Umthombo: I-Atlantic
Ifike njani kule nto? Intsholongwane ephindwe kaliwaka encinci kunothuli iye yathobisa kwaye yahlazisa esona sizwe sinamandla emhlabeni. IMelika iye yasilela ukukhusela abantu bayo, ibashiya begula kunye nokonakala kwemali. Iphulukene newonga layo njengenkokeli yehlabathi. Iye yakhathala phakathi kokungasebenzi kunye nokungabi nangqiqo. Ububanzi nobukhulu beziphoso zayo kunzima, okwangoku, ukuziqonda ngokwenene.
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, i-SARS-CoV-2-i-coronavirus entsha emva kwesi sifo i-COVID-19-yosulela abantu abazizigidi ezili-10 kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yabulala malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi. Kodwa ambalwa amazwe abethwe kanobom njenge-United States, enepesenti ezi-4 kuphela zabemi behlabathi kodwa ikota yamatyala ayo aqinisekisiweyo e-COVID-19 kunye nokufa. La manani luqikelelo. Elona ntlawulo, nangona ngokungathandabuzekiyo liphezulu, akwaziwa, kuba elona lizwe lizizityebi emhlabeni lisaswele uvavanyo olwaneleyo lokubala ngokuchanekileyo abemi balo abagulayo.
Ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esaneleyo, i-US yachitha lonke ithuba elinokwenzeka lokulawula i-coronavirus. Yaye phezu kwazo nje iingenelo zayo ezininzi—ubuncwane obuninzi, amandla ezonyango, ubuchule benzululwazi—yantlitheka. Ngelixa amazwe ahlukileyo njengoMzantsi Korea, iThailand, i-Iceland, iSlovakia, kunye ne-Australia yathatha amanyathelo angqongqo ukugoba ijika losulelo ezantsi, i-US yafumana ithafa nje entwasahlobo, ethe yatshintsha yaba kukuthambeka okunyukayo ehlotyeni. UJulia Marcus, ugqirha wezifo ezosulelayo kwisikolo saseHarvard Medical School, undixelele uJulia Marcus.
Oko waqala ubhubhane, ndithethe neengcali ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ndifundile ukuba phantse yonke into engahambi kakuhle ngempendulo yaseMelika kubhubhane yayinokuqikelelwa kwaye inokuthintelwa. Impendulo ebudoda ngurhulumente ongenabuchule buvumele i-coronavirus ukuba ithathe indawo. Ukuxhaswa ngenkxaso-mali okungapheliyo kwempilo yoluntu kuthintele amandla esizwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwepathogen. Ukudumba, inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo engasebenziyo ishiye izibhedlele zingakulungelanga ukugula okuza kulandela. Imigaqo-nkqubo yocalucalulo eye yanyamezela ukusukela kwimihla yobukoloniyali kunye nobukhoboka yashiya abantu bomthonyama kunye nabaMnyama baseMelika bengakhuselekanga ngakumbi kwi-COVID-19. Inkqubo yamashumi eminyaka yokonakalisa umnatha wokhuseleko lwentlalontle yesizwe inyanzelise izigidi zabasebenzi ababalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ehlawula kancinci ukuba babeke ubomi babo emngciphekweni ukuze baziphilise. Amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo afanayo ahlwayela umanyano kunye nolwazi olungelulo ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola ka-2014 e-Afrika kunye nonyulo luka-2016 lwase-US lwaba ngabaxhasi beethiyori zeyelenqe ngexesha lobhubhani lowama-2020.
I-U.S. inesingxengxezo esincinci sokungahoywa kwayo. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ubhubhani we-SARS, i-MERS, i-Ebola, i-H1N1 umkhuhlane, i-Zika, kunye ne-monkeypox ibonise isiphithiphithi esinokuthi senziwe iintsholongwane ezintsha neziphinda zivele. Iingcali zempilo, iinkokeli zoshishino, kunye kwanabafundi abakumabanga aphakathi babeqhuba imithambo eyifanisiweyo ukwenza umdlalo wokusasazeka kwezifo ezitsha. Ngo-2018, ndabhala nqaku the Atlantic Ukuxoxa ukuba i-US ibingekakulungeli ubhubhane, kwaye ivakalise izilumkiso malunga nokuba buthathaka kwenkqubo yesizwe yokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nenkqubo ecothayo yokudala isitofu sokugonya. Kodwa i-COVID-19 debacle nayo ichukumise-kwaye yachaphazela-phantse yonke eminye imiba yoluntu lwaseMelika: ubunkokeli bayo obufutshane, ukungakhathaleli kwabo ubuchwephesha, ukungalingani kwabo ngokobuhlanga, inkcubeko yayo yeendaba zentlalo, kunye nokunyaniseka kwayo kuhlobo oluyingozi lomntu.
I-SARS‑CoV-2 yinto yentsholongwane ye-anti-Goldilocks: imbi ngokwaneleyo ngayo yonke indlela. Iimpawu zayo zinokuba bukhali ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibulale izigidi kodwa zihlala zithambile ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela usulelo ukuba luhambe lungabonakali phakathi kwabemi. Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba ilayishe izibhedlele, kodwa kancinci ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba izibalo azihambi de kube mva kakhulu. Ezi mpawu zenze ukuba intsholongwane kube nzima ukuyilawula, kodwa ziphinde zathambisa inqindi yobhubhane. I-SARS-CoV-2 ayibulali njengezinye ii-coronavirus, ezinje nge-SARS kunye ne-MERS, kwaye ayisuleli njengemasisi. Iintsholongwane ezibulalayo ziphantse zibekho. Izilwanyana zasendle zineentsholongwane ezingaziwayo eziqikelelwa kuma-40,000 XNUMX, ikota ekusenokwenzeka ukuba inokutsibela ebantwini. Iza kuphila njani i-US xa “singakwazi kujongana nobhubhani wokuqala?” UZeynep Tufekci, isazi ngezentlalo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina kunye Atlantic Umbhali onegalelo, wandibuza.
Ngaphandle kweziphumo zayo ezingapheliyo, i-COVID-19 sisibhengezo nje sezibetho ezimbi kakhulu ezizayo. I-US ayinako ukuzilungiselela ezi ngxaki zingenakuthintelwa ukuba ibuyela kwesiqhelo, njengoko uninzi lwabantu bayo bebuhlungu ukuyenza. Okuqhelekileyo kwakhokelela koku. Isiqhelo yayilihlabathi elisoloko lisichenge ngakumbi kubhubhani kodwa lihlala lisilungele. Ukunqanda enye intlekele, i-US kufuneka ilwe nazo zonke iindlela eziqhelekileyo zasilela. Ifuna ingxelo epheleleyo yazo zonke iimpazamo zamva nje kunye nesiseko sesono, bonke ubuthathaka obungahoywanga kunye nesilumkiso esingahoywayo, onke amanxeba akralayo kunye nesiva esiphinde savuleka.
Ubhubhani unokuthintelwa ngeendlela ezimbini: Nqanda usulelo ukuba lungaze luvele, okanye uyeke usulelo ekubeni lube ngamawaka ngaphezulu. Indlela yokuqala ayinakwenzeka. Kukho iintsholongwane ezininzi kakhulu kwaye zininzi kakhulu izilwanyana ezizigcinayo. Amalulwane ewodwa anokusingatha amawaka ee-coronavirus ezingaziwayo; kweminye imiqolomba yamaTshayina, ilulwane elinye kwangama-20 losulelwe yile ntsholongwane. Abantu abaninzi bahlala kufuphi nale miqolomba, bakhusele kuyo, okanye baqokelele i-guano kuyo ukuze bafumane isichumiso. Amawakawaka amalulwane nawo abhabha phezu kwezi lali zabantu aze alale emakhayeni abo, evula amathuba okuba amalulwane atyhutyhe ngenxa yentsholongwane egazini. Ngenxa ye uvavanyo lwe-antibody kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zase China, uPeter Daszak we-EcoHealth Alliance, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ophonononga izifo ezivelayo, uqikelela ukuba ezo ntsholongwane zosulela inani elikhulu labantu nyaka ngamnye. “Uninzi lwabantu abosulelekileyo abazi ngayo, kwaye uninzi lweentsholongwane azisuleleki,” utshilo uDaszak. Kodwa kuthatha intsholongwane enye nje ukuqalisa ubhubhane.
Ngaxa lithile ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, intsholongwane engalunganga yashiya ilulwane kwaye yaphela, mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa inginginya ephakathi, emntwini-kunye nenye, kunye nenye. Ekugqibeleni yafumana indlela eya kwimarike yokutya kwaselwandle yase-Huanan, kwaye yatsibela kwinginginya yemikhosi emitsha kumsitho oqhumayo osasazeke kakhulu. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 sele uqalile.
“Akukho ndlela yokufumana yonke into iye ku-zero,” utshilo uColin Carlson, isazi ngendalo kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown. Abalondolozi bendalo abaninzi batsibela kwiindyikitya zokufa njengamathuba okuthintela urhwebo ngezilwanyana zasendle okanye ukutya “inyama yasendle,” igama elingaqhelekanga elithi “inyamakazi,” kodwa zimbalwa izifo eziye zavela ngazo zombini ezi ndlela. UCarlson uthe ezona zinto zibangela ukuchitheka kwegazi kukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, zombini kunzima ukuzilawula. Iintlobo zethu ziye zanda ngokungapheliyo kwiindawo zasendle zangaphambili. Ngolimo olunzima, ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, siye sazincothula izilwanyana zesijikelezi-langa, sizinyanzelela kuluhlu olutsha nolucutheneyo olukwiminyango yethu. Uluntu lucinezele izilwanyana zasendle zehlabathi ngokucinezela-kwaye iintsholongwane ziye zagqabhuka.
Ukunciphisa ezo ntsholongwane emva kokuba zichithekile kuyenzeka ngakumbi, kodwa kufuna ulwazi, ukungafihli, kunye nokuthatha isigqibo ebesingekho ngo-2020. Okuninzi malunga ne-coronavirus akwaziwa. Alukho uthungelwano locupho lokuzibhaqa njengoko zikhona ezomkhuhlane. Alukho unyango okanye izitofu ezivunyiweyo. IiCoronavirus zazifudula zilusapho lwe-niche, olubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwezilwanyana. Kumashumi amane eminyaka eyadlulayo, izazinzulu ezingama-60 okanye ngaphezulu zazimasa intlanganiso yokuqala yezizwe ngezizwe malunga ne-coronavirus. Uluhlu lwabo lonyuka emva kokuba i-SARS itshayele umhlaba ngo-2003, kodwa yehla ngokukhawuleza njengoko imali ethe yaphela. Kwenzeka into efanayo emva kokuba i-MERS ivele ngo-2012. Kulo nyaka, iingcali zehlabathi ze-coronavirus-kwaye azikabikho zininzi-kwaye kwafuneka zihlehlise inkomfa yazo yeminyaka emithathu eNetherlands kuba i-SARS-CoV-2 yenza ukubhabha kuyingozi kakhulu.
Kweli xesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngexabiso eliphantsi, uqhambuko oluqala kwilizwekazi elinye lunokufikelela lula kwamanye. I-SARS sele ibonisile ukuba ngo-2003, kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwesibini ngoku bahamba ngenqwelomoya minyaka le. Ukuthintela ubhubhane, amazwe achaphazelekayo kufuneka alumkise abamelwane bawo ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2003, i-China yagubungela ukusasazeka kwangoko kwe-SARS, ivumela isifo esitsha ukuba sifumane indawo, kwaye ngo-2020, imbali yaziphinda. Urhulumente waseTshayina wakujongela phantsi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 isasazeke phakathi kwabantu, kwaye yaqinisekisa kuphela nge-20 kaJanuwari, emva kokuba izigidi zijikeleze ilizwe kulo nyaka mtsha. Oogqirha ababezama ukuphakamisa isilumkiso bakhalinyelwa baza basongelwa. Omnye, uLi Wenliang, kamva wasweleka ngenxa ye-COVID-19. UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ekuqaleni wawucutha umgca waseTshayina kwaye awuzange ubhengeze imeko yongxamiseko yezempilo yoluntu kwinkxalabo yehlabathi de kwangoJanuwari 30. Ngelo xesha, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abali-10,000 kumazwe angama-20 babesele bosulelekile, kwaye intsholongwane yayisasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
I-United States iyigxeke ngokuchanekileyo i-China ngokuphindaphinda kwayo kunye ne-WHO ngokuyekelela kwayo-kodwa i-US nayo yoyisakele kuluntu lwamazwe aphesheya. Phantsi koMongameli uDonald Trump, i-US irhoxile kubudlelwane bamazwe aphesheya kwaye yachasa amahlakani ayo. Inesihlalo kwibhodi yesigqeba se-WHO, kodwa yasishiya singenanto isithuba esingaphezulu kweminyaka emibini, siyizalisa ngoMeyi, xa ubhubhane wawuguquguquka ngokupheleleyo. Ukusukela ngo-2017, uTrump uye watsala abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-30 kwi-ofisi yeZiko loLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo e-China, owayenokulumkisa malunga nokusasazeka kwe-coronavirus. KuJulayi ophelileyo, uye waxhasa ngezimali ugqirha wezifo zezifo waseMelika ofakwe kwiCDC yase China. IMelika yokuqala yayingakhathali.
Kwanasemva kokuba izilumkiso zifikile eU.S., zawela kwiindlebe eziphosakeleyo. Ukusukela ngaphambi konyulo lwakhe, uTrump ubuchithile ubuchwephesha kunye nobungqina. Ugcwalise ulawulo lwakhe ngabantu abatsha abangenamava, ngelixa ebonisa abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni njengenxalenye "yelizwe elinzulu." Ngo-2018, wayidiliza iofisi eyayidityaniswe ngokukodwa ukulungiselela ubhubhane oqalayo. Iiarhente zobuntlola zaseMelika zilumkise malunga nesoyikiso se-coronavirus ngoJanuwari, kodwa uTrump uhlala engazihoyi iinkcazo zobuntlola. Unobhala wezempilo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, u-Alex Azar, wanikela isiluleko esifanayo, kwaye yayingahoywa kabini.
Ukulungiselela kuthetha ukuba ulungele ukwenza isenzo, "ukuze xa kwenzeka into enje, uhamba ngokukhawuleza," uRonald Klain, oququzelele impendulo yase-US kwi-Ebola yaseNtshona Afrika ngo-2014, wandixelela. "Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, bekufanele ukuba siqalise uthotho lwamanyathelo, ngokuchanekileyo zero athathiweyo." UTrump ngewayechithe ezo veki zibalulekileyo zovavanyo lokubona intsholongwane, ecela iinkampani ukuba zenze izixhobo zokukhusela kunye nee-ventilators, kwaye ngenye indlela zibethelela ilizwe ngokubi. Kunoko, wanikela ingqalelo emdeni. Nge-31 kaJanuwari, uTrump wabhengeza ukuba i-US iza kuvala ukungena kwabaphambukeli abasandula ukuba se-China, kwaye wabongoza abantu baseMelika ukuba bakuphephe ukuya apho.
Ukuvalwa kokuhamba kwenza ingqiqo, kuba ukuhamba ngokucacileyo kwenza ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, Ukuvalwa kokuhamba akusebenzi kakuhle ekuthinteleni ukuhamba okanye iintsholongwane. Bakhuthaza abantu ukuba bafune iindlela ezingathanga ngqo kumazwe angaphandle, okanye bazifihle ngabom iimpawu zabo. Zihlala zixakekile: I-Trump iquke izinto ezininzi, kwaye yavumela amashumi amawaka abantu ukuba bangene bevela e-China. Okumangalisayo kukuba, bona ukudalaUkuhamba: Xa uTrump kamva wabhengeza ukuvalwa kweenqwelomoya ezivela kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, uninzi lwabahambi bapakisha izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseMelika bengxamile ukubetha izithintelo ezingenayo. Ukuvalwa kokuhamba ngamanye amaxesha kunokusebenza kumazwe akude esiqithi, kodwa ngokubanzi banokulibazisa kuphela ukusasazeka kobhubhane—ungayeki. Kwaye banokudala intembeko yobuxoki eyingozi, ngoko ke amazwe “axhomekeke ekuthintelweni ngaphandle kwezinto ekufuneka bezenzile-ukuvavanya, ukukhangela umkhondo, ukwakha inkqubo yezempilo,” utshilo uThomas Bollyky, ingcali yezempilo yehlabathi kwiBhunga. kuBudlelwane baNgaphandle. "Oko kuvakala kumbi kakhulu njengoko kwenzeka e-US."
Oku kwakuqikelelwa. Umongameli obekwe eludongeni olungasebenziyo, kwaye uchaze abafuna indawo yokukhosela njengabathwali bezifo, wayehlala efikelela kwizithintelo zokuhamba njengendawo yokuqala yokukhenketha. Kwaye abantu baseMelika abathenge kwi-rhetoric yakhe ye-xenophobia kunye ne-isolationism yayiza kuba sesichengeni sokucinga ukuba ulawulo olulula lokungena yayiyi-panacea.
Kwaye ke i-US ichithe ithuba layo elingcono lokunqanda i-COVID-19. Nangona isifo saqala ukufika e-US phakathi kuJanuwari, ubungqina bemfuzo bubonisa ukuba iintsholongwane ezithile ezibangele uqhambuko lokuqala olukhulu, eWashington State, azizange zifike kwade kwaphakathi kuFebruwari. Ilizwe ngelalisebenzise elo xesha ukulungiselela. Endaweni yoko, uTrump, ochithe ixesha lakhe lobumongameli lonke efunda ukuba anokuthetha nantoni na ayifunayo ngaphandle kwesiphumo, uqinisekisile abantu baseMelika ukuba "i-coronavirus iphantsi kolawulo," kwaye "njengommangaliso, iya kunyamalala." Ngokungohlwaywa, uTrump waxoka. Ngaphandle kokungohlwaywa, le ntsholongwane yasasazeka.
Ngomhla wama-26 kaFebruwari, uTrump wathi amatyala "aza kuba kufutshane ne-zero." Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezizayo, ubuncinci abantu baseMelika abasisigidi basulelekile.
Njengoko i-coronavirus yazinza e-US, yafumana ilizwe enokuthi isasazeke ngokulula, ngaphandle kokubhaqwa. Kangangeminyaka, uPardis Sabeti, ugqirha wentsholongwane kwiZiko eliBanzi laseHarvard kunye neMIT, ebezama ukwenza inethiwekhi yokucupha eya kuvumela izibhedlele kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu zase-US ukuba zilandelele ngokukhawuleza iintsholongwane ezintsha ngokulandelelana kwemfuza. Ukuba loo nethiwekhi ibikhona, nje ukuba izazinzulu zaseTshayina zipapashe genome ye-SARS-CoV-2 nge-11 kaJanuwari, sonke isibhedlele saseMelika ngebekwazile ukuphuhlisa uvavanyo lwaso lokuxilonga ukulungiselela ukufika kwale ntsholongwane. “Ndichithe ixesha elininzi ndizama ukweyisela abantu abaninzi ngenkxaso-mali ukuba bayixhase,” utshilo uSabeti. Andizange ndifike ndawo.
I-CDC iphuhlise kwaye yasasaza iimvavanyo zayo zokuxilonga ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Ezi zangqineka zingenamsebenzi ngenxa yenxalenye yemichiza ephosakeleyo. Uvavanyo belunqongophele ngolo hlobo, kwaye iindlela zokulufumana zazingqongqo, kangangokuba ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, amashumi amawaka abantu baseMelika babenosulelo kodwa ngamakhulu kuphela awayevavanyiwe. Idatha esemthethweni yayingalunganga ngokucacileyo ukuba the Atlanticiphuhlise inyathelo layo elikhokelwa ngamavolontiya-iProjekthi yokuJonga i-COVID-ukubala amatyala.
Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga kulula ukuzenza, ngoko ukusilela kwe-US ukuyila kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Okubi kakhulu, yayingenaPlan B. Iilebhu zabucala zakrwitshwa yi-FDA bureaucracy. Ngeli xesha, ilebhu kaSabeti yaphuhlisa uvavanyo lokuxilonga phakathi kuJanuwari kwaye yaluthumela koogxa baseNigeria, eSierra Leone naseSenegal. “Besinoxilongo olusebenzayo kula mazwe ngaphambi kokuba senze kuwo nawaphi na amazwe aseMelika,” undixelele.
Kunzima ukuyibaxa indlela ngokucokisekileyo uvavanyo lwe-debacle lubenza bangakwazi abantu base-US abaneempawu ezibuthathaka abakwazanga ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni engalunganga ngabo. Amagosa ezempilo awakwazanga ukunqumla amatyathanga osulelo ngokuchonga abantu abagulayo kwaye abacele ukuba bazimele bodwa.
Amanzi aqukuqelayo kwindlela yabahambi ngeenyawo aya kungena lula kuzo zonke iintanda; ke, kwakhona, ngaba i-coronavirus engajongwanga yangena kuwo wonke umgca wempazamo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Qwalasela izakhiwo zethu. Ukusabela kwintlekele yamandla ehlabathi ngeminyaka yee-1970s, abacwangcisi bezakhiwo benza izakhiwo zonge amandla ngokuzitywina emoyeni wangaphandle, zinciphisa izinga lokungena komoya. Izingcolisi neentsholongwane ezifumaneka ngaphakathi endlwini, “ziqalisa ixesha ‘lezakhiwo ezigulayo,’ ” utsho uJoseph Allen, ofundela ubume bemekobume eHarvard's TH Chan School of Public Health. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuyintsika yomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu yanamhlanje, kodwa kukho iindlela zokuyifeza ngaphandle kokuncama impilo-ntle. UAllen uthi: “Siye saphulukana nendlela yethu ukutyhubela iminyaka saza sayeka ukuyila izakhiwo zabantu.
Izithuba zangaphakathi apho abantu baseMelika bachitha i-87 pesenti yexesha labo yaba yindawo yokubukela iziganeko ezisasazeka kakhulu. Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba amathuba okufumana intsholongwane kumntu owosulelekileyo aphantse abe li-19 ngokuphindwe kabini ngaphakathi endlwini kunasemoyeni. Ikhuselwe kwizinto ezisisiseko naphakathi kwezihlwele ezibambene ngokusondelana ixesha elide, i-coronavirus yayixhaphakile kumagumbi enkomfa ehotele yaseBoston, iikhabhathi zenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa iDiamond Princess, kunye neholo yecawa eWashington State apho ikwayala yayizilolonge iiyure nje ezimbalwa. .
Ezona zakhiwo zibethe nzima zezo zazixinene ngabantu amashumi eminyaka: iintolongo. Phakathi kwezohlwayo eziqatha ezikhutshwe kwiMfazwe yeZiyobisi kunye nengqondo enzima kulwaphulo-mthetho olubuyisela imbuyekezo ngenxa yokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili, abantu baseMelika abavalelweyo baye banda ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.3 yezigidi. I-U.S. ivalela abantu abaphindwe kahlanu ukuya kwabali-18 ngomntu ngamnye kunezinye iidemokhrasi zaseNtshona. Iintolongo ezininzi zaseMelika zigcwele ngaphaya kwamandla, okwenza ukuba kude kungenzeki. Isepha idla ngokunqongophala. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-coronavirus yabaleka. NgoJuni, iintolongo ezimbini zaseMelika nganye zibalela amatyala amaninzi kunayo yonke iNew Zealand. Enye, iZiko loLuleko likaMarion, eOhio, babenamatyala angaphezu kwe-2,000 phakathi kwamabanjwa nangona umthamo we-1,500.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezixineneyo nazo zangqingwa. Amakhaya abantu abalupheleyo aseMelika kunye neendawo zokugcina ixesha elide zihlala zingaphantsi kwepesenti enye yabantu bayo, kodwa ukusukela phakathi kuJuni, babalelwa kuma-40 eepesenti zokufa kwe-coronavirus. Bangaphezu kwama-50,000 abahlali kunye nabasebenzi ababhubhileyo. Ubuncinane abangama-250,000 abanye baye bosulelwa. La manani manyumnyezi ayisibonisi nje somonakalo omkhulu owenziwa yi-COVID-19 kubantu abadala, kodwa nakwinkathalo abayifumanayo abantu abadala. Ngaphambi kobhubhane, amathathu kwamane amakhaya abalupheleyo ayenabasebenzi abambalwa, yaye abane kwabahlanu bebesandul’ ukukhankanywa ngokusilela kulawulo losulelo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lukaTrump iye yayenza mandundu ingxaki ngokunciphisa ukuthontelana kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. benza ikota yabanonopheli bexesha elide.
Nangona ikhaya labalupheleyo laseSeattle laliyenye yeendawo zokuqala ezishushu ze-COVID-19 e-US, amaziko afanayo awazange abonelelwe ngovavanyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela. Endaweni yokubopha ezi ndawo ngokuchasene nobhubhane, iSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu liye lanqumamisa uhlolo lwekhaya labalupheleyo ngoMatshi, ligqithisa imali kumazwe. Amanye amakhaya abantu abalupheleyo ayayiphepha le ntsholongwane kuba abanini bawo bakhawuleza bayeka ukutyelelwa, okanye bahlawule abanonopheli ukuba bahlale esizeni. Kodwa kwabanye, abasebenzi bayekile ukusebenza, besoyika ukosulela amatyala abo okanye bosulele ngokwabo. Kwezinye iimeko, kuye kwafuneka ukuba abahlali bagxothwe kuba kungekho mntu ufikayo ukubanyamekela.
Ukungahoywa kweMelika ngamakhaya abantu abalupheleyo kunye neentolongo, izakhiwo zayo ezigulayo, kunye nokusasazwa kwayo ngovavanyo, konke oku kubonisa isimo sayo esinengxaki ngempilo: "Lungisa izibhedlele kwaye ulinde abantu abagulayo ukuba babonise," njengoko uSheila Davis, i-CEO ye-nonprofit. Partners in Health, ibeka. "Ingakumbi ekuqaleni, siye sajongana nempendulo yethu yonke [COVID-19] kwi-20 pesenti yabantu abafuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunokuthintela usulelo eluntwini." Le yokugqibela ngumsebenzi wenkqubo yezempilo yoluntu, ethintela ukugula kwabantu endaweni yokunyanga nje umntu ngamnye. Loo nkqubo idityaniswa ngokungakhululekanga nomoya wesizwe ojonga impilo njengombandela wobuqu kunokuzijonga njengezinto ezilungileyo ezihlangeneyo.
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-20. ukuphuculwa kwempilo yoluntu kwakuthetha ukuba abantu baseMelika baphila umyinge we-30 iminyaka ngaphezulu kunokuba babenjalo ekuqaleni kwayo. Ukusweleka koomama behle ngeepesenti ezingama-99; Ukubhubha kweentsana ngama-90 ekhulwini. Ukutya okuqinisiweyo konke kodwa kupheliswe i-rickets kunye ne-goiters. Amayeza okugonya aphelisa ingqakaqha kunye nepoliyo, kwaye azisa imasisi, idiphtheria, kunye nerubella esithendeni. La manyathelo, edityaniswa namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane nogutyulo olubhetele, anqanda izifo ezosulelayo kangangokuba ezinye izazinzulu zaqikelela ukuba zaziya kudlula embalini kungekudala. Kodwa kunoko, ezi mpu melelo zazisa ukungazithembi. "Njengoko impilo yoluntu yenza umsebenzi wayo, yaba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo" yokunciphisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, utsho uLori Freeman, i-CEO ye-National Association of County and City Health Officers.
namhlanje, iU.S. ichitha nje isi-2.5 sepesenti yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu lokhathalelo lwempilo kwimpilo yoluntu. Amasebe ezempilo angaxhaswanga ngemali asele ezama ukujongana nomlutha we-opioid, ukunyuka kwamazinga okutyeba, amanzi angcolileyo, kunye nezifo ezinokuthintelwa ngokulula. Kunyaka ophelileyo wabona iimeko ezininzi zemasisi ukususela ngo-1992. Ngo-2018, i-U.S. Iimeko ze-115,000 ze-syphilis kunye ne-580,000 iimeko ze-gonorrhea—amanani angazange abonwe phantse kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ine-1.7 yezigidi zeemeko ze-chlamydia, elona nani liphezulu elirekhodiweyo.
Ukusukela kwixesha lokudodobala koqoqosho kokugqibela, ngo-2009, amasebe ezempilo engingqi ahlala ebophelelekile baye baphulukana nemisebenzi engama-55,000 XNUMX—ikota yabasebenzi babo. Xa i-COVID-19 ifikile, ukudodobala koqoqosho kwanyanzela amasebe ukuba akhuphe abasebenzi abaninzi. Xa amazwe efuna imikhosi yabasebenzi bezempilo yoluntu ukufumana abantu abosulelekileyo kwaye balandele unxibelelwano lwabo, kwafuneka baqeshe kwaye baqeqeshe abantu kwasekuqaleni. NgoMeyi, iRhuluneli yaseMaryland uLarry Hogan wathi ilizwe lakhe kungekudala liza kuba nabantu aboneleyo bokulandelela abafowunelwa abayi-10,000 yonke imihla. Kunyaka ophelileyo, njengoko i-Ebola yatyhutyha iDemocratic Republic of Congo-ilizwe elinekota yobutyebi baseMaryland kunye nendawo yemfazwe esebenzayo-abasebenzi bezempilo basekuhlaleni kunye ne-WHO balandelele kabini abantu abaninzi.
Ukukrazula kungathintelwa kuluntu lwaseMelika, i-coronavirus yenza amawaka eendwendwe ezigulayo emva koko yakhwela kwizibhedlele zaseMelika. Bekufanele ukuba ifumene amaziko axhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji yezobuchwephesha bezonyango, izicwangciso ezineenkcukacha zobhubhane, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokukhusela kunye namayeza asindisa ubomi. Endaweni yoko, yafumana inkqubo ebhityileyo esengozini yokuwa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili wesizwe esityebileyo, IMelika ichitha phantse kabini imali eninzi yobutyebi bayo besizwe kukhathalelo lwempilo, malunga ikota yayo imoshakele kukhathalelo olungasebenziyo, unyango olungeyomfuneko, kunye ne-chicaery yolawulo. I-U.S. ifumana ingxokozelo encinci ngenxa yemali yayo egqithisileyo. Inelona zinga liphantsi lokulindela ubomi kumazwe anokuthelekiswa nawo, awona mazinga aphezulu ezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nobona gqirha abambalwa ngomntu ngamnye. Le nkqubo iqhutywa yinzuzo inenkuthazo encinci yokutyala imali kwiibhedi ezisecaleni, kwimpahla egciniweyo, kuqeqesho lwexesha loxolo, kunye nezicwangciso zongxamiseko ezileleyo-undoqo wokulungela ubhubhane. Izibhedlele zaseMelika ziye zathenwa kwaye zolulelwa ngamandla entengiso ukubaleka kufutshane nomthamo opheleleyo, kuncinci ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobunzima.
Xa izibhedlele zenza izicwangciso zendyikityha, zidla ngokulwa imfazwe yokugqibela. Emva kwe-2014, amaziko amaninzi adala amacandelo onyango akhethekileyo alungiselelwe i-Ebola-isifo esibulalayo kodwa esingasuleli kakhulu. Ezi yunithi zonke bezingenamsebenzi ngokuchasene nentsholongwane esasazeke kakhulu emoyeni efana ne-SARS‑CoV-2. Kwanezibhedlele bezingekakulungeli ukuqhambuka kangangeenyanga. Izicwangciso ezingxamisekileyo zicingela ukuba abasebenzi banokunyamezela iintsuku ezimbalwa zeemeko ezidinayo, eziya kubanjwa, kwaye amaziko ebekheke nzima anokuxhaswa ngabamelwane abangachaphazelekanga. "Siyilelwe iintlekele ezingacacanga" njengokudutyulwa kwabantu abaninzi, ukugcwala kweetrafikhi, kunye nezitshingitshane, utshilo uEsther Choo, ugqirha ongxamisekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon yezeMpilo kunye neSayensi. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 asiyontlekele ecacileyo. Yintlekele yamazwe angama-50 enokuthi iqhubeke nokuba isitofu sokugonya silungile.
Naphi na apho i-coronavirus yafika khona, izibhedlele zazibuyela. Amazwe amaninzi acele abafundi bezonyango ukuba baphumelele kwangoko, baphinde babhalise oogqirha abadla umhlala-phantsi, kwaye bathumela oogqirha besikhumba kumasebe kaxakeka. Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baye banyamezela utshintsho olunzima, ubuso babo bubomvu kwaye bunegazi xa ekugqibeleni bakhupha izixhobo zabo zokukhusela. Kungekudala, ezo zixhobo—iimaski, izixhobo zokuphefumla, iigawuni, iiglavu—zaqalisa ukuphela.
Izibhedlele zaseMelika zisebenza kuqoqosho lwangexesha. Bafumana iimpahla abazidingayo okwangoku ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco lokubonelela nge-labyrinthine elijikeleza ilizwe kwimigca ephitheneyo, ukusuka kumazwe anabasebenzi abancinci ukuya kumazwe atyebileyo njenge-US Imigca ayibonakali de igqithe. Malunga nesiqingatha seemaski zobuso behlabathi, umzekelo, zenziwe eTshayina, ezinye zazo kwiphondo laseHubei. Xa loo mmandla waba sisibetho sobhubhani, unikezelo lwemaski lwancipha kanye njengokuba imfuno yehlabathi isanda. Ulawulo lukaTrump luguqukele kwindawo yokugcina izinto zonyango ezibizwa ngokuba yiStrategic National Stockpile, kodwa yafumanisa ukuba Iimiliyoni ezili-100 zokuphefumla kunye nemaski ezazisasazwe ngexesha lobhubhani womkhuhlane ka-2009 azizange zitshintshwe.. Zizizigidi ezili-13 nje kuphela ezisele zikwazi ukuphefumla.
Ngo-Epreli, abane kwabahlanu abongikazi abangaphambili bathi abanazo izixhobo zokukhusela zaneleyo. Abanye baye bacela iminikelo eluntwini, okanye bajonga kwi-morass ye-back-alley deals kunye nobuqhophololo be-intanethi. Abanye bazenzele ezabo iimaski zotyando ngeebhandi kunye neegawuni ngeengxowa zenkunkuma. Ubonelelo lwee-nasopharyngeal swabs ezisetyenziswa kulo lonke uvavanyo lokuxilonga luye lwehla, kuba omnye wabavelisi abakhulu useLombardy, e-Italiya-ekuqaleni i-COVID-19 inkulu yaseYurophu. Malunga nama-40 ekhulwini amayeza onyango oluqatha, kuquka amayeza okubulala iintlungu neentlungu, aye anqongophala ngenxa yokuba axhomekeke kwimizila yokuvelisa eqala eTshayina naseIndiya. Nje ukuba isitofu sokugonya silungile, akunokungabikho zibhotile zaneleyo zokusifaka, ngenxa ye Ukunqongophala kwexesha elide kwihlabathi leglasi yenqanaba lezonyango-ngokoqobo, ibhotile-neck bottleneck.
Urhulumente womdibaniso ngewayezithobile ezo ngxaki ngokuthenga izinto kuqoqosho lwenqanaba kwaye azisasaze ngokwemfuno. Kunoko, ngoMatshi, UTrump uxelele iirhuluneli zaseMelika ukuba "zizame ukuzifumana." Njengesiqhelo, ukhathalelo lwempilo yayingumcimbi wongxowankulu kunye nonxibelelwano. ENew York, Izibhedlele ezityebileyo zathenga indlela yazo yokuphuma kukusilela kwazo kwezixhobo zokhuselo, ngoxa abamelwane abahlwempuzekileyo, iindawo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeso sixeko zazisabela ukutya kwazo.
Ngelixa umongameli wayephambili, abantu baseMelika benza. Amashishini athumela abasebenzi bawo ekhaya. Abantu bebeziqhelanisa noluntu, nangaphambi kokuba uTrump abhengeze imeko kaxakeka yesizwe ngoMatshi 13, naphambi kokuba iirhuluneli kunye noosodolophu bakhuphe iiodolo ezisemthethweni zokuhlala ekhaya, okanye izikolo ezivaliweyo, iivenkile kunye neeresityu. Uphononongo lwabonisa ukuba I-US ibinokuthintele abantu abangama-36,000 ababhubhileyo kwi-COVID-19 ukuba iinkokeli zenze iindlela zokungena eluntwini kwiveki nje engaphambili. Kodwa ngcono kade kunanini na ngaphambili: Ngokunciphisa ngokudibeneyo ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane, iMelika yathambisa ijika. IiVentilators azizange ziphele, njengoko zazinjalo kwiindawo zase-Itali. Izibhedlele zinexesha lokongeza iibhedi ezongezelelweyo.
Ungenelelo ekuhlaleni lusebenzile. Kodwa ukuvalwa okungacalulwanga kwakuyimfuneko kuphela ngenxa yokuba iinkokeli zaseMelika zichithe iinyanga zexesha lokulungiselela. Ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo buthuntu kufike ngeendleko ezinkulu. Ukungaqeshwa kuye kwantinga ukuya kutsho kwi-14.7 ekhulwini, elona nqanaba liphakamileyo ukususela oko kwaqaliswayo ukugcinwa kwengxelo, ngowe-1948. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo, intlekele eyenzeka kwilizwe—ngokukhethekileyo nengekho ngqiqweni—edibanisa unyango nokuqeshwa. Abanye abasindileyo kwi-COVID-19 babethwe ngamatyala asixhenxe ezonyango. Embindini weyona ntlekele inkulu yezempilo nezoqoqosho kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, izigidi zabantu baseMelika baye bazifumanisa bekhutshiwe kukhathalelo lwezonyango kwaye bengamahlwempu. Bathelela izigidi ebezisoloko ziphila ngaloo ndlela.
I-coronavirus ifumene, yaxhatshazwa, yaza yandisa konke ukungalingani obekufuneka i-US ikunike. Abantu abadala, sele betyhalelwe kwimida yoluntu, ziphathwe njengelahleko eyamkelekileyo. Abasetyhini bekunokwenzeka ukuba baphulukane nemisebenzi kunamadoda, kwaye bakwathwele umthwalo owongezelelweyo wokhathalelo lwabantwana kunye nomsebenzi wasekhaya, ngelixa bejongene nokunyuka kwamazinga obundlobongela basekhaya. Kwisiqingatha samazwe, abantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo bajongene imigaqo-nkqubo eyabagrogrisa ngokubalela ukufikelela kwii-ventilators ezisindisa ubomi. Amawakawaka abantu anyamezele iinyanga ze-COVID-19 iimpawu ezifana nezo zezifo ezinganyangekiyo zasemva kwentsholongwane, kodwa baxelelwa ukuba iimpawu zabo ezitshabalalisayo zazisentloko. ILatinos yayinokwenzeka kathathu ukuba yosuleleke njengabantu abamhlophe. Abantu baseAsia baseMelika bajongana nokuxhatshazwa ngokobuhlanga. Kunokuba ube “ngokulingana okukhulu,” ubhubhane wawela ngokungafaniyo e-US, uthatha ithuba lokungabikho kokusesikweni obekuqhubeka kwimbali yesizwe.
I-coronavirus ifumene, yaxhatshazwa, yaza yandisa konke ukungalingani obekufuneka i-US ikunike.
Kwizigidi ezi-3.1 zabantu baseMelika abangakwaziyo ukufumana i-inshurensi yezempilo kumazwe apho iMedicaid ingandiswanga, abangaphezu kwesiqingatha ngabantu bebala, kwaye ama-30 ekhulwini ngabantu abaNtsundu.* Oku akuyongozi. Kumashumi eminyaka emva kweMfazwe yombango, iinkokeli ezimhlophe zangaphambili zithi zalubamba ngabom ukhathalelo lwempilo kubantu abamnyama baseMelika, Ukwaba amayeza ngakumbi ngokwengqiqo kaJim Crow kunoHippocrates. Bakha izibhedlele kude neendawo ezihlala abantu abaNtsundu, bahlula abaguli abaNtsundu ngamaphiko ahlukeneyo, kwaye bavala abafundi abaNtsundu kwisikolo sezonyango. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, baye bancedisa ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yaseMerika ye-inshorensi yabucala, esekelwe kumqeshi, eye yagcina abantu abaninzi abaNtsundu ekufumaneni unyango olwaneleyo. Bona ulwe zonke iinzame zokuphucula ukufikelela kwabantu abaNtsundu kukhathalelo lwempilo, ukususela ekudalweni kwe-Medicare kunye ne-Medicaid kwi-60s ukuya kwi-Affordable Care Act kwi-2010.
Inani lamazwe awayesakuba ngamakhoboka aphakathi kolona tyalo-mali lusezantsi kwimpilo yoluntu, owona mgangatho uphantsi wokhathalelo lwezonyango, owona mlinganiselo uphakamileyo wabemi abaNtsundu, kunye neyona ntlukwano inkulu yobuhlanga kwiziphumo zempilo. Njengoko ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wawusiya uqhubeka, babephakathi kwezona zinto zikhawulezayo ukuphakamisa izithintelo zokungena ekuhlaleni kwaye baphinde baveze abemi babo kwi-coronavirus. Ukwenzakala kwezi ntshukumo kwanyanzeliswa ngokungafanelekanga kumahlwempu nabaMnyama.
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, umntu omnye kwabangama-1,450 abantu abaNtsundu baseMelika usweleke kwi-COVID-19-inqanaba eliphindwe kabini kunabamhlophe baseMelika. Elo nani lilusizi kwaye lilindelwe ngokupheleleyo xa kujongwa intaphane yezinto ezingalunganga kwezonyango abantu abaNtsundu abajongene nazo. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abamhlophe, bafa bengaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu. Inani eliphindwe kathathu loomama abaMnyama basweleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Abantu abantsundu banamazinga aphezulu ezigulo ezingapheliyo ezibabeka phambili kwiimeko ezibulalayo ze-COVID-19. Xa besiya ezibhedlele, abafane banyangwe. Ukhathalelo abalufumanayo luthande ukuba buthathaka. Besazi oku kuthambekela ecaleni, abantu abaNtsundu bayathandabuza ukufuna uncedo kwiimpawu ze-COVID-19 emva koko. babonakale kwizibhedlele ezikwilizwe eligula kakhulu. “Esinye sezigulana zam sathi, ‘Andifuni ukuya esibhedlele, kuba abazukundiphatha kakuhle,’” utsho u-Uché Blackstock, ugqirha wonxunguphalo nomseki we-Advancing Health Equity, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo othe. ulwa ucalucalulo kunye nobuhlanga kukhathalelo lwempilo. “Omnye wandisebezela wathi, ‘Ndikhululeke kakhulu wena Mnyama. Ndifuna nje ukuqiniseka ukuba ndiyamanyelwa.’ ”
Abantu abantsundu babengabo bobabini Ndikhathazeke ngakumbi malunga nobhubhane kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba wosulelwe yiyo. Ukuchithwa komnatha wokhuseleko loluntu waseMelika kushiye abantu abaNtsundu umvuzo omncinci kunye nentswela-ngqesho ephezulu. Benza isabelo esingathandekiyo "sabasebenzi ababalulekileyo" abahlawulwa kancinci ebekulindeleke ukuba basebenze kwiivenkile ezithengisa ukutya kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla, ukucoca izakhiwo, kunye nokuhambisa iposi ngelixa ubhubhane ugquba ngakubo. Ukufumana umvuzo weyure ngaphandle kwekhefu lokugula elihlawulelwayo, babengenakukwazi ukuphosa iishifti nokuba kukho iimpawu. Baye bajongana nokuhamba okusemngciphekweni kwizithuthi zikawonke wonke ezixineneyo ngelixa abantu abanelungelo elingakumbi besebenza ngocingo bekhuselekile bebodwa. “Akukho nto ngobuMnyama ekwenza ukuba utyekele ngakumbi kwi-COVID,” utshilo uNicolette Louissaint, umlawuli olawulayo we-Healthcare Ready, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo osebenza ukomeleza amakhonkco obonelelo lwezonyango. Endaweni yoko, ukungalingani okukhoyo kubeka izinto ezingathandekiyo zixhasa intsholongwane.
Abemi bomthonyama baseMerika babesengozini efanayo. Isinye kwisithathu sabantu kwiSizwe samaNavajo asikwazi ukuhlamba izandla zabo ngokulula, kuba bebebandakanyeke ekuqhubeni ixesha elide. uthethathethwano ngamalungelo kumanzi kwimihlaba yabo. Abo banamanzi kufuneka balwe nokubaleka okuphuma kwimigodi ye-uranium. Uninzi lwabo luhlala kumakhaya axineneyo abantu abaninzi, kude nezibhedlele ezimbalwa ezibonelela ngenkonzo oziihektare ezili-17 lezigidi. Ukusukela phakathi kuMeyi, iSizwe saseNavajo sasinamazinga aphezulu osulelo lwe-COVID-19 kunalo naliphi na ilizwe lase-US.
Abantu baseMelika bahlala becinga ukungalingani kwembali njengokusilela komntu. UStephen Huffman, uSenator welizwe laseRiphabhlikhi kunye nogqirha eOhio, cetyiswa ukuba abantu abaNtsundu baseMelika banokutyekela ngakumbi kwi-COVID-19 kuba abazihlambi ngokwaneleyo izandla zabo, inkcazo awathi wacela uxolo ngayo. USenator waseRiphabhlikhi uBill Cassidy waseLouisiana, naye ugqirha, phawula ukuba abantu abaMnyama banamazinga aphezulu ezifo ezingapheliyo, ngokungathi le yimpendulo ngokwayo, ingeyiyo ipateni efuna ingcaciso eyongezelelekileyo.
Ukusasazwa okucacileyo kolwazi oluchanekileyo luphakathi kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuzikhusela ekusasazeni ubhubhane. Kwaye nangona kunjalo unxibelelwano olungalawulwayo, olusekwe kwimidiya yoluntu lwenkulungwane yama-21 phantse luqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olungeyonyani luya kwanda ngokukhawuleza. “Kulo lonke uqhushululu kulo lonke ubukho bemithombo yeendaba zentlalo, ukusuka eZika ukuya kwi-Ebola, abahlali abaqulunqa iyelenqe ngokukhawuleza basasaza umxholo wabo malunga nokuba kubangelwa njani ngurhulumente okanye inkampani yamayeza okanye iBill Gates,” utshilo uRenée DiResta weStanford Internet Observatory, efunda ukuhamba kolwazi lwe-intanethi. Ukufika kwe-COVID-19, "kwakungekho mathandabuzo engqondweni yam ukuba iyeza."
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iithiyori zeyelenqe ezikhoyo-uGeorge Soros! 5G! Izixhobo zebhayoloji!—zaphinda zasetyenziselwa lo bhubhani. I-infodemic yobuxoki isasazeka ecaleni kwentsholongwane yokwenene. Amarhe aqhutywa ngamaqonga e-intanethi akhoyo yenzelwe ukugcina abasebenzisi bebandakanyeka, kwanokuba oko kuthetha ukubondla umxholo ocalulayo okanye ongeyonyani. Kwintlekele yelizwe, xa abantu kufuneka benze ikonsathi, oku kuyintlekele. "I-intanethi yentlalontle njengenkqubo yaphukile," uDiResta undixelele, kwaye iimpazamo zayo zixhatshazwa ngokulula.
Ukuqala ngo-Ephreli 16, iqela likaDiResta laqaphela ukukhula incoko online malunga Judy Mikovits, umphandi ongagunyaziswanga wajika waba yintshatsheli echasene nogonyo. Iiposti kunye neevidiyo ziphose uMikovits njengomhlebi owabanga ukuba i-coronavirus entsha yenziwe elebhu kwaye yachaza u-Anthony Fauci we-White House's coronavirus task task njengentshaba yakhe. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le thiyori yelenqe yafakwa ngaphakathi kwiyelenqe elikhulu-inxalenye yephulo le-PR elicwangcisiweyo ngumlandeli we-anti-vaxxer kunye ne-QAnon ngenjongo ecacileyo "yokuthoba uAnthony Fauci." Ifikelele kuvuthondaba ngevidiyo eveliswe ngobuchule ebizwa Ubhubhane, eyakhutshwa ngoMeyi 4. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 bayibukele ngeveki.
Oogqirha kunye Iintatheli zazama ukuphikisa UbhubhaneAmabango amaninzi alahlekisayo, kodwa ezi nzame zisasazeke kancinane ngempumelelo kunevidiyo ngokwayo. Njengobhubhane, i-infodemics ikhawuleza ingalawuleki ngaphandle kokuba ibanjwe kwangoko. Kodwa nangona imibutho yezempilo iyibona imfuneko yokujonga izifo ezivelayo, ngelishwa ayikulungelanga ukwenza okufanayo kumayelenqe avelayo. Ngo-2016, xa i-DiResta yayithetha neqela le-CDC malunga nesoyikiso solwazi olungeyonyani, "impendulo yabo yaba: ' Inika umdla, kodwa zizinto nje ezenzeka kwi-intanethi.’ ”
Endaweni yokubala ulwazi olungeyonyani ngexesha lobhubhane, imithombo ethembekileyo yayidla ngokwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi. Iingcali ezininzi zempilo kunye namagosa karhulumente yasithoba isisongelo yentsholongwane ngoJanuwari nangoFebruwari, eqinisekisa uluntu ukuba ibeka umngcipheko ophantsi kwi-US kunye ukuzoba uthelekiso kwingozi enkulu yomkhuhlane. I-WHO, i-CDC, kunye nogqirha wotyando jikelele wase-US babongoze abantu ukuba banganxibi imaski, ngethemba lokugcina isitokhwe esilinganiselweyo sabasebenzi bezempilo. Le miyalezo yanikelwa ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okanye ukuvuma ukungaqiniseki, ngoko ke xa iguqulwe-intsholongwane imbi kunomkhuhlane; nxiba imask-utshintsho lwabonakala ngathi lubhadlile.
Amajelo eendaba afak’ isandla kulo mbhodamo. Ukutsalwa kwinto entsha, iintatheli zanika ioksijini kumda woqhanqalazo oluchasene nokuvalwa ngelixa uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bahlala ngokuzolileyo ekhaya. Babhale onke amabango enzululwazi anyukayo, nalawo angakhange aqinisekiswe okanye avavanywe ngoontanga.
Ayemaninzi amabango anjalo onokukhetha kuwo. Ngokubophelela ukuqhubela phambili kwekhondo lomsebenzi nokupapashwa kwamaphepha, izifundiswa sele ziyila inkuthazo kwizazinzulu ukuba zenze umsebenzi otsala umdla kodwa ongenakwenziwa kwakhona. Lo bhubhani womeleze ezo zinkuthazo ngokukhuthaza uphando olungxamisekileyo kunye nokuthembisa izazinzulu ezinamabhongo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngo-Matshi, uphononongo oluncinci noluneziphene zesiFrentshi lucebise ukuba ichiza le-antimalarial i-hydroxychloroquine inokunyanga i-COVID-19. Ipapashwe kwijenali encinci, inokuba yayingahoywa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Kodwa ngo-2020, yahamba indlela yayo kuDonald Trump ngekhonkco lokukholelwa eziquka iFox News, uElon Musk, kunye noGqr Oz. UTrump uchithe iinyanga ekhupha eli chiza njengonyango olungummangaliso nangona kukho ubungqina obuninzi ngokuchasene noko, okubangela ukunqongophala kwabantu ababeyidinga ngokwenene ukunyanga i-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis. Ibali le-hydroxychloroquine langcoliswa ngakumbi luphononongo olupapashwe kwijenali yezonyango ephezulu, ILancet, abathi iyeza alisebenzi kwaye linokuba yingozi. Iphepha lixhomekeke kwidatha ekrokrelwayo evela kwinkampani encinci yohlalutyo ebizwa ngokuba yiSurgisphere, kwaye yarhoxiswa ngoJuni.**
Inzululwazi idume ngokuzilungisa. Kodwa ngexesha lo bhubhani, isantya esifanayo esingxamisekileyo esiye savelisa ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngesantya serekhodi sikwathumele amabango angenamsebenzi kwihlabathi liphela ngaphambi kokuba nabani na aphakamise amashiya athandabuzayo. Ukubhideka okwalandelayo, kunye nezinto ezininzi zokwenyani ezingaziwayo malunga nale ntsholongwane, zenze uloyiko nokungaqiniseki, nto leyo abaxhaphakileyo abaye bafuna ukuyisebenzisa. Abarhwebi beoyile yenyoka bathengise iimbumbulu zesilivere ezingasebenziyo (kuquka isilivere yokwenene). Iingcali ze-Armchairabaneziqinisekiso ezinqabileyo okanye ezingekhoyo baye bafumana iindawo zokubeka rhoqo kwiindaba zasebusuku. Kwaye embindini woko kubhideka nguDonald Trump.
Ngexesha lobhubhane, iinkokeli kufuneka zihlanganise uluntu, zithethe inyani, kwaye zithethe ngokucacileyo nangokungaguquguqukiyo. Endaweni yoko, uTrump wayephikisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo neengcali zempilo yoluntu, abacebisi bakhe besayensi, naye ngokwakhe. Uye wathi "akukho mntu wakhe wacinga ukuba into efana [nobhubhane] inokwenzeka" kwaye waphinda wathi "yayiva ukuba sisibetho kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba kuthiwe sisibetho." Zombini ezi nkcazo azinakuba yinyani ngexesha elinye, kwaye enyanisweni azinanyani.
Kwinyanga ngaphambi kokumiselwa kwakhe, Ndibhale ukuba "umbuzo awungowokuba [uTrump] uza kujongana nesibetho esibulalayo ngexesha lobumongameli bakhe, kodwa nini." Ngokusekwe kwizenzo zakhe njengobuntu beendaba ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola ka-2014 kwaye njengomgqatswa kunyulo luka-2016, ndiye ndacebisa ukuba angaphumeleli kwidiplomacy, kufutshane nemida, i-tweet ngokukhawuleza, isasaze ithiyori yeyelenqe, ingazihoyi iingcali, kwaye ibonise ukuzithemba ngokungakhathali. . Wenjenjalo ke.
Akukho mntu ufanele othuke ukuba ixoki linayo wenza amabango angama-20,000 obuxoki okanye alahlekisayo ngexesha lobongameli bakhe angaxoka malunga nokuba i-US ibinobhubhane phantsi kolawulo; ukuba umntu onobuhlanga ozele ukuzala akanakwenza nto ingako ukunqanda intsholongwane eyayibulala ngokungenamlinganiselo abantu abaNtsundu; ukuba abantu basemzini abachophele ukusekwa kwamaziko amatsha okuvalela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe baya kuyalela ukuba iiplanti zokupakisha inyama ezinabasebenzi abaninzi basemzini zihlale zivulekile; ukuba indoda ekhohlakeleyo engenaluvelwano iya kusilela ukuzolisa abemi abanoloyiko; ukuba i-narcissist engenakukwazi ukumelana nokuphakanyiswa iyakwala ukugoba iqula elinzulu leengcali anazo; ukuba i-scion ye-nepotism iya kunika ulawulo lomkhosi we-coronavirus yesithunzi kumkhwenyana wakhe ongafanelanga; ukuba i-polymath ye-armchair ingabanga ukuba "inamandla endalo" kwezamayeza kwaye ibonise ngokuzibuza ngokuvakalayo malunga nonyango olunamandla lokutofa isibulali-ntsholongwane; ukuba umntu ozingcayo ongakwaziyo ukuvuma ukuba usilele angazama ukumphazamisa koyena mkhulu ngokugxeka iTshayina, abuyise imali kwi-WHO, aze akhuthaze amachiza angummangaliso; okanye umongameli okhuselweyo liqela lakhe kulo naluphi na uxanduva lokuphendula angatsho, xa ebuzwa ngokusilela kovavanyo, "Andithathi xanduva konke konke."
I-Trump yinto ehambelana nobhubhani we-COVID-19. Akanaxanduva kuphela kwi-fiasco yaseMelika, kodwa ungundoqo kuyo. Ubhubhani ufuna iinzame ezilungelelanisiweyo zeearhente ezininzi. “Kwezona meko zintle, kunzima ukwenza i-bureaucracy ihambe ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo uRon Klain. “Iyashukuma ukuba umongameli ume etafileni athi, ‘Hamba ngokukhawuleza.’ Kodwa yona ngempela akashukumi ukuba uhleli edesikeni yakhe esithi ayisiyonto inkulu.”
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobongameli bukaTrump, abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba amaziko aseMelika aya kujonga ukugqithisa kwakhe. Baye, ngokuyinxenye, kodwa UTrump naye ubonakalise. I-CDC kodwa lixhoba lakhe lamva nje. Nge-25 kaFebruwari, inkosi ye-arhente yezifo zokuphefumla, uNancy Messonnier, wothuse abantu ukuphakamisa amathuba okuvalwa kwezikolo kwaye besithi "ukuphazamiseka kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunokuba nzima." UTrump kuthiwa wayenomsindo. Ukuphendula, ubonakala ebeke ibhentshi yonke iarhente. I-CDC ikhokele kuyo yonke into ekuqhambuke kuyo isifo sasekhaya kwaye ibe yinkuthazo kunye nethemplethi yeearhente zempilo yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa ngeenyanga ezintathu xa abantu abazizigidi ezi-2 baseMelika bafumana ikhontrakthi ye-COVID-19 kwaye inani lababhubhileyo laya ngaphaya kwe-100,000, le arhente ayizange ibambe inkomfa enye yabezindaba. Yalo Izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha zokuvulwa kwakhona kwelizwe zabekwa eshelufini kangangenyanga ngelixa i-White House ikhupha isicwangciso sayo esingenamsebenzi esingacacanga.
Kwakhona, abantu baseMelika bemihla ngemihla benza okungaphezulu kwe-White House. Ngokuvuma ngokuzithandela kwiinyanga zokungena ekuhlaleni, bathenga ixesha lelizwe, ngeendleko ezinkulu kwimpilo yabo yezemali nengqondo. Ukuzincama kwabo beza nesivumelwano sentlalontle-sokuba urhulumente asebenzise ixesha elixabisekileyo ukudibanisa umzamo ongaqhelekanga, onamandla wokucinezela le ntsholongwane, njengoko kwenzayo eJamani naseSingapore. Kodwa urhulumente akazange akwenze oko, kwingxaki yeengcali zempilo. "Kukho iimeko embalini apho uluntu luye lwashukumisa ngokwenene iintaba ukuba zisoyise izifo ezosulelayo," utshilo uCaitlin Rivers, ugqirha wezifo zezifo kwiJohns Hopkins Centre for Health Security. "Kuyothusa ukuba thina e-US khange sibize amandla malunga ne-COVID-19."
Endaweni yoko, i-US yalala yangena kweyona meko imbi kakhulu: Abantu babandezeleke zizo zonke iziphumo eziphazamisayo zokuvalwa kweendawo ezinezibonelelo ezimbalwa. Uninzi lwamazwe luziva lunyanzelekile ukuba luvule kwakhona ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo olwaneleyo okanye iitrayisi zokunxibelelana. Ngo-Epreli nangoMeyi, ilizwe lalibambeke kwithafa elibi, eliphakathi kwama-20,000 ukuya kuma-30,000 amatyala amatsha yonke imihla. NgoJuni, eli thafa liphinde laba ngumthambeka onyukayo, unyukela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
UTrump akazange alwenze ilizwe. Ngaphandle kokuzibiza ngokuba “ngumongameli wexesha lemfazwe,” wayechophela imfazwe yenkcubeko, ejika impilo yoluntu yaba ngomnye umdlalo wezopolitiko. Exhaswe ngabaxhasi kumajelo eendaba alondolozayo, waqulunqa amanyathelo akhuselayo kwintsholongwane, ukusuka kwiimaski ukuya ekungeneni ekuhlaleni, njengenkululeko kunye ne-anti-American. Abaqhankqalazi abaxhobileyo abachasene nokuvalwa kwezakhiwo babonise kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente ngelixa uTrump ebakhuthaza, ebabongoza ukuba "BAKHULULE" eMinnesota, eMichigan naseVirginia. Amagosa ezempilo karhulumente aliqela bashiya imisebenzi yabo ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kunye nezisongelo.
Ayifane yenzeke into yokuba ezinye izizwe ezinamandla zonyula iinkokeli zabantu abaninzi-iBrazil, iRussia, iIndiya kunye ne-United Kingdom-nazo zaphambanisa impendulo yazo kwi-COVID-19. "Xa unabantu abanyuliweyo ngokusekwe ekujongeni phantsi ukuthenjwa ngurhulumente, kwenzeka ntoni xa ukuthenjwa kuyeyona nto uyidinga kakhulu?" utsho uSarah Dalglish weSikolo saseJohns Hopkins Bloomberg seMpilo yoLuntu, ophonononga imiba yezopolitiko yezempilo.
“UTrump ngumongameli,” utshilo. “Ingahamba kakuhle njani?”
amazwe aqhuba ngcono ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 awazange alandele incwadi yokudlala yehlabathi. Uninzi lwasebenzisa iimaski ngokubanzi; INew Zealand ayizange. Abaninzi bavavanya kakhulu; IJapan ayizange. Abaninzi babeneenkokeli ezithanda inzululwazi ezathatha amanyathelo kwangethuba; IHong Kong ayizange- endaweni yoko, umbutho wabantu abaphantsi ubuyekeze urhulumente oyekelelayo. Uninzi yayiziziqithi ezincinane; hayi enkulu kunye nelizwekazi laseJamani. Isizwe ngasinye saphumelela kuba sasisenza izinto ezaneleyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngelo xesha, iUnited States ayizange iqhube kakuhle kuyo yonke ibhodi, kwaye iimpazamo zayo zanda. Ukunqongophala kovavanyo kuvumele iimeko ezingaqinisekanga ukuba zidale iimeko ezingakumbi, ezikhukulise izibhedlele, eziphelelwe ziimaski, eziyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane. I-Twitter yandisa imiyalezo elahlekisayo kaTrump, eyaphakamisa uloyiko kunye nokuxhalaba phakathi kwabantu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni bachithe ixesha elininzi bekhangela ulwazi kuTwitter. Kwaneengcali zempilo ezinamava azithatheli phantsi ezi ngozi zixakileyo. Ewe, ukuba noTrump kulawulo ngexesha lobhubhani kwakukhathaza, kodwa kwakulinga ukucinga ukuba ubutyebi belizwe kunye nokuphakama kwetekhnoloji kungasindisa iMelika. “Sililizwe elityebileyo, kwaye sicinga ukuba singasiphelisa nasiphi na isifo esosulelayo ngenxa yoko,” utshilo uMichael Osterholm, umlawuli weZiko loPhando lweSifo esosulelayo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota. Kodwa amatyala eedola ewodwa awafani nentsholongwane.
Iingcali zempilo yoluntu zithetha ngokudinwa malunga nomjikelo wokungakhathali, apho uqhambuko lubangela amaza engqalelo kunye nenkxaso-mali ephela ngokukhawuleza xa izifo ziphela. Ngeli xesha, i-U.S sele ukudlala ngothando ngokungahoywa, ngaphambi kokuba kuphele isigaba soloyiko. Intsholongwane ayizange ibethwe entwasahlobo, kodwa abantu abaninzi, kuquka uTrump, bazenze ngathi kunjalo. Wonke urhulumente waphinda wavulwa ngokwemigangatho eyahluka-hlukeneyo, kwaye abaninzi emva koko babona amanani arekhodiweyo amatyala. Emva kokuba iimeko zase-Arizona ziqale ukunyuka kakhulu ekupheleni kukaMeyi, uCara Christ, umlawuli wesebe lezempilo, uthe, “Asizukwazi ukunqanda ukusasazeka. Ke ngoko asinakuyeka ukuphila. ” Intsholongwane isenokufuna ukwahluka.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu baseMelika baye babonakala ngathi banikezela ngokudibeneyo kwi-COVID-19. Umsebenzi we-White House we-coronavirus wehla. UTrump uqalise kwakhona ukubamba iindibano, kwaye wabiza Ngaphantsi uvavanyo, ukuze amanani asemthethweni abe rosier. Ilizwe liziphathe njengomlingisi wefilimu eyoyikisayo okholelwa ukuba ingozi iphelile, nangona i-monster isekhona. Ukulinda ixesha elide isitofu sokugonya kuya kufikelela kuvuthondaba ngendlela eqikelelwayo: Abantu abaninzi baseMelika bayakwala ukuyifumana, kwaye phakathi kwabo bayifunayo, abona basengozini baya kuba ngabokugqibela emgceni.
Sekunjalo, kukho isizathu sokuba nethemba. Uninzi lwabantu endibenze udliwanondlebe nabo bacebise ukuba isidubedube esenziwe yi-COVID-19 sinokuba sikhulu kangangokuba sitshintshe ngokusisigxina isimo selizwe. Amava, emva koko, alola ingqondo. Amazwe aseMpuma Asia awayephila kwindyikityha ye-SARS kunye ne-MERS aphendule ngokukhawuleza xa esongelwa yi-SARS-CoV-2, ekhuthazwa yinkumbulo yenkcubeko yento enokwenziwa yi-coronavirus ehamba ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa i-US yayingekachukunyiswa ngobhubhani omkhulu kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo (ngaphandle komkhuhlane we-H1N1). Ngo-2019, abantu baseMelika abaninzi babenexhala malunga nabanqolobi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunokuqhambuka kwezifo ezingaqhelekanga. Mhlawumbi baya kuphuma kolu bhubhani bengakhuselekanga kwiselula nakwinkcubeko.
Kukho nemiqondiso embalwa yokuba abantu baseMelika bafunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo. Uphononongo lukaJuni lubonise ukuba ama-60 ukuya kuma-75 epesenti abantu baseMelika bebesaziqhelanisa nentlalontle. Kukho umsantsa okhoyo, kodwa ucuthekile. UBeth Redbird, isazi ngezentlalo kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern University, nowayekhokela kolu hlolisiso uthi: “Kuvoto lwezimvo zikawonke-wonke eUnited States, ukuvumelana kwabantu kwiminyaka engama-60 kuyo nantoni na kuyimpumelelo emangalisayo. Ii-Polls ngoMeyi nazo zibonise ukuba uninzi lweeDemokhrasi kunye namaRiphabhlikhi axhasa ukunxiba imaski, kwaye kwavakala ukuba kunyanzelekile ubuncinane kwiindawo ezithile zangaphakathi. Kuphantse kube yinto engavakaliyo ukuba umlinganiselo wezempilo kawonke-wonke usuke ku-zero ukuya kwisininzi sokwamkelwa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sonyaka. Kodwa ubhubhane ziimeko ezinqabileyo xa “abantu befuna izikhokelo nemithetho,” utshilo uZoë McLaren, unjingalwazi wezempilo kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland eBaltimore County. Uthi oyena mzekeliso usondeleyo kukukhulelwa, “ixesha apho ubomi babasetyhini buyatshintsha, kwaye banokufunxa itoni yolwazi. Ubhubhani uyafana: Abantu ngokwenene banikela ingqalelo, kwaye bayafunda. ”
Uphononongo lukaRedbird lucebisa ukuba abantu baseMelika ngokwenene bafuna imithombo emitsha yolwazi-kwaye abathengi beendaba abavela kwiindawo ezigcinayo, ngakumbi, bandise ukutya kwabo kwimithombo yeendaba. Abantu bazo zonke iimeko zezopolitiko baye bangonelisekanga ngakumbi kulawulo lukaTrump. Njengoko uqoqosho lwehla, inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo iye isiba buthathaka, kwaye urhulumente waphoxeka, inkolelo yobungangamsha baseMelika yehla. “Amaxesha ophazamiseko olukhulu ekuhlaleni abuza izinto esicinga ukuba ziqhelekile kwaye zisemgangathweni,” undixelele uRedbird. "Ukuba amaziko ethu ayasilela apha, asilela ngaziphi iindlela kwenye indawo?" Yaye ngoobani abasilela kakhulu?
Abantu baseMelika babekwimo yenguqu yenkqubo. Ke, nge-25 kaMeyi, uGeorge Floyd, owayesinde kuhlaselo lwe-COVID-19 kwindlela yakhe yomoya, waphefumla phantsi koxinzelelo lwedolo lepolisa. Ividiyo ebuhlungu yokubulawa kwakhe isasazeke kuluntu olwalusaxhalabile ngenxa yokubhubha kukaBreonna Taylor kunye no-Ahmaud Arbery, kunye nokwenzakala okungalinganiyo kwi-COVID-19. I-Amerika ikhula ngokukrakra yasuka yaba ngamathumba, yaphalala ezitratweni zayo.
Bedelela kwaye benxibe imaski ubukhulu becala, abaqhankqalazi baye baphuma kwizixeko needolophu ezingaphezu kwe-2,000. Inkxaso yoMba woBomi abaNtsundu yanda: Okokuqala ngqa ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-2013, lo mbutho wavunywa uninzi lwamaqela eentlanga. Olu qhankqalazo lwalungelulo bhubhani, kodwa abaqhankqalazi babexhaswe ziinyanga zokunganyaniseki kukarhulumente. Kwanabantu ababekhe bangabunanzi ubungqina benkohlakalo yamapolisa baye babona elinye iziko eliqhekekileyo. Zazingasakwazi ukujonga kude.
Kunzima ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ezona ngxaki zinkulu kwixesha lethu. Iindyikitya zokufa, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuphela kwesithandathu kwezilwanyana zasendle, ukunqongophala kokutya namanzi—ummandla wazo ungokwezijikelezi-langa, yaye imida yazo yongamela. Noko ke, akukho nto sinokuyenza ngaphandle kokuba silwe nazo. Ngoku icace gca into eyenzekayo xa iintlekele zehlabathi zingqubana nokungakhathali kwembali.
I-COVID-19 luhlaselo kumzimba waseMelika, kunye novavanyo lwezimvo ezenza inkcubeko yawo iphile. Ukuchacha kuyenzeka, kodwa kufuna ukujongwa ngokugqibeleleyo. IMelika ibiya kuba bubulumko ukunceda umva ukonakala kwendalo, inkqubo eqhubeka ikhusela izifo zezilwanyana emizimbeni yabantu. Ifanele izabalazele ukuthintela ukugula endaweni yokwenza ingeniso kuko. Ifanele yakhe inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo exabisa ukomelela ngaphezu kobuchule obuncinane, kunye nenkqubo yolwazi ethanda ukukhanya kunobushushu. Kufuneka iphinde yakhe izivumelwano zayo zamazwe ngamazwe, umnatha wayo wokhuseleko loluntu, kunye nokuthembela kwayo kwi-empiricism. Kufuneka ijongane nokungalingani kwezempilo okuvela kwimbali yayo. Okuncinci, kufuneka inyule iinkokeli ezinengqiqo evakalayo, izimilo eziphakamileyo, kunye nentlonipho yesayensi, ingqiqo kunye nengqiqo.
Lo bhubhani ube yintlekele kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho. I-etymology yayo inika umkhondo malunga nokuba yintoni esemngciphekweni kweyona mingeni mikhulu yexesha elizayo, kwaye yintoni efunekayo ukuyilungisa. Isifo esikho elizweni jikelele. ipani kwaye Demos. Bonke abantu.
U-Ed Yong ngumbhali wabasebenzi eThe Atlantic, apho ajongana nenzululwazi. IAtlantiki yenza ugutyulo olubalulekileyo lwe-coronavirus lufumaneke kubo bonke abafundi. Fumana ingqokelela Apha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela