Uvavanyo Lokunika Iikhangaru Igama Elibi
Njengoko amajelo eendaba alawulayo e-US eqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu welizwe uya kwazi nje phambi konyulo lwengqungquthela ephakathi apha, uSaddam Hussein wagwetywa ngolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu nge-5 kaNovemba ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kwamadoda angama-148 angamaShia e-al. Ilali yaseDujail emva kokungaphumeleli ukuzama ukubulala apho ngo-1982. INkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho ePhakamileyo yase-Iraq (iNkundla eHanging) yagweba intambo ngokuxhonywa, ngokuxhomekeke kwisibheno eso esizenzekelayo kunye ne-pro forma. Ayizukumsindisa kwintamo ebuhlungu kakhulu nje ukuba ulawulo lukaBush lunelizwi lokugqibela, elenzayo nangona umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okanye nayiphi na into edlulayo kuyo e-Iraq apho umthetho uyintoni na umhlali wase-US. Isigwebo kufuneka siqhutywe phakathi kweentsuku ze-30 emva kokuba zonke izibheno ziphelile kwaye isigwebo sokufa sivunywe ngumongameli we-Iraq kunye noomongameli ababini abangenalo igunya kwaye bathathe imiyalelo yabo kwi-ambassador yase-US kunye ne-proconsul uZalmay Khalilzad othatha imiyalelo yakhe eWashington. .
Ngelixa abambalwa abakhohlakeleyo bafaneleke ngakumbi kunendoda ebizwa ngokuba nguButcher waseBaghdad ngayo nayiphi na ikamva elinokumehlela, akufuneki nokuba umntu owayesakuba nguzwilakhe โkwinqanaba lakheโ aphendule ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe phambi kwenkundla engekho mthethweni esekwe ligunya elingenawo. igunya phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Inyaniso yokuba ityala liqhube ngale ndlela ligunyazise yonke inkqubo yenkundla kwaye emehlweni oonomthetho abazimeleyo yenza ukuba isigwebo sibe lilize kwaye singahoywa.
Le nkqubo bekufanele ukuba yenzeke kwindawo ekukuphela kwayo ezimeleyo eyenzelwe le njongo - iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICC) eHague eyasekwa nguMthetho waseRome ka-1998 owafumana igunya lokuchophela amatyala ngo-2002. Le nkundla yinkundla esisigxina. yenzelwe ukutshutshisa abantu ngamatyala emfazwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini kunye nokubulala uhlanga njengoko kuchaziwe phantsi kweTshatha yaseNuremberg ka-1945. USaddam akazange athunyelwe apho ngenxa yokuba ukumvumela ukuba avavanye ngokusemthethweni kwakusenokubonisa ukuba netyala lolawulo lwase-US kunye neNtshona kulwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe. kananjalo baye babakhanyela ulawulo lukaBush ukuba bakwazi ukuba nolingo lomboniso ebelufuna kwaye ingelulo olunobulungisa ngokwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezithethe.
Ifumene yonke loo nto nangaphezulu. "Ityala" lenyanga yeshumi elinanye laqala ngo-Okthobha, ka-2005 kwaye laqukunjelwa ngoJulayi odlulileyo kunye nesigwebo esilibaziseke xa sinokuthi sisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kulawulo olusengxakini enkulu kunye nolonyulo lwengqungquthela yekota. Iiyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo phambi kwabo zabonakala malunga nokuma okufanelekileyo. Yonke imveliso ekhokelela kwincopho ye-5 kaNovemba yayiyimidlalo yeqonga, eyenzelwe-i-US-umabonwakude i-extravaganza kunye ne-sham kwasekuqaleni, ukuya kuthi ga kwiqonga lemidlalo yeqonga ezitratweni emva kwesigwebo esibhengeziweyo iikhamera zeTV zenzekile ukuba zikho njengoko zinjalo. kwakuxa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaSaddam e-Baghdad's Firdos Square wabhukuqwa kubabukeli bakamabonwakude ababecwangciselwe ngaphambili ukuba be-US-ngoAprili 9, 2003 kunye nesiganeko "esiyisihlwele" "samashumi" ukuze sibukele kwaye sichwayite. โฆโฆ.njengokuba yenziwa kwiqonga lesandi laseHollywood.
I-SICT yasekwa, ixhaswe ngemali kwaye ilawulwa ukusuka eWashington kunye neejaji ezivunywe yi-US kunye neqela lamagqwetha aseMelika asebenza ngaphandle kwe-Embassy yase-US kwi-Green Zone elungiselela ityala kunye nokuqondisa yonke inkqubo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Yayilityala eliqhelekileyo lobulungisa bomoyisi kwimboniselo epheleleyo eqinisekisa nokuba sisiphi na isiphumo ubulungisa abusoze bunikezelwe nakwindoda efana noSaddam. Kwakungenjalo. Ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya esiphelweni, ibiyisekisi yolingo yomboniso ephawuleka kakhulu kwisigama se โdown underโ marsupial (egama layo elilingo lihlatywayo) eyaziwa ngokuba neentloni kwaye ithatha umhlala-phantsi ngokwendalo kwaye ayinabungozi ebantwini ngaphandle kokuba iyacatshukiswa. Isigwebo esinikwe eWashington kwaye sabhengezwa yi-SICT ye-Baghdad ngoNovemba 5 sixhokonxa bonke abantu abanezazela abafuna ubulungisa ngokomthetho womthetho, kungekhona uphawu lwayo oluqhutyelwa ngaphandle kweBush White House kunye nePentagon kule mihla.
Yonke le nkqubo yayineziphene, ingalunganga kwaye ingekho mthethweni ngokwenyani ngokwemigangatho yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Yaphula i-UN Resolution 1483 eyayifuna ukuba uMmeli oKhethekileyo kaNobhala Jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo eIraq abe noxanduva โlokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantuโ kwelo lizwe. Akazange. Nomphathi wakhe, uKofi Annan, akazange athabathe naliphi na inyathelo lokubaqinisekisa okanye athethe ngokuphandle nxamnye nokwaphulwa komthetho awakubonayo, nto leyo eyayibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uyasityeshela isifungo awasifungayo esithi: โUkusindisa izizukulwana ezilandelayo kwisibetho semfazwe; ukuqinisekisa ukholo kumalungelo oluntu angundoqo; ukuseka iimeko (ukukhuthaza) ubulungisaโฆ.amalungelo alinganayo amadoda nabafazi (kuzo zonke izizwe)โฆ.(intlonipho
ukwenzela) umthetho wamazwe ngamazweโฆ.ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yentlalontleโฆ.ukuqinisekisaโฆ.umkhosi oxhobileyo awuyi kusetyenziswa.โ U-Kofi Annan, ummeli wakhe kunye nequmrhu leZizwe eziManyeneyo abalisebenzelayo basilela kuwo onke amatyala okuvumela ukuba kuqhutywe ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuxoxwa kwetyala lika-Saddam ukuba liqhubeke ngaphandle kokukhalaza.
Ityala ngokwalo laphula phantse onke amalungiselelo akwiNqaku le-14 loMnqophiso weZizwe ngeZizwe wamaLungelo oLuntu nawePolitiko. Intshayelelo yayo icaphula iTshatha yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ebophelela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye neSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oLuntu esithi โinkululeko yoluntu neyezopolitikoโฆ.inokufezekiswa kuphela (ukuba) wonke umntu angawonwabela amalungelo akhe oluntu nawezopolitiko (kwaye lunyanzeliso) lweMibuso phantsi kwayo. uMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo wokukhuthazaโฆ.amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko.โ I-US lelinye lamazwe anyanzelekileyo.
Inqaku le-14 lichaza ngokuchanekileyo amalungelo omtyholwa apho bonke abasayinileyo kwi-UN Charter banyanzelekile ukuba bawaqwalasele phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kulingo lukaSaddam Hussein, i-US yasilela phantse kuyo yonke imilinganiselo kwaye ibhentsisiwe kwaye igwetyiwe emehlweni ehlabathi elikhululekileyo ngenxa yokungakwenzi oko.
โ IGatya loku-1 phantsi kweSiqendu 14 lithi โBonke abantu baya kulingana phambi kweenkundla namatyala (kwaye) wonke umntu uya kuba nelungelo lengxoxo yengxoxo ngobulungisa neyoluntu yinkundla efanelekileyo, ezimeleyo nengenamkhethe esekwe ngumthetho.โ Ulawulo lukaBush lwalulaphula ngokupheleleyo eli lungiselelo.
โ ISibonelelo sesi-2 siqinisekisa โWonke umntu omangalelwe ngolwaphulo-mthethoโฆ.ilungelo lokuthathwa njengomntu ongenatyala ade abe ufunyenwe enetyala ngokomthetho.โ USaddam wafunyaniswa enetyala ngethuba uGeorge Bush etyikitya ukuya emfazweni, ehlasela kwaye ehlala e-Iraq.
โ Isibonelelo sesi-3 siqinisekisa ummangalelwa oku kulandelayo
amalungelo:
โ Ukuxelelwa ngokucacileyo nangokukhawulezileyo โuhlobo nesizathu sesimangalo abekwa sona.โ
- "Ukuba nexesha elaneleyo kunye nezixhobo (ukulungiselela) ukuzikhusela kunye nokunxibelelana nengcebiso ayikhethileyo."
โ โUkuchotshelwa ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungafanelekanga.โ
- "Ukuxoxwa kwetyala phambi kwakhe, kwaye azikhusele ngokwakhe okanye ngoncedo lwezomthetho ngokukhetha kwakhe ...."
โ โUkuhlolisisa, okanye ukuhlolisisa, amangqina nxamnye naye (kunye nabo) egameni lakhe (phantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo).โ
โ Ukuba netoliki xa kuyimfuneko.
โ โAkanyanzelwa ukuba angqine ngokwakhe okanye avume ityala.โ
Umhlali wase-US wala u-Saddam ilungelo lakhe elisemthethweni lokuzikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezinto ezininzi ezichazwe ngasentla.
- Isibonelelo sesi-4 sibhekiselele kulutsha kwaye aluzange lubandakanyeke kwityala.
โ ISibonelelo sesi-5 siqinisekisa โWonke umntu obanjelwe ulwaphulo-mthethoโฆ.ilungelo lokugwetyelwa kwakhe nesigwebo siqwalaselwe yinkundla ephakamileyoโฆ.โ Ukuhanahanisa kwenkqubo yophononongo okwenzekayo ukusuka apha kuqinisekisa kuphela ukuqhubeka komboniso wovavanyo lwethiyetha ukuba inkqubo yenziwe esidlangalaleni. Ukuba akunjalo, iya kuba sisigwebo sokugqibela esenziwe-kwi-Washington pro forma yokugqibela ejingayo kumabonwakude, nokuba imifanekiso kaSaddam entanjeni ayiboniswanga kubaphulaphuli base-US.
โ ISibonelelo sesi-6 sibhekiselele kwabo bagwetywe ngokungekho mthethweni banelungelo lembuyekezo efanelekileyo. Nokuba yayiyintoni na amatyala kaSaddam, kwaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba wenze uninzi, into awabanjelwa yona ngoNovemba 5 ayinakuze ibambelele kwinkundla yokwenyani. Ulawulo lukaBush alunakuze lumhlawule umonakalo, ukuba luyalelwe njalo, kanye njengokuba ulawulo lweReagan lusityeshele isigwebo seNkundla yeHlabathi ngokuchasene nalo ngo-1987 ukuhlawula iNicaragua i-17 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngelahleko elafunyanwa lilizwe lobunqolobi base-US ngexesha lemfazwe yeContra iminyaka. ngeminyaka yee-1980. I-Hegemons ayinakuze ihlawule ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabo. Benza ukuba amaxhoba abo ahlawule.
โ Isibonelelo sesi-7 siqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu uya kujongana nemingcipheko ephindiweyo. Oku akukaveli kwiinkqubo eziqhubekayo, kodwa okoko nje olu vavanyo luqhubeka, umba "wengozi" awukho etafileni, kwaye igunya lase-US liya kwenza ngokuthanda njengoko liyenzile. ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Phantse yonke imigangatho eyamkelekileyo yomthetho, ulawulo lukaBush aluphumelelanga ukuthobela la malungiselelo angentla. Ichithe i-75 yezigidi zeerandi (eyamkelwe yiPentagon kunye neSebe leSizwe) ekutshutshisweni okubandakanya "igumbi lenkundla" elikhethekileyo elalifana neqonga lesandi saseHollywood kunenkundla yomthetho. Oko kuthelekiswa nobuncwane obuncinci bamagqwetha akhusela amavolontiya anabo. Amagqwetha kaSaddam acela ilungelo lokutyelela umxhasi wawo ukususela ngoDisemba, ka-2003 xa wayebanjwa kodwa akazange avunyelwe ukuba akwenze oko kunye nokuba nothethwano olwaneleyo noluyimfihlo olubalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni ukuzithethelela. Akukho kutyelelwa kweziphumo kuvunyelweyo ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, yaye, ngakunye kwavunyelwa emva koko, amagosa aseUnited States aye afuna ilungelo lokufunda zonke izinto eziziswe kwigumbi lokutyelela. Oku kwaphula ubumfihlo bomxhasi wegqwetha njengoko kwenza esweni e-US kuzo zonke iintlanganiso ngokuvakalayo nangokubonakalayo. Abazithethelela bakwalelwa ukufikelela kubungqina obuza kusetyenziswa kweli tyala, kumatyala ophando aphambi kwalo, nasiphi na isaziso samangqina umtshutshisi ocetyelwe ukuwabiza, kunye nelungelo lokutyelela indawo yesityholo solwaphulo-mthetho ukufumana ubungqina obuluncedo apho.
Emva kokuba ityala liqalile, i-US yenza kwaye yaphula yonke imithetho yenkqubo efanelekileyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ichazwe ngasentla. Liye lashenxisa iijaji ezine kwezintlanu ebezichotshelwe kweli tyala ngoxa ijaji eyintloko eyayichophele elo tyala kwenye inxalenye yalo yarhoxa ngenxa yokukhalazela ukubandakanyeka kukarhulumente kwiingxoxo. Kungekudala emva koko amagqwetha amabini akhuselayo abulawa ngenxa yokuba ayengakhuselwanga ngokufanelekileyo nangona esazi ukuba basesichengeni sokumela โumxhasiโ onempikiswano. Kamva owesithathu wehlelwa yinto efanayo. Emva koko kwabulawa ingqina elikhuselayo. Ezi ntlobo zezinto eziqhubekayo kwi-inquisition phantsi kobulungisa be-"banana republic". Ukuba idlalwe kwi Broadway, kuya kuthiwa i-farce, kodwa kwenzeka ngokungekho mthethweni inkundla Baghdad nqanaba-elawulwa ngaphandle Washington kunye Green Zone US Embassy, โโyintlekele ubomi bokwenyani nkqu umntu notorious njengoko Saddam.
Kwisenzo sokuqukumbela sokuzigwagwisa nokuchasa, ijaji yamva nje exhonyiweyo yase-US yamgxotha owayesakuba liGqwetha Jikelele laseMelika kwaye yaqaphela umkhuseli wamalungelo oluntu uRamsey Clark owayesebenza njengelinye lamagqwetha angamavolontiya kaSaddam - ezama kodwa esilela ukuqinisekisa ukuba unikiwe. inkqubo efanele. UClark yingcaphephe yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye wayengumgxeki ongqongqo wale nkqubo kwasekuqaleni. Ukugxothwa kwakhe ngaphandle kwetyala kwenzeke emva kokunika ijaji imemorandam ebiza ityala ngokunyhashwa kobulungisa. UJaji uRaud Abdel Rahman uphendule ngendlela yakhe esithi โMkhuphe eholweni. Uvela eMelika eze kuhlekisa ngabantu baseIraq kwaye ahlekise inkundla. "
Ijaji ayikhange ichaze ukuba yena kunye nabaphathi bakhe base-US bahlekisa kwaye bangcolisa yonke imigangatho efanelekileyo yomthetho ngoku eqhubeka kwinqanaba elilandelayo labaphulaphuli base-US, kunjalo. U-Saddam okwangoku uxoxwa yinkundla enye kunye nabanye abathandathu ngezityholo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nababizwa ngokuba yi-Anfal Kurdish abambalwa abaphantsi kokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nolunye uhlobo lokuxhatshazwa ngo-1988. ukucudisa yonke into yobungxowankulu bezopolitiko kule ndoda phambi kokuba bavumele ukujijeka emoyeni kwaye balibale. Ihlabathi alinakuze likulibale ukunyhwalashwa kokusesikweni okwenzeka kuloo nkundla yayibizwa ngokuba yinkundla yaseBaghdad eyabonisa ihlabathi ukuba ngoobani izaphuli-mthetho zokwenene ababefanele ukuba babephambili kwizibuko lokusesikweni kodwa abasayi kuze babe kwihlabathi elilawulwa nguloyiso. ubulungisa.
UStephen Lendman uhlala eChicago kwaye unokufikelelwa kuyo [imeyile ikhuselwe]. Kwakhona tyelela indawo yakhe yeblogi ku-sjlendman.blogspot.com.
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Nikela