebenzisana nabahloli, ngaphandle kokuba bebengezontlola zaseMelika. Lo ayingomkhweli wangaphandle: kukho ubungqina obuninzi obuzimeleyo bokuba ulawulo lohlolo lwezixhobo lwangaphambili lubandakanye imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga yi-UN.
Ingxaki kukuba ngeli xesha i-US ayikho, njengoko igosa lolawulo liyibeka ngokungaziwa, 'ilungele ukuthatha ewe ukuze iphendule'. Nokuba iBaghdad ivuma ntoni na, ayisoze yanele.
Ihlabathi alizange libone ubukhosi obunamandla kune-US ukususela kumaRoma. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo lo ngowona mphumo ubalulekileyo wokuwa kweSoviet Union. Namhlanje kukho iziseko zaseMelika kungekuphela nje ePakistan nase-Afghanistan, kodwa e-Uzbekistan, eTajikistan naseKyrgyzstan ngokunjalo-ebeyingenakucingelwa nje kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo.
Obu bukhosi buzinikele kuphela ekuqinisekiseni ukongama komkhosi kunye noqoqosho lwase-US. Ayikhathali nokuba yi-Iraqis, Afghans okanye Pakistanis. Izimisele, nanini na xa kubonwa kuyimfuneko, ukwaphula imithetho-siseko yayo - umrhumo wamva nje wama-30 eepesenti ekurhwebeni kwentsimbi ngaphandle ngokucacileyo awuhambelani nesinyanzeliso sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa oko akukhathazi ngokungafanelekanga uBush, uCheney noDonald Rumsfeld.
Ingxaki ayikokuba akukho mntu uzimiseleyo ukuxelela i-US ukuba iwuzoba phi na umgca, kodwa ukuba nanini na umntu ethatha isibindi sokwenza njalo, i-US ithatha uyolo olukhohlakeleyo ngokungasihoyi isilumkiso.
Iphulo laseAfghanistan ngeendlela ezininzi libe yintlekele; ulawulo lwexeshana nangona kunjalo, ilizwe lisebugxwayibeni.I-Iraq iya kuba mbi kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki nokuba i-US ikwazi ukuzalisekisa injongo yayo yokufumana ulawulo, ubuncinane nge-proxy, yemithombo ye-petroleum yelizwe.
Amathuba kukuba ubukhosi baseMelika buya kwanda kulo lonke ilizwe ngaphambi kokuba bufumane ukuvela kwabo - njengoko kufuneka ekugqibeleni. Mna nawe sisenokungabikho ukuze sibe ngamangqina ehlabathi apho ukuba ngumMelika kungathethi ukulingana ngaphezu kwakhe wonke umntu, kodwa kuya kwenzeka. Kwaye ke iincwadi zembali ziya kucaphula ikamva le-Iraq njengomzekelo ocacileyo wokugqithisela kobukhosi.
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