Phantse ishumi leminyaka eyadlulayo kwakubonakala ngathi siza kungena kwiRenaissance
yokwenza iifilimu zesini kunye nabasetyhini. Ayikwazanga ukufikelela kumboniso bhanyabhanya oqhelekileyo
ukwenza, abenzi befilimu abazimeleyo, ababhali, kunye nabavelisi baqala ukuphuma
iqumrhu elimangalisayo lomsebenzi. UTodd Haynes ukrelekrele Umchweli uKaren
ibali kwaye Ubuthi oko kwashukumisela imvakalelo ye-gay kumanqanaba amatsha enkcubeko
ukugxeka kunye nobukrelekrele, yayizizityhilelo njengoko kwakunjalo ngomntu kaTom Kalin ephinda exela
yebali likaLeopold noLoeb kwi Ukudinwa. URose Troche's Hamba Intlanzi noIsake
EkaJulian Ukhangela uLangston yaphula indawo entsha kunye nekaJennie Livingston
IParis iyavutha yandisiwe iparameters zento enokwenziwa yi-queer documentary
ukwenza.
Kodwa ukusukela ngoko ibiphantsi induli; ngakumbi kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo.
Amathuba amakhulu avulwe yimpumelelo ye-cinema yequeer ezimeleyo
ibe yindawo yokulahla inqanaba lesithathu kunye nama-comedies angenangqondo
kunye neemuvi zokuzonwabisa. Ngowe-1997 saba nayo Ndincamise uGuido, andizange ndidibane noPicasso,
Uthando kunye nokufa kwiLong Island, yaye Ndicinga ukuba Ndiyakwenza kwalandela unyaka olandelayo
by UBilly weHollywood Kiss yesikrini, iiBloomers zamva, iJacket yesikhumba iBali lothando,
kwaye (kancinci ngcono) Ukuchasana Nesondo. Akunjalo ukuba kwakungekho
Iifilimu ezintle ngokunjaloโ ekaCheryl Dunye Umfazi wevatala wayengafezekanga, kodwa enamabhongo;
kaJohn Greyson Iinyibiba yayiluloyiso lwesimbo kunye nobukrelekrele; Lisa Cholodenka's
bukhali kwaye buhlaba Ubugcisa obuphezulu kunye neBill Condon's OoThixo kunye neZilo be malunga
ngokugqibeleleyo njengoko iimuvi zifumana.
Ngelixa kwakumnandi ukubona ii-homos kwiimovie zaseHollywood eziqhelekileyo, iifilimu ezifana
Injongo yothando lwam, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kwaye Umtshato woMhlobo wam osenyongweni, bona
uswele ubukhali, ubukrelekrele, nayo nayiphi na inkangeleko yobukrelekrele. Ngokuqinisekileyo, eziqhelekileyo
Iifilimu zikwasibonise ezona โntloboโ zamafanasiniโuBruce
Willis ixhoba gay kwi Udyakalashe, UKevin Spacey ukumkanikazi osisityebi kwi Ubusuku bobusuku
kuMyezo wokuLunga noBubi, Lauren Joey XXX's ubuncinane-kukholeleka lesbian lesbian
in Ukuxosha uAmy, kunye no-Ian McKellen ocinezelekileyo we-gay yamaNazi emfazweni Kulungile
Umfundi. Nakuba Umda we17 ibenemizuzu embalwa eqaqambileyo, yavakala ngathi yimizuzu engama-20
mfutshane ebivuthelwe ngaphandle komlinganiselo. AmaNgesi Fumana Real ibiswiti,
kodwa ayizange isondele naphi na kwingqiqo namandla ka-1997 Entle
Into. RelaxโฆKukwabelana ngesondo nje wayenamaxesha anomdla, kuquka a
iyelenqe elijijekileyo elijongene nomsindo wokubulala ngokwesondo olandela ukubhaqwa komkhosi,
kodwa ifilimu yayingenaziko elingaguqukiyo. Iqhinga, namakhwenkwe ayo amahle, epakishwe kwangaphambili
Uburharha beghetto kunye nokwabelana ngesondo okungathandekiyo-kodwa-kweemvakalelo kwenziwa i-homogenized, formulaic, kunye
akunanto. Ikhekhe lenkomo, Uxwebhu olungeyonyani malunga noBob Mizer kunye nePhysique Pictorial,
babenoburharha obuhlekisayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni babanento encinci. Nditsho noRose Troche,
obani Hamba Intlanzi wabonisa isithembiso esingaka, wasilela ngaso Amagumbi okulala kunye neePaseji,
ukukhanya, srightly ukujonga uthando, ubuhlobo, kunye nesondo eLondon ukuba zange
wenyuka ngaphezu komgangatho we-sit-com osemgangathweni. EKhanada Ngcono kuneTshokholethi
wanikela kancinane ngaphezu kwenguqulelo yesini esifana nendoda esifana nayo esizimeleyo
abalingane, kunye namantombazana amahle, imiqathango yezopolitiko efunekayo, kunye
isiphelo esonwabisayo esingenzanga ngqiqo okanye ingqiqo.
Ewe, zonke ezi filimu zazingcono kune-homophobia eyothusayo leyo
kwavela kwezinye iifilimu ezinkulu zaseHollywood. Ukonwaba iveziwe
iilesbianism, kodwa akazange abe nesibindi sokwenza nantoni na kwaye wasishiya
ezibuza ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni ukuqala. Ngelixa uAlan Cummings, owayenayo
ifumene amanqaku aphezulu kwimveliso yaseNew York Cabaret, iqokelelwe
abanye bayahleka njengonobhala wedesika ye-libidinal Amehlo avalwe kakhulu, isimilo sakhe
ibonakalisa nje ithoni eyothusayo ethiya isini kuyo yonke ifilimu. Kude kuqatsele
bekunjalo Ubuhle baseMelika kunye ne-glib pseudo-critique ye-suburbia yodidi oluphakathi
kunye nokoyikeka kwayo kokugqibela kobundlobongela obucinezelweyo-ex-Marine-homo- next-door
oyekisa umlinganiswa ophambili wefilimu emva kokuba eye wabelana ngesondo
Walandula. Lo mfo uqokelela izikhumbuzo zamaNazi-kodwa akukho nto ifana nayo
iziqhushumbisi okanye imipu yoomatshini. Uqokelela amacwecwe kumaqela esidlo sangokuhlwa sikaHitler.
Kodwa oku kwakungeyonyani njengekaFranco Zeffirelli Iti kunye noMussolini,
esebenzise ingqiqo yamadoda angama-gay malunga nomdlali omdala we-divas kwi-grotesquely
ibonakalisa iimvakalelo zobuFasi baseTaliyane. Siphinde saba nesiqhelo ukuba andiyo-gay-kodwa-wonke umntu ucinga-
Ndihleli ngaphakathi Ndonwabile, eTexas, ezintathu ukuya eTango, kwaye, kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, Dogma.
Lo mboniso bhanyabhanya wokugqibela waqhubeka umlawuli uKevin Smith's obsession ngokucinezelwa
okanye ubufanasini obungadibaniyo: iingelosi ezidlalwa nguMat Damon noBen
U-Affleck uphazama ngabanye abalinganiswa njengesibini esithandanayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni
yayingaqhelekanga kwaye ikruqula kunomdla.
Umzila omnye ophawulekayo kulo nyaka kwiifilimu ezizimeleyo kunye neziqhelekileyo
yaba kukuvela kwabalinganiswa abatshintshe isini kunye nemixholo. Ezi zahluka
ukusuka kwinqanaba lesithathu IiAdventures zikaSebastian Cole, apho inkwenkwe ekwishumi elivisayo
Ufunda ukujongana notata wakhe ogqithiselwe kwisini ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqhekeka Amakhwenkwe Akafuni
isikhalo intsomi yebali likaTeena Brandon. Phakathi kwethu sinoFilipu
Seymour Hoffman's transgendered ukurhuqa ukumkanikazi phakathi Ungenasiphako, uhlobo olunzima lwe-trans-gendered
ibali lothando lesbian kwi Kuba nguJohn Malkovich, kunye nehlala iqaqambile kwaye
ukuphazamisa ipolitiki yezesondo yase-Almodovar Konke NgoMama Wam. Ezi
Iifilimu zibonisa indlela entsha, ephucuke ngakumbi yokubonisa
iingxaki zesini kunye nesondo, kunye neyona nto ingcono kakhulu-Amakhwenkwe Akafuni
isikhalo-ungaze uyibaleke imiba enzima ngakumbi.
Singalindela ntoni ke emva kwalo nyaka? Kwiminyaka edlulileyo ezinye zezona zinokuqonda
kunye nemiboniso evuselela inkanuko yamafanasini yavelaโngokuqhelekileyo njengabalinganiswa abancinaneโku
iifilimu eziqhelekileyo kunye neHollywood: ukumkanikazi wasezantsi kaJohn Ritter kwi I-Slingblade,
UPhillip Seymour Hoffman ophulukene ne-gay kwi Ubusuku beBoogie, uTilda Swinton onamandla aphezulu
igqwetha elinesini ezimbini kwi Ukuguqulwa kwabasetyhini, Indoda kaRobert Downey ye-gay efayo
AIDS kwi Umntu wobusuku obunye, kunye nonyana kaTimothy Hutton othe tye ngokuziphatha
usapho olungasebenziyo kwi Into yoMlilo. Aba yayingabalinganiswa abantsonkothileyo
ogqithise ubuninzi bezinto zokwenyani ezihlala mihla le abantu abakhohlakeleyo.
Ezi yayingezizo โimifanekiso eshukumayo yamafanasiniโโngengqiqo yoko Ngcono kuneTshokholethi or
Ukukhohlisa zi-kodwa zicingisiswe kakuhle, uphando olwenziwe kakuhle malunga nendlela abantu abaphila ngayo
ubomi babo. Isizathu sokuba ezininzi "iifilimu ze-gay" zibi akungenxa yokuba
ikakhulu zimalunga namadoda angama-gay kunye neelesbians, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziye zaba
conformist, kudala, iimveliso zefomula endaweni yobugcisa okanye ukonwabisa ukonwabisa.
Iqhinga, uBilly's Hollywood Screen Kiss, kwaye Ngcono kuneTshokholethi yiyo
Imiboniso bhanya-bhanya elingana ne-TV ye-sit-coms ehambe kwiisizini ezintathu
abaninzi kakhulu.
Inye ngaphandle koku kukukhululwa kokuphela konyaka kuka-Anthony Minghella
UMnu. Ripley onolwazi, into engaqhelekanga, eyona nto ivuyisayo malunga nentlalontle
indoda gay owathi, ngelixa entlalweni enyuka indlela yakhe ukuya iwonga eklasini engcono, uzibophelele
kwaye ubaleka ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Ngokusekwe kuPatricia Highsmith's classic
1955 inoveli (eyayifoshwa ngaphambili njenge Emini Emfusa nguRene Clement ngo-1960),
Umlawuli uMinghella uyayibuyisela kwaye uyifake kwezopolitiko ukuze ibe yinto eninzi malunga nayo
umona wodidi njengentsonkotha yesazisi sobufanasini kuluntu olucinezelayo.
Kwi-original ye-Highsmith, u-Tom Ripley yi-grifter yodidi lwabasebenzi kunye no
amagqabantshintshi okanye imida yesazisi othi athandwe sisityebi seDickey
Greenleaf. Emva kokuba bephoswe kunye ngokudibana kwethuba, iRipley's
umnqweno kaDicky uba ngowahlukileyo ekufuneni kwakhe ukuba nguye. Oku kukhokelela
ekubulaleni, ekuzenzeni, nasekubulaleni ngakumbi. Ezandleni zikaHighsmith oku kwaba
ukucamngca ngobuwena, ngokwesini, kunye netyala, efana nemixholo yakhe kwi
incwadi ka-1949 Abasemzini kuloliwe, owaziwa kakhulu kwifilimu ka-Alfred Hitchcock
inguqulelo. Apha uMinghella ukwagxininisa amabhongo eklasi kaTom Ripley kunye
amaxhala (kunye namalungelo eklasi kaDicky Greenleaf) kwaye ujike i
ifilimu kwi-comedy emnyama yokuhamba kweklasi kunye nokubulala. Savvy ngaphezu
owawongwa kakhulu ngo-1997 Isigulana esingesi-oye wabandezeleka kuzo zombini iimvakalelo
kunye ne-Masterpiece Theatre syndrome- uMinghella ufumana kwiindlela ezinqabileyo
yokwangaphandle ngokwesondo nomona, ingqumbo yodidi, nokulangazelela, kunye
ipsychopathology ebangelwa kuko konke oku kungasentla.
Ngaphandle koku, zimbini kuphela ezinye iifilim zaseHollywood ezazi "gay",
nangona kunzima kakhulu. Fight Club, eqaqambileyo kwiyure yayo yokuqala kwaye
emva koko uyahlukana, unengqondo, uyothusa, unomtsalane, kwaye ujonge ngokunzulu
ukudityaniswa kwe-homoeroticism, ukubonakala kwamadoda, ubundlobongela, kunye nenkululeko
njengoko ndakhe ndayibona kwifilimu eqhelekileyo. Kwimeko encinci, kodwa njengoko kunjalo
ezopolitiko, irejista yi iphaki yasemazantsi. Ngaphantsi kwayo-ukuba-kubi-ngokunokwenzeka
ithoni kunye nesimo sengqondo esingathandekiyo malunga nokukhubekisa imikhwa yoohlohlesakhe benkcubeko, yona
ubonisa ubulumko obunqamlezileyo kunye nokuqonda kwezopolitiko okusothusayo. Mazantsi
ePaki ukusetyenziswa ubufanasini kunye queerness ivulekile kwaye ngqo. Yi
hayi imeko yokuhlekisa ngayo yonke into, kodwa yokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo
indlela iistereotypes, ubudlelwane bamandla entlalo, kunye nabantu abasebenza. Enjalo
kuyinyani kwiifilimu zangaphandle ezifana Trio, ifilim yaseJamani engumzobi
oko kukukhumbuza Ifassbinder, okanye Icocwa ngokomisa, a ukulawula-a-trois ukuba
lampooned umtshato French kunye neemvakalelo kudidi oluphakathi.
Mhlawumbi eyona filimu ingeyiyo yase-US ye-gay yayiyi-Australian Phezu kwentloko, malunga
Abaphambukeli bamaGrike abahlala eSydney kunye nemizabalazo yomfana oselula
ukuza kuqondana nesini sakhe kwi-subculture kunye noluntu oluthi
ubuxabisile ubudoda bakhe kodwa hayi ubugqwirha bakhe. Ukuphonononga imiba yokugxothwa, yesizwe
isazisi, umnqweno wesini, ubundlobongela, kunye nesini, Phezu kwentloko ityhala imida
kunye namaqhosha. Imiboniso yesini, ehlala igcwele ubundlobongela nokungoneliseki,
Zombini ziyothusa kwaye ziyavuselela kwaye zisenza sicinge ngaphezu kweefilimu ezininzi.
Nangona iimuvi zingenabo abantu abathandana nabasetyhini okanye abalinganiswa abathandana nabasetyhini okanye izicwangciso okanye imixholo,
ngokufuthi baye banika amafanasini umbono wokuba mhle, ube nentelekelelo
Ihlabathi lisisusa kwiindlela ezithe ngqo "zesiqhelo." Ngamanye amaxesha, nini
sinethamsanqa, sinokubona iifilimu ezijongene ngqo nabalinganiswa abancinci
kwaye sidlulisele ingqiqo ethile yenyaniso esihlala kuyoโItyhefu, Quer- elle, The
Ubomi kunye namaxesha eHarvey Milk, Iinyembezi ezikrakra zikaPetra von Kant, ixesha elide
Iqabane lexesha, ubugcisa obuphezulu, amakhwenkwe akalili. Kodwa oko besikubiza
Iifilimu zama-gay zonke zihlala zilula kakhulu, zipakishwe kwangaphambili, zithengiswa kwangaphambili
yenziwe ukuba ibe nomtsalane kwelona lisezantsi idinomineyitha eqhelekileyo.
Z
UMichael Bronski ungumbhali weencwadi ezininzi kunye namanqaku malunga nenkcubeko,
kunye noluntu lwama-gay kunye nabasetyhini. Ukwangumrhumo rhoqo
Z Magazine.