UHarry Truman wathetha kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu zase-US ngoJuni 23, 1941: “Ukuba siyayibona loo nto. Jemani uyaphumelela,” watsho, “kufuneka sincede Rhashiya, kwaye ukuba Rhashiya uyaphumelela kufuneka sincede Jemani , yaye ngaloo ndlela mababulale abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.” Ngaba uTruman wayebuxabisa ubomi baseJapan ngaphezu kwesiRashiya nesiJamani? Akukho nanye indawo ebonisa ukuba wenza. Nangona kunjalo siyaxoxa, rhoqo nge-6 ka-Agasti okanye kunjalo, ukuba ngaba uTruman wayekulungele ukuncama ubomi baseJapan ukuze oyikise amaRussia ngeebhombu zakhe zenyukliya. Wayethanda; wayengathandi; wayezimisele. Ishiywe ngaphandle kule ngxoxo yinto ecacileyo yokuba ukubulala amaJapan amaninzi kangangoko kwakuphakathi kweenjongo zikaTruman.
Uvavanyo lomkhosi waseMelika ngowe-1943 lwafumanisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iiGIs sikholelwa ukuba kuya kufuneka kubulawe wonke umntu waseJapan osemhlabeni. UWilliam Halsey, owayalela imikhosi yasemanzini yaseUnited States kuMzantsi Pasifiki ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wacinga ngothumo lwakhe “njengokubulala iJaps, bulala iJaps, ubulale iiJaps ezingakumbi,” yaye wafunga ukuba yakuba imfazwe iphelile, amajoni aselwandle abulala iiJaps. Ulwimi lwesiJapan luya kuthethwa esihogweni kuphela. Umbhaleli wemfazwe uEdgar L. Jones wabhala ngoFebruwari 1946 Ngenyanga yeAtlantiki, "Luhlobo luni lwemfazwe abahlali abacinga ukuba sasilwa na? Sasibamba izibhedlele ngegazi elibandayo, sichitha izibhedlele, izibhengezo zokuhlaselwa, zibulala okanye ziphatha kakubi abantu beentshaba, zagqiba intshaba eyalimalayo, yaphosa efile ekungeneni kwimiba yabantu abafileyo, kunye nePacific ebilisiwe inyama kwiintloko zeentshaba ukuze zenze iingubo zetafile i-sweethearts, okanye igule amathambo abo kwi-letter openers. "
NgoAgasti 6, 1945, uMongameli Truman wathi: “Kwiiyure ezilishumi elinesithandathu ezidlulileyo inqwelo-moya yaseMerika yaphosa ibhombu enye eHiroshima, indawo ebalulekileyo yoMkhosi waseJapan. Loo bhombu yayinamandla angaphezu kwama-20,000 XNUMX eetoni zeTNT. Yayinamandla angaphezu kwamawaka amabini amandla okuqhushumba ‘eGrand Slam’ yaseBritani eyeyona bhombu inkulu kwezakha zasetyenziswa kwimbali yemfazwe.” Hiroshima kakade, yayisisixeko esizele ngabantu, kungekhona isiseko soMkhosi. Kodwa abo bantu yayingamaJapan nje kuphela. UNjengele waseOstreliya uMhlekazi uThomas Blamey wayexelele ENew York Times: “Ukulwa neJaps akufani nokulwa nabantu abaqhelekileyo. IJap liqaba elincinane…. Asisebenzi nabantu ngendlela esibazi ngayo. Sijongene nento yakudala. Imikhosi yethu inombono ochanekileyo weJaps. Bazijonga njengezinambuzane.”
Abanye bazama ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wokuba ezi bhombu zayenza mfutshane imfazwe yaza yasindisa ubomi babantu abamalunga nama-200,000 13 abathabathileyo. Ukanti, kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuba kuwiswe ibhombu yokuqala, ngoJulayi 1945, XNUMX. Japhan wathumela itelegram kwi isoviet Union ivakalisa umnqweno wayo wokunikezela nokuphelisa imfazwe. I eunited States yaphukile Japhaniikhowudi kwaye ufunde itelegram. UTruman ubhekisele kwidayari yakhe “kwitelegram evela kuMlawuli waseJap ecela uxolo.” UTruman wayexelelwe ngeetshaneli zaseSwitzerland kunye nesiPhuthukezi zoxolo lwaseJapan kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo Hiroshima. Japhan wachasa kuphela ukunikezela ngokungenamiqathango nokuncama umlawuli wayo, kodwa eunited States wagxininisa kuloo migaqo de kwasemva kokuba iibhombu ziwe, ngelo xesha kwavunyelwa Japhan ukugcina umlawuli wayo.
Umcebisi kaMongameli uJames Byrnes uxelele uTruman ukuba ukuwisa iibhombu kuyakuvumela eunited States "ukuyalela imiqathango yokuphelisa imfazwe." USosiba woMkhosi waManzi uJames Forrestal wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba uByrnes “wayekuxhalabele kakhulu ukulungisa imicimbi yaseJapan ngaphambi kokuba amaRashiya angene.” UTruman wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba iiSoviets zazilungiselela ukuqhankqalaza ngokuchaseneyo Japhan kunye ne "Fini Japs xa oko kusenzeka." UTruman wayalela ukuba kuwiswe ibhombu Hiroshima ngo-Agasti 6 kunye nolunye uhlobo lwebhombu, ibhombu ye-plutonium, apho umkhosi wawufuna ukuvavanya nokubonisa, Nagasaki ngoAgasti 9. Kwakhona ngoAgasti 9, iiSoviet Union zahlasela amaJapan. Kwiiveki ezimbini ezilandelayo, iiSoviets zabulala ama-84,000 aseJapan ngelixa zilahlekelwa ngamajoni angama-12,000, kwaye eunited States yaqhubeka ibhombu Japhan ngezixhobo ezingezizo ezenyukliya. Emva koko amaJapan anikezela.
I-United States Strategic Bombing Survey yagqiba kwelokuba ..."ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphambi kwe-31 kaDisemba, i-1945, kwaye yonke into enokwenzeka ngaphambi kwe-1 Novemba, 1945, iJapan yayiza kunikezela nokuba iibhombu zeathom zazingazange ziwiswe, nokuba iRashiya yayingangenanga. imfazwe, nokuba akukho luhlaselo lucetyiweyo okanye lucetywayo.” Omnye umchasi owathi wavakalisa lo mbono kuNobhala weMfazwe ngaphambi koqhushumbisi yayinguGeneral Dwight Eisenhower. USihlalo weeNkosi eziManyeneyo zaBasebenzi uAdmiral William D. Leahy uvumile wathi: “Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sikhohlakeleyo Hiroshima kwaye Nagasaki wayengasincedi nganto ekulweni kwethu Japhan. AmaJapan asele oyisiwe yaye ekulungele ukunikezela.”
Nokuba yeyiphi na into yokuwisa iibhombu ekunokwenzeka ukuba ibe negalelo ekupheliseni imfazwe, iyamangalisa into yokuba indlela yokoyikisa ngokuyiwisa, indlela eyasetyenziswa kwisiqingatha senkulungwane yeMfazwe Yomlomo, ayizange izame. Mhlawumbi ingcaciso inokufunyanwa kumagqabaza kaTruman abonisa isizathu sokuziphindezela: “Emva kokuba siyifumene ibhombu siye sayisebenzisa. Sisebenzise yona kwabo basihlaselayo ngaphandle kwesilumkiso ipheli yehabha, nxamnye nabo baye balamba baza bawabetha baza bawabulala amabanjwa emfazwe angabemi baseMerika, kwanabo baye bayeka ukuhanahanisa ukuba bathobela umthetho wezizwe ngezizwe wemfazwe.” UTruman akatsho ukuba wasebenzisa ibhombu ukunciphisa imfazwe okanye ukusindisa ubomi. Uthi wasebenzisa ibhombu kuba ekwazi. “Emva kokuba sifumene ibhombu siye sayisebenzisa.” Uchaza izizathu zokusebenzisa iimpawu ezintathu zabantu ababulawayo: bona (okanye urhulumente wabo) bahlasele US amajoni, bona (okanye urhulumente wabo) benza ngenkohlakalo US amabanjwa, kwaye bona (okanye urhulumente wabo)—kwaye oku akukho nakuphi na ukuphoxa okucetywayo—ukuchasa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Iintlekele zenyukliya zisenokuba, yayingekokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, kodwa yaba kukuvulwa kweqonga leMfazwe Yomlomo, elalijoliswe ekuthumeleni isigidimi kwiiSoviet. Amagosa amaninzi aphantsi naphezulu kumkhosi wase-US, kubandakanywa abalawuli abaziintloko, baye bahendelwa ukuba babe nezixeko ezininzi ze-nuke ukususela ngoko, ukuqala ngeTruman esongela i-nuke yaseChina ngo-1950. Intsomi yaphuhliswa, enyanisweni, ukuba inzondelelo ka-Eisenhower ye-nuking iTshayina kwakhokelela ekuqukunjelweni ngokukhawuleza kweMfazwe yaseKorea. Ukukholelwa kuloo ntsomi kwakhokelela uMongameli uRichard Nixon, kumashumi eminyaka kamva, ukuba acinge ukuba angayiphelisa iMfazwe yaseVietnam ngokuzenza ngathi uphambene ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa iibhombu zenyukliya. Okona kukuphazamisa ngakumbi kukuba wayephambana ngokwaneleyo. “Ibhombu yenyukliya, iyakukhathaza loo nto?…. Ndifuna nje ukuba ucinge kakhulu, Henry, ngeChristsakes, ”utshilo uNixon kuHenry Kissinger ekuxoxeni ngeendlela zokhetho. Vietnam.
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UDavid Swanson litshantliziyo loxolo nobulungisa kunye nombhali we Imfazwe Lixoki kwaye Ngentsasa: Ukuhlehlisa uBongameli boBukhosi kunye nokuSeka iManyano eGqibele ngakumbi.