I-Horizon yeSocialist
Yeyiphi enye indlela yethu? Neal Meyer kutshanje ichazwe yedemokhrasi socialism ngokufutshane kwisiqwenga samva nje Jacobin, besithi โsifuna ukwakha ihlabathi apho wonkโ ubani enelungelo lokufumana ukutya, inyameko yezempilo, ikhaya elisemgangathweni, imfundo etyebisayo, nomsebenzi womanyano ohlawula kakuhle. Sicinga ukuba olu hlobo lokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho luyimfuneko ukuze abantu baphile ubomi obutyebileyo kunye nokuyila-kwaye bakhululeke ngokwenene. "
Le nkcazo iphinda inikwe mva nje nguAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez kwi Ixesha eliPhambili:
Oko [ubusoshiyali bedemokhrasi] kuthetha kum kukhathalelo lwempilo njengelungelo lomntu, oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umntwana kungakhathaliseki ukuba uzalelwa phi na ufanele afikelele kwikholeji okanye imfundo yesikolo sorhwebo ukuba uyayikhetha. Ndicinga ukuba akukho mntu ufanele ukungabi namakhaya ukuba sinezakhiwo zoluntu okanye umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ukuvumela ukuba abantu babe namakhaya kunye nokutya kwaye baphile ubomi obunesidima e-United States.
Ngelixa olu tshintsho lubalulekile ekulweni inkxwaleko esijongene nayo phantsi kongxowankulu, ibeka umngcipheko wokuthelekisa isoshiyali kunye nenkululeko yentlalontle okanye idemokhrasi yezentlalo. Kodwa ezi zinto azifani.
Ukuze siyiqonde kakuhle into yokuba usoshiyali buyintoni na, kufuneka siqwalasele imibuzo emibini eyahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, yiyiphi imigaqo nemilinganiselo efanele ikhuthaze naliphi na ibutho elilungileyo? Kwaye okwesibini, zeziphi iintlobo zamaziko kunye namalungiselelo oluntu afaneleke kakhulu ukukhuthaza ezo zithethe?
Okokuqala ngumgaqo wokulingana kwamathuba. Amathuba ebomini kunye nokukwazi ukuchuma kufuneka afumaneke ngokulinganayo kuye wonke umntu. Kwiimeko zobungxowankulu zokuzalwa, ithamsanqa, okanye omnye umgangatho wokuzalwa udla ngokumisela indlela abantu abaqhuba kakuhle ngayo ebominiโ ingeyiyo imizamo yomntu yodwa. Ukusasazwa kwezinto ezininzi - kwanezona mfuno zisisiseko ezifana nokutya, indawo yokuhlala, impilo, kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu abadala - kuxhomekeke kumandla abantu okuhlawula.
Kodwa amasoshiyali akholelwa ukuba wonke umntu, nokuba zithini na ezo meko, ufanelwe kukuphumelela. Iimpahla zifanele zabiwe ngokweemfuno, kungekhona ukukwazi ukuhlawula.
Okwesibini, umgaqo womanyano. AmaSoshiyali akholelwa ekubeni abantu bafanele ukukhathalelana nokukhathalelana. Iimarike zongxowankulu, kwelinye icala, ziyahlula. Sicinga ukuba umgaqo wobumbano kufuneka ube ngundoqo walo naluphi na uluntu olulungileyo. Umbono wobusoshiyali wenkululeko ngowokuba amaziko ethu asinceda sikhathalelene kwaye siphathane.
Le yimigaqo esisiseko ekufuneka ikhokele uluntu ngokubanzi - abantu kufuneka babe nokudubula okulinganayo ekufezekiseni iinjongo zabo kunye namaphupha abo, kwaye kufuneka sikhathalelene. Ngale ndlela, isoshiyali imalunga neziphumo. Ubungxowankulu abupheleli nje ekusileleni ukuvelisa ezi ziphumo - ngumqobo wabo oyintloko.
Kwi-capitalism, amandla ezoqoqosho abonakala ahluliwe kumandla ezopolitiko. Amandla ezoqoqosho afunyanwa ngokuba nezinto ezinemveliso avumela oongxowankulu ukuba babe zizityebi ngelixa begcina imivuzo yabasebenzi iphantsi kangangoko, bagqibe ngento eveliswayo ngaphandle kwegalelo ledemokhrasi kulo lonke uluntu, bafihle imiba eyingozi yeemveliso zabo, kwaye banyanzelise iindleko eziyingozi ukwenza ishishini (โnegative externalitiesโ) kuthi sonke. Oongxowankulu bathi konke oku kuyathetheleleka kuba โyipropathi yabo.โ
Ubusoshiyali bujolise ekuhlaliseni elo gunya. Oongxowankulu akufuneki bakwazi ukubamba onke laa mandla kunye nefuthe kuluntu lonke - ayinademokhrasi kwaye ayinabulungisa.
Kodwa oososhiyali abafuni nje ukutshintsha ubunini babucala ngobunini bakarhulumente. Kwangokunjalo asikholelwa ukuba oongxowankulu bafanele ukuba nolawulo olungalinganiyo kwimithombo yoqoqosho, asicingi ukuba amagosa karhulumente angaphenduliyo kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni kufuneka abe namandla okulawula utyalo-mali nemveliso ngokusebenzisa โisoshiyali evela phezulu.โ Kwezinye iimeko, njengaleyo yayisakuba yiSoviet Union, iintsilelo zale nkqubo ziphantse zibe nzulu njengezo zobukapitali ngokwabo.
Eyona njongo yobusoshiyali ayikokuba urhulumente afumane ulawulo kushishino, kodwa kukuxhobisa inyambalala yabantu - kwiindawo abasebenza kuzo, kwiindawo abahlala kuzo, emakhayeni abo, ezikolweni zabo, kwezopolitiko zabo - ukuba babe kwisihlalo sokuqhuba uluntu.
Nkqu kumazwe Nordic, apho amanqanaba aphezulu obunini bakarhulumente zidityaniswe nedemokhrasi yezopolitiko kunye nomgangatho ophakamileyo wokuphila, i-socialism ikude kakhulu. Ukwenza ubomi babantu bube bhetele ngokwezinto eziphathekayo akwanele. Akwanelanga ukufakela umelo lwabasebenzi. Olu tshintsho luya kwamkeleka, kodwa isoshiyali sihamba ngaphaya kwabo.
Yintoni ke ngoko iSocialism?
Ke ukuba amazwe ezentlalo-yedemokhrasi afana neNorway ayingobusoshiyali, yintoni is usoshiyali?
Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-socialism kubandakanya ukuthobela amandla ezoqoqosho ongxowankulu kumandla oluntu. Kodwa ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kuyabaphelisa oongxowankulu ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela kuxa izigqibo zabucala ezinefuthe elikhulu kuluntu ziphantsi kolawulo oludumileyo apho siya kuthi ube noluntu lwedemokhrasi.
Le nkqubo yedemokhrasi inokufezekiswa ngenani lamaziko abambekayo: ii-arhente zikarhulumente eziphantsi kocwangciso, ookopolotyeni babasebenzi, iibhodi ezithatha inxaxheba. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba abantu banolawulo lwenyani, hayi nje olusesikweni, lwedemokhrasi kubutyebi boluntu.
Umbono wethu wobusoshiyali awunandawo yoku kulandelayo: imveliso ngenjongo yokuqokelela inzuzo, ubunini babucala bezona mpahla ziphambili zemveliso, iimarike zomsebenzi apho abantu abaninzi kufuneka bathengise umsebenzi wabo ukuze baphile, kunye namazwe angasabelanga kwintando kabani. abantu.
Kuphantsi kwezi meko kuphela apho sinokuthi siqalise ukwakha amaziko obusoshiyali abambekayo aya kukhuthaza kwaye avelise kwakhona ukulingana kwamathuba kunye nomanyano.
Ukuba nguSoshiyali
Umbono wobusoshiyali uchazwa ngulo mbono wexesha elide. Kodwa lo mbono ufanele unxulumane njani neemfuno ezisebenzayo zezopolitiko? Ifanele ilufundise njani uqheliselo lwethu?
Sikwithuba elitsha, kodwa ukuba ngusoshiyali kufuna ukuba sihambe umgca ophakathi kokuthatha amathuba kakhulu kunye nokulibala imigaqo yethu, nokuba ngqongqo kangangokuba singavumeli amava avule iindlela ezintsha.
Unikezelo olukrwada lwembali yobusoshiyali lwahlula intshukumo ibe yimikhwa yotshintsho nenguqu. Ngoxa abaxhasi bohlaziyo kwakucingelwa ukuba babekhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwemfundiso yobusoshiyali ukuze ifanelekele ngakumbi uqheliselo lwemihla ngemihla lwezobupolitika, abavukeli batyhalela phambili inkqubo yobusoshiyali ukuze ivisisane nombono wabo ocacileyo ochasene nobukapitali, besala ukuyigatya ingcamango noqheliselo lobusoshiyali.
Kodwa isithethe sedemokhrasi sobusoshiyali sihlala sikhona yala obu mbini. Uhlaziyo kunye nenguquko zihamba kunye.
Ubunkokeli bobusoshiyali kwimilo ethandwayo efana ne-Medicare for All inokuguqula ukuqonda kwabantu kwaye itshintshe iimbono zento enokwenzeka kwezopolitiko, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwinkxaso yeenjongo zobusoshiyali. Ngaphezu koko, uhlaziyo lunokwakha amandla okulwa abasebenzi, luveze imida yesakhono sobukapitali ukwanelisa imvo yethu yobulungisa, ukulingana, nomanyano, kwaye kuvuleke indlela yamabango aqatha. Uhlaziyo lunokwenza okungaphezulu kunokuphucula nje ubomi babantu โ lungakhokelela kwinguquko.
Umlo wobusoshiyali ufuna zombini unyulo olukhuphisanayo kunye nokwakha intshukumo yesininzi. Ukunyula i-socialists kuya kuzisa imibono ye-socialist, ukutyhala i-ajenda yomthetho wabasebenzi, kunye nokubonelela ngamava axabisekileyo kulawulo lobusoshiyali. Kodwa intshukumo yengca iyimfuneko, kokubini ukubamba abezopolitiko bobusoshiyali baphendule kwaye hlanganisana ngokuchasene nempendulo yongxowankulu nakweyona ajenda yohlaziyo iphantsi.
Ukwala ukuzibandakanya nezopolitiko zonyulo kugwebela amasoshiyali emdeni. Kodwa ukutyeshela ukuhlanganisana kwabantu abaninzi kuye kwathetha ukuba oorhulumente bobusoshiyali babengenawo amandla okoyisa ukubhukuqwa kobukapitali okuchasene nedemokhrasi. OoSocialists beDemokhrasi namhlanje, njengakwixa elidlulileyo, kufuneka bayiphephe yomibini imigibe - yokuba ngabavukeli ngaphandle kohlaziyo kunye nabahlaziyi ngaphandle kohlaziyo.
Ekulandeleni iinguqu kunye nemizamo yokhetho, i-socialists iya kusebenza ngokubambisana okubanzi kunye neminye imikhosi eqhubela phambili. Kodwa kuyenye into ukuyiqonda imfuneko yomanyano olunjalo nokuze okunye kuqwalaselwe uhlobo oluthile olufanele luthatyathwe yinxaxheba yobusoshiyali phakathi kwabo. Umba wendlela esicinga ngayo ngendawo yethu phakathi kokuphinda kuqale kwakhona kwezopolitiko ezinenkqubela phambili ukusukela ngo-2016.
I-Socialists, kunye neDemocratic Socialists of America (DSA) ngokukodwa, ayibangangabadlali kuphela kolu hlaselo. Imibutho efana neRevolution yethu, i-Justice Democrats, kunye neBrand New Congress baye baxhamla kumandla ephulo leSanders lokutyhala iQela leDemokhrasi ekhohlo. Ewe, nangona elilungu le-DSA, u-Ocasio-Cortez kutshanje unike ikhredithi eninzi ukuya kuJustice Democrats kunye neBrand New Congress ngempumelelo yakhe, njengoko ibingamaqela okuqala amkhuthaza kakhulu ukuba abaleke.
IiSocialists kufuneka zamkele indima ebalulekileyo edlalwe yile mibutho ekuvuseleleni unyulo olusekhohlo. Kodwa yintoni eyahlula i-socialists kwezinye imikhosi kwi-progressive left?
Impendulo, kunjalo, ngumbono wethu wobusoshiyali.
Lo mbono unika ulungelelwaniso kunye nenjongo kwisicwangciso sobusoshiyali. Asifuni nje ukwazisa intwana yobuntu apho sinako kwihlabathi elikhohlakeleyo nelingenakuxolelwa, kodwa nokuguqula ubudlelwane bamandla eklasi alawula uluntu.
IiSocialists kufuneka zibe ngamaqabane athembekileyo kumaphulo otshintsho oluqhubekayo. Kodwa indima yethu ikwakukutyhalela ngaphaya kwemida yawo kwaye sibeke ityala lenguquko esisiseko yentlalo. Umbuzo ngowokuba sizibandakanya njani ngokukuko kumanyano ngelixa sigcina ubuntu bethu obuzimeleyo bezopolitiko. Ngapha koko, ngaphandle kwesi sazisi kunye nombono osemva kwayo, kutheni uzikhathaza ngokuba ngusoshiyali?
Ngokwembali, njengokuba inkangeleko yezopolitiko yobusoshiyali yayikhula, kwaba njalo ke nomngcipheko wokumbandakanya kwi-amorphous "progressivism" apho impembelelo yayo ithe yancipha. Ngoko ke amaSoshiyali kufuneka alumke isilingo sokuphazama ithuba elivezwe lutshintsho lwakutsha nje lwezopolitiko olungasekhohlo ukwenzela ukuqinisekiswa kwezopolitiko zobusoshiyali nganye nganye. Eyona njongo yethu iphambili njengamasoshiyali ayikokutyhala oku okanye olo hlaziyo olunenkqubela okanye umgqatswa, kodwa kukwakha umbutho wobusoshiyali. Eyona nto isenza sibe ngamasoshiyali asikokuxhasa nje iinguqu ezinje kunye nabagqatswa. Endaweni yoko, kungenxa yokuba singoososhiyali ukuba sibaxhase.
Amandla ethu ke ngoko akalinganiswa ngoloyiso lowiso-mthetho okanye lonyulo, lubalulekile njengoko lunjalo, kodwa ngokukwazi kwethu ukuzifaka ezi zinto ngokubaluleka kobusoshiyali ngokuzidibanisa nombono wethu wekamva. Ukutyhala inaliti yezopolitiko ngasekhohlo akwanelanga; ingongoma kukusebenzisa oku ukwenza ngenkani ityala lokugqitha ubungxowankulu.
Yintoni egameni?
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba oososhiyali bathethe ngokungafihlisiyo malunga nento esiyifunayo kunye nokuba singoobani na. Umbono wethu wexesha elide yinto esahlulayo kwamanye amandla aqhubela phambili. Kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba kwiintshukumo okanye kwimikhankaso ngokuphandle njengamasoshiyali. Oku akunto ingamampunge, kodwa ingqwalasela yobuchule. Ukuba siyabuphucula ubuni bethu bezopolitiko ngenxa yenzuzo yezopolitiko, uloyiso lwethu alusabi lolwethu, kwaye siyayifeza eyethu injongo.
Ngesi sizathu, ukugxininisa kwileyibhile "yobusoshiyali" kunye nokuchaza ukuba sithetha ukuthini ngayo ayingomcimbi omncinci. Ukuvuselelwa okumangalisayo kobusoshiyali njengendawo esemthethweni kwezopolitiko zaseMelika, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abatsha, lolona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kumbutho wobusoshiyali kumashumi eminyaka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ubukho bexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-asethi, njengoko iye yanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba singoobani ngokwezopolitiko kwaye yazisa abantu abaninzi ukuba badibane neengcinga zobusoshiyali.
Njengoko ukuthandwa kobusoshiyali kukhula, akufuneki sichaze ukuhla. Abakhululekileyo baya kusenzela oko. Nangona abantu abangoo-centrist beza kuqhubeka besebenzisa i-red-bait socialists, ii-liberals ezibona kude ziyakuzama ukusebenzisa ukuthandwa kobusoshiyali.
Ingakumbi ukusukela oko uOcasio-Cortez wacaphuka kakhulu, siye sabona amaza enkululeko emphakamisa njengekamva leDemocratic Party ngelixa ejongela phantsi isibongozo esithile sobusoshiyali kwaye echaza kwakhona โidemokhrasi yobusoshiyaliโ ngokwemigaqo eyenza ukuba ingabonakali ngokucacileyo kuhlobo abaluthandayo. yenkululeko. Oku kubonisa impembelelo yethu ekhulayo, kodwa kuzisa umngcipheko wokubambisana. NjengamaSoshiyali, akufuneki siyikhuphe intsingiselo yesoshiyali njengoko sityhala iiDemocrats ngasekhohlo.
Umzuzu wangoku uyachulumancisa, kodwa oososhiyali akufuneki bazimpathele kakhulu emqolo. Njengoko i-socialism isiba yingqondo yezopolitiko, ukubalwa kwamalungu kunye namanani okuvota aba ngamanyathelo angathembekiyo okuqhubela phambili kweengcamango zobusoshiyali. Iinkululeko ziza kuzama ukubanga abantu abaninzi abazichaza โngobusoshiyaliโ njengabo. AmaSoshiyali ke ngoko kufuneka acacelwe ukuba yintoni na eyohlula kunkululeko ukuba akaliyeki eli phulo.
Nokuba abantu bathetha ukuthini โngobusoshiyali,โ ukuthandwa kwabo okutsha lithuba elikhulu. Kodwa umbuzo wobusoshiyali bedemokhrasi usahleli ufana nangaphambili: ingaba kufuneka saneliseke ngokuba liphiko eliphambili lenkululeko, okanye singaba yenye into? Iintshukumo zobuSoshiyali ngokwembali ziye zaba ngamaxhoba empumelelo yazo: njengoko amandla ethu ekhula, ngokunjalo nesihendo sokuncama umbono wexesha elide ukwenzela iinzuzo zexesha elifutshane. Njengenxalenye yokwakha kwisantya sethu, amasoshiyali kufuneka athathele ingqalelo indima yethu njengabasoshiyali kwinkqubo ebanzi ye-ecosystem. Ngaba siyimikhosi eyothusayo yezizathu ezahlukeneyo eziqhubekayo? Umkhosi wokukhankanywa kwabagqatswa abanenkqubela, nabangengabo isoshiyali? Ngubani oququzelela bani?
Umceli mngeni kumasoshiyali ubusoloko ikukuphila kukruthakruthwano phakathi kokuzinikela kwethu kwinguqu epheleleyo kunye neengxakeko zezopolitiko ezisebenzayo. Kodwa ubuni bethu njengamasoshiyali ekugqibeleni buxhomekeke kumbono wethu wexesha elide wobusoshiyali. Yinto esichazayo kwaye yintoni egcina amandla ethu okutyhala iimfuno ezihlala zibukhali ezitshintsha imida yokwenzekayo. Impumelelo yethu yakutsha nje izise amathuba amatsha okukhula. Njengoko sisebenzisa ithuba lawo, kufuneka sigxininise kulo mbono. Ngapha koko, yintoni esinayo ngaphandle kwayo?