Umongameli wase-Afghan u-Ashraf Ghani ubhengeze ukupheliswa komlilo okungenamiqathango kunye neTaliban ukuba ihlale kude kube nguJuni 20. Ukupheliswa komlilo kuza emva kokuba abefundisi bamaSilamsi e-Afghanistan bakhuphe ifatwa-okanye isigwebo senkolo-ngokuchasene neziqhushumbisi zokuzibulala, emva kohlaselo lwangoMvulo. ISIS, yabulala abantu abali-14 ababehlanganisene kwingqungquthela yoxolo yabefundisi eKabul. Oku kuza njenge BBC inika ingxelo yokuba inani leebhombu eziwiswe nguMkhosi woMoya wase-US liye landa kakhulu ukusukela oko uMongameli uTrump wabhengeza isicwangciso sakhe sase-Afghanistan kwaye wazibophelela ngeminye imikhosi kungquzulwano ngo-Agasti ophelileyo; imithetho emitsha yokuzibandakanya yenze ukuba kube lula kwimikhosi yase-US ukwenza uqhankqalazo ngokuchasene neTaliban. Sithetha noKathy Kelly, umnxibelelanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence, iphulo lokuphelisa imfazwe yase-US kunye nezoqoqosho. Wenze iihambo ezininzi e-Afghanistan kwaye usandula kubuya kuhambo kule veki.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Siyawugqiba umboniso wanamhlanje e-Afghanistan, apho uMongameli wase-Afghan u-Ashraf Ghani ebhengeze ukupheliswa okungenamiqathango kunye neTaliban ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 kaJuni. Esi yayisisipho sokuqala sikaMongameli Ghani esingenamiqathango sokuphelisa imfazwe ukususela kunyulo lwakhe ngo-2014. I-US ithe iya kuhlonipha ukupheliswa komlilo ngokuchasene neTaliban.
Siya eChicago, apho sidityaniswe nguKathy Kelly, umnxibelelanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence, iphulo lokuphelisa imfazwe yase-US kunye nezoqoqosho. Uhambe izihlandlo ezininzi e-Afghanistan kwaye usandula kubuya e-Afghanistan kule veki.
Kathy, ukuba unokucacisa ukuba yintoni esanda kwenzeka? Kubaluleke kangakanani oku kuphelisa imfazwe?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, kunzima kakhulu ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wokupheliswa komlilo kunye namaqela amaninzi abavukeli e-Afghanistan namhlanje. Ngokuqinisekileyo iiTaliban zezona zinamandla, kodwa liqela elinye phakathi kwamaqela amaninzi avukelayo athe enze uhlaselo olungagungqiyo unyaka wonke. Kwaye ngoko lixesha elinzima kakhulu.
Kodwa uxolo oluhlala luhleli e-Afghanistan luya kufuna indlela yokujongana nobuhlwempu, nentswela-ngqesho, nokungakwazi kwabantu ukondla iintsapho zabo, kuba, ngokuyinxenye, ngenxa yolo hlobo lokuphelelwa lithemba ukuba abantu bajike bajoyine amaqela omkhosi, amaqela amapolisa, kuba kuphela kwendlela ngamanye amaxesha ukuba banokufumana umvuzo. Kwaye, kakhulu, kabuhlungu kakhulu ngoku, ama-21 kumaphondo angama-34 e-Afghanistan athwaxwe yimbalela. Ngoko iimeko zinzima kakhulu, zinzima kakhulu. Kwaye eKabul, iye yaba yeyona ndawo ikhuselekileyo e-Afghanistan. Ndisandula ukubuya kweso sixeko, kwaye ekutyeleleni kwinkampu yeembacu, ufumana imvakalelo yokudinwa, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokungakwazi kurhulumente wase-Afghan ukuphendula.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoko ke, ISIS bathi banoxanduva lohlaselo lwamva nje lokuzibulala olubulale abefundisi abali-14 kwingqungquthela yoxolo eKabul. Kweneke ntoni? Kwaye ngaba le yintlantsi kaMongameli uGhani?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, ibizwa ngokuba yi-loya jirga, kwaye abantu babehlanganisene ukubhengeza i-fatwa ngokuchasene neziqhushumbisi zokuzibulala. Kwaye emva koko umhlaseli ozibulele wakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi, kwaye kulapho abefundisi babulawayo.
Ndicinga ukuba uAshraf Ghani, mhlawumbi, ngoku uyazi kakhulu ukuba iTaliban ikwazile ukujikeleza izixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo e-Afghanistan kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ithatha izixeko okwethutyana. Kwaye ke unikezela ngokupheliswa komlilo, mhlawumbi, esazi ukuba iingxoxo zinokuba yimfuneko kurhulumente wakhe ukuba aqhubeke. Kodwa kurhulumente wakhe kuqukwa iinkosi ezahlukeneyo zemfazwe kunye noonyana babaphathi bemfazwe. Ke ngoko, lixesha elinzima kakhulu.
Kwakhona, ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi e-Afghanistan bayazi ukuba uMongameli uTrump uchasile esidlangalaleni uthethathethwano kunye neentetho kunye neTaliban. Kwaye uye wabonisa umdla wakhe kwinto eyenzekayo e-Afghanistan phantsi komhlaba, kungekhona malunga nokuhla kwamanzi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, ngexesha lembalela, ukufumana ukufikelela emanzini. Kodwa unomdla kwizimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo nezinye ezixabisekileyoโ
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kathy, ngaphambi kokuba sihambe, bendifuna ukukubuzaโi-BBC ingxelo, ekubeni uTrump wabhengeza icebo elitsha lase-Afghan, wanikela amajoni angakumbi kungquzulwano, โinani leebhombu eziwiswe nguMkhosi Womoya wase-US liye landa ngendlela ephawulekayo. Imithetho emitsha yokuzibandakanya yenze ukuba kube lula kwimikhosi yase-US ukwenza uqhankqalazo ngokuchasene neTaliban. " Wena wabhala, "Umdla kaDonald Trump kwinto eyenzekayo [phantsi] emhlabeni e-Afghanistan igxile ngokukodwa kumandla ase-US wokukhupha ubutyebi bezimbiwa zase-Afghanistan." Kulo mzuzu wokugqibela sinakho, ungathetha ngale miba mibini?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, umntu omnye ovela kwiphondo laseWardak, xa ndandigqibele e-Afghanistan, wathi-xa ndabuza, "Ewe, lunjani usapho lwakho? Le yindawo apho ugwayimbo lunzima kakhulu,โ watsho, โasifumani ndawo yokungcwaba abafi. Kuye kwakho iziqhushumbisi ezininzi.โ Kwaye, uyazi, ndicinga ukuba eyona nto inomdla kaMongameli uTrump ekugcineni imikhosi ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan inento yokwenza nokukwazi ukulawula ukutsalwa kobutyebi phantsi kweentaba zeHindu Kush kwixesha elizayo kunye nokukwazi ukuthumela imiqondiso e-China naseRashiya. ukuba iUnited States isenayo isiseko kwelo lizwe.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Siza kuyishiya apho, kodwa siza kuqhubeka nencoko yethu kunye nawe kwaye siyithumele njenge web kuphela kwi democracynow.org. U-Kathy Kelly, ubuyile e-Afghanistan, umnxibelelanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence, iphulo lokuphelisa imfazwe yase-US kunye nezoqoqosho. Wenze iihambo ezininzi ukuya eAfghanistan.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo Yemfazwe Nezoxolo. Ndingu-Amy Goodman, njengoko sikuzisela iCandelo lesi-2 lokujonga kwethu e-Afghanistan, apho umongameli wase-Afghan, uAshraf Ghani, esandula ukubhengeza ukupheliswa komlilo okungenamiqathango kunye neTaliban ukuya kude kube nge-20 kaJuni. I-US ithe iyakuhlonela ukupheliswa komlilo ngokuchasene neTaliban. Oku kuza njenge BBC is ingxelo, "inani leebhombu eziwiswe yi-US Air Force liye lanyuka kakhulu" ukususela ekubeni uMongameli uTrump wabhengeza isicwangciso sakhe sase-Afghanistan kwaye wenza imikhosi emininzi kwingxabano ngo-Agasti ophelileyo. "Imithetho emitsha yothethathethwano yenze ukuba kube lula kwimikhosi yase-US ukwenza ugwayimbo ngokuchasene neTaliban."
Ke siyaqhubeka nencoko yethu noKathy Kelly, ochongwe kabini kwiBhaso loXolo lweNobel, umnxibelelanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence, iphulo lokuphelisa imfazwe yase-US kunye nezoqoqosho. Wenze iihambo ezininzi e-Afghanistan kwaye usandula kubuya kule veki evela kweli lizwe.
Kathy, oku kuphelisa imfazwe, nangona kude kube nguJuni 20, i-US isithi bayakuyihlonipha loo nto, ithetha ukuthini loo nto? Ngaba kuthetha ukuba i-US ayizukubhomba? Kwaye yintoni umphumo wokuqhushumba kwe-US? Kwaye kuthetha ntoni oku kwicala lika-Ashraf Ghani? Ngaba kuthetha ukuba nge-21 kaJuni ukupheliswa komlilo kuphakanyisiwe?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, iUnited States ithe ayizukubhomba abalweli beTaliban okanye iisayithi zeTaliban. Kodwa kukwakho ubukho beqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-Islamic State e-Afghanistan kwiPhondo laseKhorasan. I-United States yayiza kuqhushumba i-Daesh, okanye ISIS, okanye ezinye iisayithi. Kwaye ke, kunzima ukubona ukuba iTaliban iya kuqinisekiswa njani ukuba ayisayi kuqhunyiswa, kuba kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula phakathi kwawo onke la maqela ahlukeneyo okulwa. Kukho amaqela amaninzi ngoku athathe izixhobo kwaye alwa njengabavukeli kurhulumente wase-Afghan, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha alwa phakathi komnye nomnye. Ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ube nokuphela komlilo onokuthi ubambe. Ndandisandulโ ukufunda ngale ntsasa ukuba kuye kwakho uhlaselo eJalalabad, esisixeko sesibini ngobukhulu eKabulโiqula elikufuphi neKabul, lisingise ngasempuma, kwimida esempuma.
Uyazi, kukho ukudinwa, ukudinwa yimfazwe, okuye kwabonakala kwimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kwiphondo laseHelmand, kwikomkhulu, iLashkar Gah, iqela labantu, kulandela uqhushumbo lokuzibulala, lathatha umlindo wentente, apho abantu abaninzi, kuquka nabasetyhini, bahlanganisana esidlangalaleni ukuze bathi kurhulumente nakwiTaliban, โSifuna uthethathethwano. Sifuna iphele imfazwe.โ Kwaye badana, ngenxa yokuba bengaviwa, nasemva kokuba bewugcinile umlindo wabo. Ke ngoko, ukomeleza intshukumo yabo, iqela lamadoda asePashtun labhengeza ukuba liza kuhamba lisuka kwiphondo laseHelmand lisiya eKabul, oluhambo lweemayile ezingama-400, abaluthathileyo kwinyanga yeRamadan, xa amaSilamsi abukeleyo engathathi manzi. kwaye akukho kutya phakathi kokutshona kwelanga ukuya kutshona kwelanga. Kwaye ke baye kolu hambo lunzima kakhulu, kwaye amanani abo akhulile. Kwaye kuzo zonke izixeko abamisa kuzo, baye baxinana ngabaxhasi. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba, kubaluleke kakhulu, xa befika eGhazni, eyona ndawo iyindawo yesizwe saseHazara, badityaniswa nabantu bolunye uhlanga. I-Hazaras yajoyina abantu basePastun, bebonisa inkxaso yolu hambo. Ke, baya kufika eKabul.
Ngoku, unokuthi, "Ke, uMongameli Ashraf Ghani sele enikezele kwimfuno yabo: Ubhengeze ukupheliswa komlilo." Kodwa kuninzi kuya kuxhomekeka kwinto eyenziwa yi-United States kunye nendlela i-United States enamandla kakhulu, eyona ixhotyiswe kakuhle, iyingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abaphathi bemfazwe e-Afghanistan. Iza kuqhubeka njani iUnited States ngeli xesha? Ngaba baya kuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kangangokuba kufuneka baqhubhise iithagethi kuyo yonke i-Afghanistan? Kwaye baya kuthi, kwisiqinisekiso esithile sekamva, babonise ukuba baya kunceda i-Afghanistan ngembuyekezo yokubandezeleka okubangelwe kwixesha elidlulileyo? I-Afghanistan kufuneka-ukuba noxolo oluhlala luhleli, kuya kufuneka badale imisebenzi kunye neendlela zokuba abantu baphile kwimbalela kwaye bondle iintsapho zabo, kwaye baphucule kakhulu imeko yezoqoqosho.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Sayichukumisa le nto Icandelo 1 kwincoko yethu, uKathy Kelly, kodwa into oyibhalileyo malunga nomdla kaDonald Trump e-Afghanistan phantsi komhlaba, ubutyebi bezimbiwa, chaza kanye ukuba uthetha ukuthini kwaye baqonde ntoni abantu baseAfghanistan malunga noku. Ngaba le nto intsha noMongameli Trump?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, izazinzulu, izazinzulu zokwakheka komhlaba zazi ixesha elide ukuba kunokubakho izixa ezikhulu zeeminerali ezixabiseke kakhulu neziya zithandeka ngakumbi phantsi kweentaba zeHindu Kush, ngokusisiseko. Okanye, umzekelo, ngaphandle kweKabul, kukho umgodi omkhulu wobhedu, ibala lobhedu iMes Aynak, kwaye khange kubekho nkqubela-phambili ekutsaleni ezi zimbiwa. Ngandlela thile, oko kufanele kube sisiqabu esikhulu, umzekelo, kubantu abahlala eKabul, kuba ukuba baqala ukukhupha iiminerali kuloo ntsimi yobhedu, iya kuthi ihlise ngakumbi itafile yamanzi. Kwaye sele ibe yimeko enqwenelayo eKabul ukufumana amanzi. Ndingakhankanya nje ukuba kwikhaya endilindwendwelayo, uluntu lwase-Afghan Peace Volunteers, iqula loma. Kwaye kwaba-babenethamsanqa, kuba umninimzi waqala ukumba, kodwa kwafuneka ehle ngeemitha ezili-17 ukuzama ukufikelela emanzini. Ngoko itafile yamanzi sele isihla.
Kodwa phantsi kweentaba zeHindu Kush e-Afghanistan, kunokubakho ugcino olukhulu lweentlobo zezimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezisetyenziselwa iiselfowuni zethu, kwiikhompyuter zethu, kwiibhetri zelanga-uxolo, kwiibhetri ezinokuthi ekugqibeleni zikwazi amandla, njengomthombo wamafutha angekho phantsi kwefosili, iindlela zothutho. Ndiyathetha ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuba lihlabathi apho abantu abaninzi, abantu abaninzi baya kufuna ukubeka izandla zabo kwezo ntlobo zezimbiwa. Ke, xa uMongameli uTrump wayesazi ngakumbi iitriliyoni zeedola zobutyebi bezimbiwa ezinokuba ngaphantsi komhlaba e-Afghanistan, wayebonakala enomdla kakhulu e-United States egcina i-stake e-Afghanistan. Ewe, uyazi, akufuneki nokuba bahlawule irenti kwezi ziseko zikhulu i-United States isenazo e-Afghanistan. Nangona ukunyuka kwemikhosi kuhlile, iUnited States igcina iziseko kwilizwe liphela.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Bendifuna ukukubuza malunga namagqabantshintshi e-US Army General John Nicholson, owathi ukupheliswa kungakhulula izixhobo zokusebenza ngokuchasene ne-Islamic State. Ubuthe ayizukusebenza kanje.
UKUZALWA KELLY: Kulungile, uyazi, bahlula njani ukuba ngowuphi umlo oyinxalenye yeliphi iqela? Kwaye luhlobo luni lwesiqinisekiso abaya kuba nalo abantu abakholelwa ukuba, uyazi, kuya kubakho ukupheliswa, ukuba eneneni iUnited States iyaqhubeka nokuqhushumba? Kwaye, uyazi, ngalo lonke ixesha kukho ibhombu kwaye abantu babulawa, oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuphakamisa umnqweno wokuziphindezela nokuziphindezela. Kudala ubunzima obukhulu, obukhulu kubantu abanjalo-uyazi, umntu unokuba ngumhlolokazi ngequbuliso. Abantu benzakele, kwaye abanayo nayiphi na indlela yokufumana ukhathalelo lwempilo, ngokuyimfuneko, ixesha elide. Uyazi, ukuba i-United States iyaqhubeka nokuqhushumba, kunzima kum ukucinga ukuba uAshraf Ghani uya kukwazi ukuthi urhulumente wakhe ugcina ukupheliswa komlilo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Uye e-Afghanistan-belunini uhambo lwakho lokuqala, Kathy?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ndaqala ukuya e-Afghanistan ngoDisemba ka-2010.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ke ubusiya apho iminyaka esibhozo. Itshintshe njani? Ndiyathetha, le yeyona mfazwe inde kwimbali yase-US. Siyijonga ngokwembono yase-US. Kodwa, ndiyathetha, kubantu base-Afghanistan, into abadlula kuyo, abantu balifumana phi ithemba apho? Luluphi ulungiselelo oluqhubekayo, njengokuba ubuchaza uhambo loxolo lwephondo laseHelmand, oluqhubekayo?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, uhambo loxolo lweHelmand aluqhelekanga kakhulu. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba izisa umlinganiselo wethemba kwimbono yokuba abantu banokuzithethelela ngaphandle kolawulo lukarhulumente olukhohlakeleyo.
Ndithetha ukuba, ndimele nditsho ukuba uninzi lwabantu abaselulaโyaye lilizwe eliselula kakhulu. Uyazi, malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zabemi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Ulutsha oluninzi lufuna ukuphuma. Bafuna ukufumana i-scholarship kunye nokufunda kwenye indawo, okanye bafuna ukuzama ukuba ngabantu abanokufuna indawo yokukhusela kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa kwezi nyanga zintathu zidlulileyo, abanye abantu abancinci, endibazi kakuhle, abazama ukuyishiya i-Afghanistan, babuyile. Ayikhange iphumelele.
Ndazi elinye ibhinqa eliselula elithi kwintsapho yakowalo, kukho abantu abangama-46 abasebenzayoโokanye, bebesebenzela umkhosi okanye amapolisa baza babulawa bonke. Ke, njengoko uqoqosho ludodobala kakubi, njengoko kungekho mathuba emisebenzi kubantu, ndicinga ukuba ukuphelelwa lithemba kunyukile.
Ndatsho ngokutyelela kwinkampu yeembacu. Kwakukho iintsapho ezingama-700 kule nkampu, uninzi lwazo ingabantu ababevela emaphandleni apho babengasakwazi ukunyamekela izityalo okanye imfuyo. Kwaye, uyazi, kufuneka ube namanzi. Kufuneka ube nokutya. Ngoko abantu beza ezixekweni. Kwaye ke, kwiinkampu zeembacu, umzekelo, kwakukho iqula elinye elakhiwe ngumbutho ongekho phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, kwaye linokukhonza iintsapho ezingama-200. Kodwa iqula lalingasebenzanga ngalaa mini ndandityelele ngayo, kwaye ke abantu babephelelwe lithemba. โSiza kuwenza ntoni amanzi?โ
Abantu endibaziyo ngaphakathi kwamaVolontiya oXolo e-Afghan baye basebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze bafumane iindlela, ngenkxaso evela kubantu base-United States nase-United Kingdom nase-Australia ngokuyintloko-basebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ukufumana iiprojekthi abanokuthi bazenze ukwabelana ngezibonelelo zabo. Kukho ukungalingani okukhulu eluntwini. Kusekho abantu abathi, ndicinga ukuba, ngenxa yorhwaphilizo, baye bakwazi ukuvuna inzuzo enkulu ngenxa yemfazwe. Kodwa kubantu abaqhelekileyo, ukusinda kunzima kakhulu. Ngoko baye benza isikolo apho abantwana abahlala ezitalatweni banokuza bafumane imfundo. Kodwa kumntwana ngamnye osesitratweni osesikolweni, intsapho inikwa umxhesho weembotyi nerayisi neoli yokupheka. Yaye oomama abeze kuqokelela loo mxhesho abanayo ngokwenene enye indlela yokondla iintsapho zabo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kathy, sinemizuzwana engama-30 phambi kokuba siphulukane nesathelayithi. Izimvo zakho zokugqibela?
UKUZALWA KELLY: Ewe, ndiyakholelwa ukuba i-United States kufuneka ihlawule imbuyekezo ngenxa yokubandezeleka kwabantu base-Afghanistan, ababethetha ukuba akukho monakalo kwaye baye babandezeleka kakhulu ngenxa yemfazwe eqhubekayo, ehlala ixesha elide.
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Nikela