Coopitalisti kufuneka bahlale beyila iindlela zokoyisa iingxaki ezingapheliyo zenkqubo yabo ewohlokayo. Omnye umthombo ongundoqo wezi ngxaki lutyekelo lokuhla kwezinga lenzuzo. Omnye umba yinyaniso yokuba ubukhapitali bujongela phantsi iimeko zobukho babo (kunye nabo bonke abantu) ngokutshabalalisa indalo ukuze buqokelele ubutyebi.
Udidi longxowankulu luneqela lemibutho, edla ngokuchongwa โnjengamatanki okucingaโ okanye โimibutho yomgaqo-nkqubo,โ eyenza imisebenzi yokulawula inkqubo yokucwangciswa kwangaphambiliโkuquka ukuveliswa kweengcamango, uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo, ubuxoki, kunye nesenzo sezopolitiko. Enye yezona zinto zisembindini nezinamandla kule mibutho yongxowankulu yi-US Chamber of Commerce eyafunda kancinane, ethe Washington Post kutshanje ebizwa ngokuba "lelona qela libalaseleyo kwisizwe." Isebenza kakhulu ngexesha lobunzima obukhoyo kwaye imisebenzi yayo ifikelele kwimfazwe ehlaziyiweyo ngokuchasene nemidla yabasebenzi ekhaya naphesheya.
Umfanekiso weQumrhu lezoRhwebo lase-US
Yasekwa ngo-1912, i-Chamber, ngamazwi ayo: "I-federation enkulu yezoshishino yehlabathi emele umdla wamashishini angaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu zobukhulu, amacandelo, kunye nemimandla, kunye nezahluko zelizwe kunye nezendawo kunye nemibutho yoshishino." Amawaka eeChambers zoRhwebo zaseburhulumenteni kunye neengingqi kunye namakhulu emibutho yoshishino iyingxenye ye-Chamber yase-US-kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga namalungu angama-300,000.
Nangona igxininisa unxibelelwano lwamashishini amancinci, umbutho ubonakalisa umdla wamalungu awo amakhulu. Umzekelo, ubunkokeli obuphezulu beChamber buqulunqwe ngabantu abazizityebi kakhulu abanobudlelwane obusondeleyo kumashishini amakhulu ase-US. Umongameli wangoku we-Chamber kunye ne-CEO (ukususela ngo-1997) uThomas J. Donahue-ohlawula umsebenzi wonyaka omnye (2008) yayiyi-$ 3.7 yezigidi-kwaye ungumlawuli we-Union Pacific Corporation. Amalungu ebhodi kaDonohue aquka usihlalo odla umhlala-phantsi kaConoco Phillips, iqabane jikelele likaBrown Brothers Harriman, usihlalo wangaphambili kunye ne-CEO ye-Weyerhaeuser, kunye nabaphathi bangaphambili kunye neDuPont, uPhelps Dodge, kunye ne-Louisiana Pacific.
I-Chamber nayo (ukususela ngo-2004) ilungu lequmrhu leBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle (CFR), omnye umbutho ophakathi weklasi yongxowankulu base-US apho uDonahue alilungu. Usihlalo webhodi yeChamber, uThomas D. Bell, Omnci., ulilungu leCFR kwaye ube sisigqeba soshishino kwi: Ball Corporation (ishishini lemizi-mveliso elinabasebenzi abamalunga ne-14,000); Abancinci kunye noRubican (i-arhente yentengiso enabasebenzi abamalunga ne-16,000); iGulfstream Aerospace Corporation; iNorfolk Southern; kunye neSecurAmerica. Usihlalo wangoku we-Chamber of Commerce kunye nosihlalo wangoku wekomiti yesigqeba se-Chamber nguRobert S. Milligan, ongusihlalo we-MI Industries, kwaye ukhonza kwiBhunga likaMongameli loMbutho weSizwe wabavelisi. Inkosikazi yakhe ikwiBhodi yabaLawuli beBhanki yaseWells Fargo kunye namanye amaqumrhu.
I-Chamber ngaxeshanye yitanki yokucinga, umbutho wobulungu, kunye nombutho wezopolitiko (oweRiphabhlikhi kakhulu) onamasebe amaninzi kunye nemisebenzi. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-Chamber kunye nemibutho engaphantsi ibandakanya i-in-house law firm, i-National Chamber Litigation Centre, edla ngokufakela amatyala amatsha angaphezu kwe-100 ngonyaka. Kwi-2009, umzekelo, yazisa enkundleni yamaxesha e-134, icela umngeni kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Chamber "imilinganiselo yokulwa noshishino."
I-Chamber yase-US ikwaxhasa "Iziko le-21st Century Energy," umsebenzi oquka ukufunda i-geopolitics ye-US yengozi yokhuseleko lwamandla, egxile ekukhuseleni i-oyile kunye negesi kuMbindi Mpuma ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwangaphandle lwase-US kunye nomkhosi. UGeneral James L. Jones, Jr., umongameli weli ziko, wacelwa nguMongameli Obama ukuba abe nguMcebisi wakhe weSizwe kwezoKhuseleko. Phambi kokungena kurhulumente, uJones wayekwangumlawuli weChevron kunye neBoeing Corporation, ezimbini zeenkampani ezinkulu zezizwe ngezizwe. Usekela-mongameli weZiko ngoku nguFrederick C. Smith, owathi, njengoJones, owayesakuba ligosa lezempi lase-US. USmith uchithe ixesha e-Iraq ngexesha leminyaka kaBush njengomcebisi omkhulu kwezomkhosi. Umsebenzi wakhe yayikukuchitha umkhosi wase-Iraq kwaye enze "uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo" omtsha we-Iraq kunye nemigca yase-US. Ukhumbule ukuba abacebisi baseBritane awayesebenza nabo eIraq benza โelona galelo likhuluโ ngenxa โyemvelaphi yabo yobukhosi,โ nto leyo eyabenza bakwazi ukunikela ngakumbi โkulwakhiwo lwesizweโ (oko kukuthi, ukudala ikoloni yase-US) iinzame apho. wayesele eganene.
Eli Candelo likwaqhuba iZiko loShishino lwaBucala lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (CIPE), eliyinxalenye yeNgxowa-mali yeSizwe yeDemokhrasi (NED) exhaswa ngurhulumente wase-US. Ngo-2009, lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokusebenza lwe-CIPE lwavela kwi-NED, iSebe likaRhulumente, kunye ne-USAID. Njengoko kunjalo kwezinye iinkqubo zeChamber, injongo yeCIPE kukutyhala i-capitalism yamashishini abucala kunye "nohlaziyo olujolise kwintengiso" kumazwe asengozini kunye nabantu, ngakumbi abo behlabathi elisaphuhlayo kunye neMpuma Yurophu. Izizwe eziphantsi komkhosi wase-US okanye zisongelwa ngobundlobongela obuvela kwimikhosi exhobileyo yase-US ziphakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zeCIPE. Oku kuqala kuboniswa ziiofisi zayo ezintandathu ukususela ngoSeptemba 2010โiAfghanistan, iIraq, iPakistan, iYiputa, iRomania, neRashiya. Okukwabonisa iiprayorithi zeCIPE yinkxaso-mali yayo ngokwengingqi. Ngokupheleleyo i-45 yepesenti yenkqubo yayo yenkxaso-mali epheleleyo ngo-2009 yaya kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika, enye ipesenti ezili-14 ukuya e-Asia, i-12 yeepesenti e-Eurasia, kunye ne-10 ekhulwini ku-Latin America. Njengoko kuxeliwe kwiNgxelo yoNyaka ka-2009 yeCIPE, iye yasebenza kakhulu "ekuphuhliseni imeko yotyalo-mali evumayo" e-Iraq ngokuyalela abantu bamashishini base-Iraqi ngezihloko ezifana nolawulo lwentlangano, uhlalutyo lwemeko yeshishini, uphuhliso lweqhinga lotyalo-mali kwiphondo, kunye nokuthengisa. Kumsebenzi wayo isebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nonozakuzaku wase-US e-Iraq, ngowona mbutho mkhulu ehlabathini (kwaye ungowona mkhulu kuwo onke awakhelwe naliphi na ilizwe kwimbali yehlabathi).
Ibhodi yabalawuli yeCIPE yabantu abangama-21 ibandakanya uhlobo olufanayo lweenkokeli zequmrhu ezilawulayo ezilawula iChamber. Abathandathu kwabangama-21 ngamalungu eBhunga lezoBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle, kuquka umongameli weChamber kunye ne-CEO uThomas J. Donohoe. Abangama-21 bonke banezikhundla zangoku okanye zangaphambili kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo zase-US, uninzi lwayo lunomdla omkhulu womkhosi okanye wangaphandle. Ezi ziquka i-Intel, iRaytheon, iRand, i-Nike, i-Bankers Trust, i-Northwest Capital, i-Gap, i-Google, i-Facebook, kunye neQela le-Fairfax.
Elinye icandelo elingundoqo lomsebenzi weQumrhu kukuphembelela kwezopolitiko kunye nemisebenzi yenkxaso-mali yephulo. Inikezela ngezixa ezikhulu zemali zicinezela abezopolitiko ukuba benze ukuthanda kwabo, bekwenza oko, ngokwamazwi New York Times, "oyena mququzeleli mkhulu eUnited States." Inzame "yi-bi-partisan" kuba zombini iiDemocrats kunye neRiphabhlikhi ziphenjelelwa kakhulu yiChamber. Kodwa malunga ne-90 pesenti yeminikelo yephulo leChamber iya kuxhasa ngemali. ukuhlasela iintengiso ezichasene neDemokhrasi okanye uncedo ngokuthe ngqo kubaviwa baseRiphabhlikhi. I-Chamber ichithe amashumi ezigidi zeedola ngonyaka wonyulo lwe-2010, ubukhulu becala ukunceda ukunyula amaRiphabhlikhi, kugxilwe ngobuchule kwiintlanga ezisondeleyo ezimisele ulawulo lweNdlu yabaMeli.
Imali yale ajenda yamabhongo iphuma kwiqaqobana labaxhasi. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi ENew York Times (10/22/10) yafumanisa ukuba, nangona i-Chamber ithi imele amashishini ezigidi ezi-3 kwaye inamalungu angama-300,000, phantse isiqingatha se-140 yezigidi zeminikelo kwi-2008 ivela kubaxhasi be-45 kuphela. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba aba banikeli bakhulu, abadla ngokunikela ngaphezulu kwe-1 yezigidi zeedola ngexesha, banike iChamber njengendlela yokulahla imali yabo kwaye bafihle inzala yabo, njengaxa iDow Chemical inika i-1.7 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2009 ukuze iChamber isebenze. ngokuchasene nemimiselo eyachaswa nguDow. Nangona i-Chamber izama ukugcina abaxhasi bayo beyimfihlo, i Maxesha bafumanise ukuba abanye abaxhasi bamashishini abakhulu bakutsha nje kwiChamber baquke iGoldman Sachs, iChevron/Texaco, iPrudential Financial, iNews Corporation (umnini we Wall Street Journal kunye neFox News), kunye nesiseko esidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo neQela le-Inshurensi yaseMelika (AIG).
Imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku yeQumrhu
Ngomhla we-14 kaJulayi, i-2010 i-Chamber of Commerce yase-US yabeka izikhundla zayo zomgaqo-nkqubo wokuphendula "kwileta evulekileyo" ebaluleke kakhulu kuMongameli Obama. Ngale leta iChamber ibonise ukuba oongxowankulu abaneliseki ngaphandle kokuba umongameli une-100 lepesenti kumashishini amakhulu kunye nezityebi. U-Obama ubonwa njengomi kwinqanaba elinganelanga malunga neepesenti ezingama-90. I-Chamber yachaza ekuqaleni kwale leta ukuba ixhase ukukhutshwa kuka-Obama kwiinkampani ezinkulu eWall Street kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-inshurensi, kunye nenkqubo yokuvuselela uqoqosho (inxalenye enkulu yayo yayiluncedo lukarhulumente kushishino). I-Chamber yaxoxa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba u-Obama uye wahamba kakhulu, ephambuka "kwimigaqo eqinisekisiweyo yeshishini lasimahla laseMelika" kunye "nokunyuswa kwerhafu enkulu," "intsilelo enkulu," kunye "nolawulo lokutshabalalisa umsebenzi."
Ingahoywa indima ephambili yemigaqo-nkqubo yemalike ekhululekileyo yongxowankulu ngokubanzi kunye neRiphabhlikhi Party ngakumbi ekuveliseni ingxaki yanamhlanje, iChamber yatyhola ulawulo luka-Obama kunye nombuso wongxowankulu ngokungaqeshwa, ukungaqeshwa, ukuzithemba okuphantsi kwabathengi, ukudandatheka kwezindlu kunye neemarike zestock, kunye nokuhlambalaza. ukuvuseleleka koqoqosho. Ukuxoxa ukuba indima karhulumente "kukuseka iimeko ezifanelekileyo" kwicandelo labucala ukuze "ukhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho" (oko kukuthi, ukukhusela inkqubo yeklasi, ukwandisa inzuzo, kunye nokuqokelela inkunzi eyongezelelweyo kwabo sele bezizityebi), iChamber yatsho. ukuba ulawulo luka-Obama kunye neCongress khange bayifezekise indima yabo. Endaweni yoko, i-Chamber yathi i-Democrats yenze "ukungaqiniseki," ebangela ukuba iibhanki "zithande" ukuboleka kunye neenkampani zaseMelika zoyika ukutyalomali. Eyona nto yayisenziwa yiChamber ngale ntetho yayithethelela uqhanqalazo longxowankulu lwamashishini, ikhuthaza ukungatyali-mali kuba ikholelwa ukuba ishishini lingafumana iminyinyiva kurhulumente kwaye lithintele imikhwa ebuthathaka yokufuna iinguqu kurhulumente okhoyo ngeli qhinga.
I-US Chamber ichonge imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ecinga ukuba iya kubeka "iimeko ezifanelekileyo" kwishishini laseMelika ukuphelisa ugwayimbo longxowankulu. Ezi ziquka:
ยท intlawulo yerhafu kushishino
ยท "ukuphuculwa kwamalungelo" (amagama ekhowudi yokukhupha izibonelelo zeNtlalo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye neMedicare ukuba ukusebenza umhlala phantsi sele kuhlawulelwe ngokupheleleyo)
ยท ukomba olupheleleyo "kwi-oyile, igesi, kunye nokuqeshiswa kwe-shale" kumhlaba karhulumente
ยท ukuvuna amaplanga ngokupheleleyo kumhlaba wamahlathi esizwe
ยท ukuvula iimarike zangaphandle
ยท ukwenza bucala iziseko zothutho nezamanzi zesizwe ngokususa imimiselo kunye nezithintelo zomthetho nezemali kutyalo-mali lwabucala
ยท ukumisa "imigaqo-nkqubo ethintelayo yendawo yokusebenza" yeSebe lezaBasebenzi kunye "notshintsho olukhulu" oluzayo "kubudlelwane bolawulo lwemanyano" olulindeleke kwiBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi.
ยท inkuthazo kunye "nesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni" sotyalo-mali "kwitekhnoloji yamalahle acocekileyo, iinkqubo zokubanjwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokwandiswa okukhulu kwamandla enyukliya"
ยท isiphelo "kumthwalo olawulayo" kwishishini eliya kubangela ukuba imisebenzi "inyamalale nje okanye ithunyelwe kude nonxweme"
I-Chamber ngokwenene ithi: "nyanzelela phantsi imivuzo yabasebenzi ngakumbi kwaye usiqinisekise ngenzuzo engakumbi okanye siya kuqhubeka noqhankqalazo lwethu lwenkunzi ngokuthumela imali yethu kwezinye iintlanga."
Ukugxekwa kweNkqubo yeReactionary yeChamber
Inkqubo yokusabela ngokukhaliphayo ye-US Chamber of Commerce inokugxekwa kumanqanaba amaninzi. Okokuqala, nangona ingumbutho ekucingelwa ukuba uchasene neendleko, isikali, kunye namandla karhulumente wobumbano, kucacile ukuba iChamber kunye namashishini amaninzi angaphakathi kuwo alwamkela uncedo lwembumba yamaqumrhu awo kunye nodidi longxowankulu ngokubanzi. I-Chamber iyavuma ukuba ixhase ukuvuselela kunye nokukhutshwa kweefemu eziphezulu zeWall Street, iinkampani zemoto, kunye neQela le-Inshurensi yaseMelika, ehlawulwa ngabahlawuli berhafu. Eyayo inkqubo yeCIPE ikwaxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente ngokupheleleyo. Kwileta evulelekileyo eya kuMongameli Obama, iChamber nayo ifune inkuthazo kunye nokhuseleko olusemthethweni kurhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ukucuthwa koKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye ne-Medicare, ishiya into yokuba abo "ilungelo" lihlawulwe ngabamkeli ngokutsalwa kwemivuzo. Uhanahaniso lweChamber luluncuthu lwengqondo njengoko ikuvuyela ukuthatha izibonelelo zentlalontle karhulumente, kodwa ingafuni ukuba amanye amalungu oluntu, ngakumbi abasebenzi, bafumane isenti leenzuzo.
I-Chamber nayo iyaphazama xa ikhalaza malunga nemigaqo "eyonakaliswa kwemisebenzi". Iifemu zaseWall Street, iBritish Petroleum, i-Insurance Group yaseMelika, iMassey Coal, iExxon-Mobil (ukubalula nje imizekelo embalwa), kunye nezinye ezininzi ezibulalayo, ukubulawa kwemisebenzi, kunye ne-ecology etshabalalisa imibutho yongxowankulu sele kwaye isalawulwa ngokunzulu. . Ezi kunye namanye amaqumrhu anamandla akwazile ukubulala rhoqo abantu abasebenzayo ngokutyeshela ukhuseleko lwabo, acime imisebenzi ngentelekelelo yawo, aze enze umonakalo omkhulu kwizinto eziphilisayo ngokuphazamisana norhulumente.
Okwesibini, umthetho weChamber okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yokonakalisa yimfazwe yodidi evela phezulu. Oku kuquka inkuthazo yogwayimbo longxowankulu kunye nemisebenzi ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. I-US Chamber ithatha ukuba i-capitalism ngumyalelo wanaphakade, ongaxhomekeke kumngeni okanye utshintsho. Ikhathalela kakhulu inzuzo kunye nokuncinci malunga nobomi bomntu, uphuhliso lomntu, inkcubeko ephezulu, okanye ukonwaba kwendalo. Abakholelwa kwilungelo likaThixo lenkunzi yokulawula, iinkokeli zeGunya zifuna ukusebenzisa inqanaba likarhulumente njengomsebenzi wazo wobuqu. I-Chamber ithatha ukuba inkunzi idala lonke ixabiso kwaye abasebenzi bayindleko kuphela.
Yandisa okanye Die
Okokugqibela, njengemntwiso yenkunzi, iChamber of Commerce kufuneka igxekwe ngokwembono engaphandle kwenkqubo yongxowankulu. Umbono othathwe ngokufanelekileyo kukugxeka inkunzi ngokwembono ye-ecosocialist. (Jonga ekaJoel Kovel Utshaba Lwendalo: Ukuphela Kobungxowankulu okanye Ukuphela Kwehlabathi.) Njengoko u-Kovel ebonisa, ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku ejongene noluntu, ngakumbi ingxaki yendalo, ikhula iphuma ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo kobukapitali. Le misebenzi eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-eco-radical eco-destructiveness efakwe kwi-DNA yenkunzi, eshwankathelwe ngegama elithi "ukwandisa okanye ufe." Ukuba nale nkqubo ikhula rhoqo (ihlala igxininisa kwaye isebenza ngemfuneko yohlumo olungenasiphelo) elawula uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nentlalontle kwiplanethi enesiphelo esinemithombo enqongopheleyo, iya kukhokelela uluntu kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zobomi kwintlekele. Umsebenzi wesiqhelo wobungxowankulu nawo uyabuthintela ekubeni uhlaziywe ngayo nayiphi na indlela enzulu. Njengenkqubo ayinakho ukwenza uhlaziyo lokwenyani. Oku kuthetha ukuba thina basebenzi kufuneka siqhubele phambili nokuhlasela, sijongane, kwaye sibhukuqe amandla ongxowankulu abancinci abazizityebi njengoko bemelwe yiChamber kwaye siphelise ulawulo lwayo lokuzahlula okanye sijongane nokutshatyalaliswa kwehlabathi lethu.
Yintoni ekufuneka idalwe endaweni yayo, ngomzabalazo omkhulu wokuhlangana kwethu, "yimibutho yasimahla yabavelisi," uluntu apho iindlela zokuvelisa (inxalenye ye-commons) ziya kufikeleleka kubo bonke kwaye abantu baya kudala kwaye bazikhethele ngokukhululekileyo ukuba loluphi umanyano lwendibaniselwano abafuna ukubandakanyeka kulo ukwenzela umsebenzi onemveliso. Le mibutho yamahhala iya kuvelisa ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye kunye neqela (okt, uxinzelelo lokusetyenziswa-ixabiso) kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu i-domain yexabiso lotshintshiselwano (okt, ukunciphisa imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezithengiswayo ukwenzela ukuqokelela inkunzi). Oku kuthetha umsebenzi opheleleyo kunye nomsebenzi oxabisekileyo abathi abantu bazilawule. Kwinkqubo enjalo ye-ecosocialist, iifom (zombini iindlela kunye neziphelo) zemveliso yexabiso lokusetyenziswa elikhuthaza imfezeko ye-ikhosistim iya kuqiniswa kunye nezenzo ezilimaza eso sidima siya kupheliswa. Inkqubo yedemokhrasi epheleleyo nayo iya kuba sembindini welixa elizayo le-ecosocialism, ebandakanya ukungena kumandla wethu opheleleyo weentlobo, ngaphaya kweengcinga zangoku zepropati kunye norhulumente.
Ngamafutshane, umbono oguquguqukayo esiya kuwo kufuneka ube banzi kwaye ube nzulu ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into efakwe phantsi kweempawu zomzabalazo odlulileyo. Kufuneka sinqwenele ukwakha ubomi obukhululekileyo obunentsingiselo ephezulu kunokuqokelela izinto kunye nokubanga amandla phezu kwendalo kunye nabanye. Kuphela ngokuphuhlisa ngokuqaphela amandla ethu omntu okudala, kunye nokumanyanisa kumzabalazo weklasi ukusuka ngaphantsi, sinokuzenza kwakhona kwaye sifezekise ubuntu bethu obupheleleyo.
Z
ULaurence H. Shoup ngumbhali-mbali kunye nombhali ohlala e-Oakland, eCalifornia. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje Abalawuli kunye nabavukeli: Imbali yaBantu yaseCalifornia yamandulo, ngo-1769-1901 (iUniverse, 2010).