INew Latin American Ekhohloeihlelwe nguPatrick Barrett, uDaniel Chavez, noCesar Rodriguez-Garavito; Pluto Press, 2008, 320 pp; Iimvavanyo kwiRadical Social Democracy: ihlelwe nguGeraldine Lievesley noSteve Ludlam, iincwadi zeZed, 2009, 288 pp.
TUbhukuqo-mbuso eHonduras udale umngeni oqhubekayo koorhulumente kuwo wonke ummandla wezopolitiko eLatin America. Kwiminyaka engaphambi kwesi siganeko sinzima nesibalulekileyo, iinkokeli ezininzi kunye nemibutho yezentlalo zawutyhalela ngasekhohlo lo mmandla. Yile nguqu yengingqi ekugxilwe kuyo INew Latin American Ekhohlo: Utopia Wazalwa ngokutsha, ehlelwe nguPatrick Barrett, uDaniel Chavez, kunye noCesar Rodriguez-Garavito.
Le ncwadi ibandakanya uthotho lwezahluko ezinengqiqo yeengcali ezahlukeneyo malunga neengcambu kunye nokunyuka kweLatin American entsha eshiywe kumazwe anjengeBrazil, iBolivia, iVenezuela, iArgentina, neUruguay. Uninzi lwababhali ngabafundi abanenkqubela kunye nabahlalutyi abavela kumazwe ababhala ngawo.
Ekuqaleni kwe INew Latin American Ekhohlo ababhali bachaza ukuba, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaninzi abahlalutyi abajonge ummandla bagxile ngokukodwa "kwizopolitiko zezopolitiko" okanye "ukuhlanganisana kweengcambu." Ukanti, kule ncwadi, ilizwe kunye nezifundo zengingqi zivavanya amaqela ezopolitiko, oorhulumente, kunye nemibutho yezentlalo njengemikhosi emithathu eyahlukileyo. Ababhali babhala ukuba imibutho yezentlalo mhlawumbi ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaba badlali bathathu ekuziseni utshintsho oluqhubekayo okanye ekuvuleni indlela eya kunyulo loomongameli abahlukeneyo abasekhohlo. Kwezinye iimeko imibutho ibifuna utshintsho lwesizwe olusekelwe kumalungelo, ngokuchasene nokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala yinkampani, ukusuka kudidi okanye isikhundla esisekelwe kubuhlanga.
Okuphambili kwingxoxo bubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela ezopolitiko kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. Iqela lezopolitiko, bhala abahleli kwisahluko sokuqala, "linokusebenza njengengalo yezopolitiko yemibutho yentlalontle, ibenza bakwazi ukuveza amandla abo entlalontle kunye nokuvakalisa iimfuno zabo kwinqanaba lezopolitiko kwaye babonelele ngeendlela eziyimfuneko zokufikelela kuluntu. ilizwe." Umanyano phakathi kweentshukumo kunye namaqela lunokunceda ukukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ebalulekileyo, ukulwa nelungelo, kunye nokucebisa abezopolitiko.
Ngelo xesha, "ingqiqo yonyulo" yamaqela inokusebenza ngokungahambisani neentshukumo, bhala abahleli. Njengoko amaqela afuna isiseko esibanzi, iintshukumo zihlala zenza inxalenye encinci kweso siseko kunamanye amacandelo. Ngaphezu koko, iintshukumo, njengakwimeko yaseBrazil, zihlala zicelwa ukuba ziyeke izenzo ezinokwenza iqela libukeke libi ngexesha okanye ngaphandle kwexesha lonyulo. Abahleli bathi eyona meko ifanelekileyo yileyo apho amaqela kunye nemibutho inokuthi isebenze kunye, okanye iphile kunye, ekukhuseleni amalungelo oluntu kunye nokuchasene ne-neoliberalism kunye nephiko lasekunene. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko INew Latin American Ekhohlo ebonisa, intsebenziswano enjalo phakathi kwesitrato kunye noRhulumente idla ngokujika ibe mbi kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe.
Ukunyuka kwamandla oMbutho waBasebenzi (PT) eBrazil phantsi koMongameli uLuiz Inรกcio Lula da Silva (uLula) uthetha kakhulu malunga nemingeni yokuhamba ukusuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi ukuya kwibhotwe likarhulumente. I-PT yaqala njengeqela labasebenzi, kunye noLula, owayengumsebenzi wentsimbi, njengenkokeli yayo. Uphumelele iivoti ezizigidi ezili-11 kunyulo lukamongameli luka-1989. Izikhokelo ze-PT zaqalwa ngabasebenzi kunye neqela leqela. ULula wonyulwa njengomongameli okokuqala ngo-2002, kodwa wakhawuleza wafulathela ukuqhelaniswa nabasebenzi beqela lakhe.
Ngoxa i-Brazil's Landless Farmers Movement (MST) yakha enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-PT zonyulo kunye namandla entlalontle, ababhali babhala ukuba kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezolimo kaLula ukususela ekubeni waba ngumongameli, "into ephambili inikwe iifama ezinkulu ezinemihlaba ebanzi. zisebenzise kakhulu izichumisi zekhemikhali kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane, ezizinikele ekuveliseni izityalo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwenkcubeko enye. " Uninzi lweli shishini ligxininisa ekuvelisweni kommoba, iimbotyi zesoya nekofu.
Uninzi lwemibutho yezentlalo yaseBrazil (ingakumbi i-MST) ayivisisani ngokupheleleyo nale migaqo-nkqubo itshabalalisayo kwaye bebesebenzela uthungelwano oluncinci lweefama zosapho kunye noluntu, ezijolise ekuncedeni amafama eentsapho ezizigidi ezihlanu ngaphandle kwesixa esiyimfuneko somhlaba ukuze aphile kwaye ezinye izigidi ezine zabalimi beentsapho bengenawo umhlaba kwaphela. Ezinye zeenjongo zale ntshukumo kukulima ngaphandle kwamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, ingqesho, intlonipho ye-ecology, umhlaba, i-biodiversity, kunye nokungasebenzisi imbewu ye-GMO.
Ababhali babonisa ukuba ngo-2006 uLula uye wazalisekisa inkqubo yeSibonelelo soSapho ejolise kwiintsapho ezifumana umvuzo ophantsi kunye nenkxaso yentlalontle, kubandakanywa izibonelelo zokutya, isikolo, kunye negesi yokupheka, eyachaphazela ezinye ze-11 yezigidi zeentsapho-malunga nama-25 ekhulwini labemi. Ukuze bafumane inkxaso, โiintsapho ezizuzayo ezinabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala zimele zibhalise abantwana bazo esikolweni zize ziqinisekise ukuba baya kubakho, zigcine izitofu zabo zisexesheni, zifune ukhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka zize zibe nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokufundisa ngokuncancisa nesondlo. " Kwezinye iindawo le nkxaso ifikelela phantse kwisiqingatha seentsapho ezisedolophini okanye esixekweni.
Nangona kunjalo, ababhali babhala, "Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo akuzange kuhambisane nemigaqo-nkqubo ejongene nezizathu zentlupheko eBrazil, ezifana nokufikelela kumhlaba okanye iiklasi ezinelungelo kunye nezityebi kwinkqubo yerhafu. Ngenxa yoko, iBrazil iyaqhubeka ingomnye we olona luntu lungalinganiyo ehlabathini."
Ngo-2006, uLula waphinda waphumelela isikhundla sobongameli, inxalenye yombulelo kwiimanyano kunye nemibutho efana ne-MST, eyayimxhasa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba enye indlela yayimbi kakhulu. Umgqatswa ochasayo ohamba phambili wayemele awona mandla atshabalalisayo ephiko lasekunene kunye ne-elite. Elinye inqaku lomhleli kwiphephandaba elinenkqubela Brasil de Fato ngelo xesha lichazwe, "Uhlalutyo lweminyaka emine yekota yokuqala kaMongameli uLula e-ofisini kukhokelela kwibhalansi edanisayo kubasebenzi, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into malunga noqoqosho." Nangona kunjalo inqaku lomhleli licele abafundi ukuba "bahlule ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kotshaba lwethu oluphambili, iintshaba zethu kunye namahlakani ethu. Naphi na apho sifumana oku kungalunganga, siphela soyisiwe .... Ngoko ke, ukuvotela uLula, nangona kungekho nkohliso malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wezoqoqosho, Umsebenzi wethu sonke thina basebenza kunye nabantu baseBrazil. "
U-Edgardo Lander, umbhali wesahluko seVenezuela, ubetha ibhalansi enomdla xa ehlola amathemba kunye nemingeni kweli lizwe. I-Lander ixoxa ngobuninzi bamaqela amatsha asebumelwaneni, amabhunga oluntu, izangqa zaseBolivarian, kunye neeyunithi zokulwa zonyulo eziye zaphuhliswa ngurhulumente ngokusebenzisana namacandelo ezentlalo. Ubudlelwane phakathi koluntu oluthatha inxaxheba kwezi nkqubo kunye noRhulumente buye bahluka ngokobunzulu nokuzimela kule minyaka kwaye bubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamava. Kwelinye icala, uLander ubhala ukuba uninzi lweenkqubo zikarhulumente nezopolitiko eziqhwatyelwa izandla ngokubanzi โzixhomekeke kakhulu kwingeniso yeoli, kangangokuba ukuhla okuphawulekayo kokugqibela kunokubeka engozini ukuqhubeka kwazo.โ
Ngokuphathelele uMongameli uHugo Chavรฉz, uLander uthi "indlela yakhe yobunkokeli inokuba ngumqobo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi ukuba uninzi lwezigqibo eziphambili nezincinci zenkqubo zihlala zisezandleni zakhe, ngaloo ndlela kuvala umnyango kwiimfuno ezingxamisekileyo zokumiselwa koluntu. ulawulo kunye nombutho kunye nokuzimela kwentshukumo ethandwayo Ukuxhomekeka okukhulu kwenkqubo yenguqu kumntu omnye kwenza inkqubo ngokwayo ibe sesichengeni kakhulu."
Kwisahluko saseArgentina, uFederico Schuster ubhala ukuba urhulumente we-Nestor Kirchner akazange ahoywe kwaye ahlukanise amacandelo ahlukeneyo okunyakaza kwe-piquetero ukuze adilizwe. U-Kirchner akazange anyanzelise ukunyakaza, esazi ukuba ukwenza oko kuya kuvelisa i-backlash enkulu-njengoko yenzayo ngokufa kwee-piqueteros ezimbini phantsi koMongameli wangaphambili u-Eduardo Duhalde. โEjongene neli themba, ukhethe iqhinga lokuphelisa inkcaso,โ ubhala watsho uSchuster. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwakhiwo kunye nomanyano, iintshukumo zingqineke zingenazinzo kulo mongo. "
Ekuqaleni kwe INew Latin American Ekhohlo, abahleli bachaza ukuba le ncwadi ayingomsebenzi ogqibayo; uninzi lwale ntshukumo kunye noorhulumente ababhali abajolise kubo basandula kungena kulawulo, ngoko ke kunzima ukwenza "uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo." Ukanti ekucazululeni imbali yamva nje yeLatin America entsha eshiyekileyo, le ncwadi inika ukukhanya kwimingeni ekhawulezileyo ebangelwa lubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho yezentlalo, amaqela ezopolitiko, kunye noorhulumente kwenye indawo kulo mmandla, ukusuka eLima ukuya eTegucigalpa.
Igcwele ngasemva kolwazi kunye nohlalutyo oluvula amehlo, le ncwadi kufuneka ifundwe kuye nabani na onomdla kwezona ziganeko zimangalisayo zezopolitiko kweli shumi leminyaka.
Reclaiming Latin America: Experiments in Radical Social Democracy ikwabonelela ngobunzulu kunye nentshayelelo efikelelekayo kwipolitiki yaseLatin America. Ngelixa uthintela uhlalutyo oluphezulu kunye ne-leftist cheerleading elula, le ncwadi ijongana nobunzima kunye nokwahluka kwe-Latin America entsha.
Uninzi lwabanegalelo kule ncwadi babhala ngotshintsho olwenziwa ngasekhohlo ngokuchwayita malunga notshintsho lolwandle lwe-geopolitical. Njengoko umhlalutyi u-Emir Sader esitsho, โAbongameli abalishumi elinanye baseLatin America baye bakhutshelwa ngaphandle phambi kokuphela kwegunya labo kule minyaka ilishumi elinesihlanu idlulileyo, hayi ngokwenkqubo yesithethe yobhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini oluxhaswa yi-US, kodwa ngentshukumo yeentshukumo ezidumileyo ezichasene nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal. Umzamo omnye wakudala wexesha, ngokuchasene noChavez ngo-2002, woyiswa. Esi sicatshulwa kunye namanye amagqabaza anika ithemba angasekhohlo kuyo yonke le ncwadi agqunyelelwa lubhukuqo-mbuso lwaseHonduras, olwenzeka emva kokuba le ncwadi igqityiwe. Ndiyazibuza ukuba ababhali bebenokuthi baluguqule njani uvavanyo lwabo ukuba bebebhale izahluko zabo emva kokuba uMongameli Manuel Zelaya ekhutshiwe kwiipajamas zakhe eCosta Rica.
Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iziganeko zamva nje ezinzulu njengoko ubhukuqo-mbuso lwaseHonduras luqhubeka eLatin America kwaye le ncwadi ibonelela ngemephu etyebileyo yemisinga esashukumayo ilizwekazi. Le ncwadi ikhanya ngakumbi xa ababhali besiya kubudlelwane phakathi kweentshukumo zentlalo kunye noorhulumente abasekhohlo kulo mmandla.
Okuphambili kule ncwadi yimibuzo yamandla, ukuzimela, kunye neendlela ezizinzileyo zotshintsho olukhulu. Njengoko umhleli uGeraldine Lievesley ebhala, "Oorhulumente bedemokhrasi yentlalontle banokuxhasa inguqu yentlalontle kodwa abanako ukuyiphuhlisa, badibanise kwaye bayigcine. Oku kunokwenziwa kuphela ngabantu ngokwabo, abasebenza kwiindawo zoluntu kunye nokwakha amakhonkco kunye nabanye, abantu abanengqondo efanayo ngaphakathi kunye ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe oku akuthethi ukuba amaqela anjalo akafanele ajongane noRhulumenteโoku akunakuphephekaโkodwa kufuneka abumbe aze alawule obo lwalamano.
Le ncwadi ikwabandakanya iingxoxo ngendima edlalwe yimibutho yezentlalo ekunyuleni oorhulumente basekhohlo. UFransisco Dominguez ubhala athi, "IBrazilian [Iqela labasebenzi] i-PT isuka kumbutho wabasebenzi odlamkileyo weminyaka yoo-1970, kwaye iMAS yaseBolivia yaqala kumanyano lwe-cocalero lwabalimi be-cocaโฆ. E-Argentina ubukhulu becala yayizizenzo ezingamawaka amane ezingaqhelekanga zepiqueteros. (abathinteli bendlela) okwakhokelela ekugxothweni kukaMongameli Fernando de la Rua ngoDisemba 2001."
I-Uruguay ichazwe kwi Ukubuyisela iLatin America njengomzekelo onika umdla nongumzekelo wenkokeli yasekhohlo ethatha amandla ngenkxaso kuthungelwano olusuka kumaziko aphantsi. U-Lievesley ubhala ukuba iFrente Amplio (Broad Front), umbutho wezopolitiko kunye nemanyano kaMongameli wangoku uTabarรฉ Vรกzquez, yadalwa ngo-1971 kwingqokelela yamaChristian Democrats, amanxele, amakomanisi, kunye noonontlalontle abaye bamanyana ukophula umthetho wamaqela amabini wombutho. Iqela leBlanco kunye neColorado. La maqela mabini alawula ilizwe ukusukela ngo-1830 xa iUruguay yafumana inkululeko kwiSpain. โAbasunguli beFrente baseka iikomiti zesiseko, iikomiti eziphantsi abanethemba lokuba ziya kukhuthaza uthatho-nxaxheba kwidemokhrasi kwaye zibe negalelo kwinguqu yenkqubo yezopolitiko efihlakeleyo,โ ubhala watsho uLievesley. Ezona njongo ziphambili zeFA kwasekuqaleni yayiluhlengahlengiso lomhlaba kunye necandelo likarhulumente elomeleleyo.
Nangona umanyano lwe-FA lwajamelana nengcinezelo, ukuthuthunjiswa, kunye nokunyamalala okuxhaphakileyo ebudeni bolawulo lobuzwilakhe olwaqala ngowe-1973, lwaphinda lwavela njengomkhosi wezopolitiko ngokubuyela kwidemokhrasi ngowe-1984. Vรกzquez njengosodolophu waseMontevideo, isixeko esilikomkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uLievesley ubhala athi, โUkususela ngo-1989, umgama okhulayo uye wakhula phakathi kweqela leFrente elinebhongo kunye nengcambu yaloโฆ bajonge umbutho njengendlela yokuqhubela phambili imisebenzi yabo. "
Inkqubo yezopolitiko yaseBolivarian eVenezuela phantsi kukaHugo Chavez ibe namandla ngakumbi kune-FA e-Uruguay. Isahluko esinye siphonononga idemokhrasi yezentlalo ngaphakathi kweenkqubo zayo zemfundo, ezempilo, kunye noluntu. Umbhali uSara C. Motta uchaza ezinye zeenkqubo zentlalo karhulumente kwi-barrio yaseLa Vega eCaracas, eVenezuela: "[H]impilo inokuba ngumcimbi othile osonjululwe ngendlela esebenzayo ejongela phantsi intlangano yoluntu kwaye ngoko ke uphuhliso lwentlalo yoluntu idemokhrasi. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elibuthathaka kukuzimela koluntu kunye nokukwazi ukuzicwangcisa, uMotta uyacacisa.
Nge-Mission Ribas, iiklasi zifundiswa kwiindawo ezihlala kulo lonke ilizwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekuhlaleni zoluntu. Abafundi basebenzisa imfundo yabo ukusombulula iingxaki kwiindawo abahlala kuzo ngeeprojekthi nocwangciso. U-Elizabeth, othatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo, ubonisa, "Siye saququzelela kulo lonke elaseLa Vega. Uninzi lwabafundi ngabasetyhini. Kuye kwaba ngamava okukhululwa kum kunye nabanye abaninzi abaye baqala ukukholelwa ekukwazini ukucombulula iingxaki kwiingxaki zoluntu. uluntu." Ukanti ekusombululeni ingxaki yezindlu okanye yenkonzo karhulumente, ubhala uMotta, le mfundo โizama ukwenza umfundi akwazi ukufumana izicombululo kwiingxaki ezithile, ezifana nokunqongophala kwezindlu, ngaphakathi kwemida yamagunya abanzi. izakhiwo ezibanzi, kodwa hayi ukuziguqula.
I-Motta iphinda ibhale nge-Consejos Comunales, enika indlela yokuba abemi abaqhelekileyo bathathe inxaxheba kulawulo kunye nokulawulwa kweemali kunye nezibonelelo. Ngale nkqubo, uluntu lungazihlanganisa lube yi-Consejo kunye nommeli, emva koko bayile izindululo kunye neeprojekthi. "I-Consejos ilinge lokudala isethi entsha yamaziko karhulumente adlula i-State yendabuko, kwaye asasaze amandla ngendlela yentando yesininzi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba," ubhala uMotta.
Kwenye intlanganiso kazwelonke ejongene nale nkqubo, iqela elisebenzayo liqukumbela ngelithi, โKufuneka sifumane izixhobo zokukwazi ukulwa nolawulo-melo kwaye sifune indlela yokususa iinkokeli ezifuna ukusilawula, zijonge ukugcina awazo amandla kwaye abahlula uluntu." Umthathi-nxaxheba u-Edenis Guilarte uthi, โInto esiyenzayo kukuqeqesha, ukudala ingqondo, okuyinkqubo ehamba ngaphaya kokulungiswa kwendlela, ukufumana inkonzo, ukunika amandla ukufikelela emanzini, yinkqubo enkulu, inkqubo yokutshintsha kwentlalo, ukulwa imibono kunye nokusebenza."
Ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na izithintelo kwiiConsejos Comunales, zisabonelela ngeendawo ezintsha zokukhula kunye neempendulo zasekhaya kuphuhliso, ezilahla utyekelo lomthengi kwaye zibanga ukuzimela ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Consejos inike abantu imbewu ukuba bakhule ngaphaya koRhulumente. Ukanti, uMotta uqukumbela ngelithi, umzabalazo wezopolitiko "ujikeleza umbuzo wokuba ingaba [i-consinjos comunales] ibe liziko elihambisa iimfuno zoluntu oluhluphekayo kwidemokhrasi yentlalontle yendawo (ngawo onke amathuba kunye nezithintelo ezibandakanya oku) okanye nokuba ziyakwazi na. ukwanda kweemfuno zolawulo loluntu olucela umngeni kubudlelwane bongxowankulu kunye noluntu."
UJohn Crabtree ufake isandla kwisahluko saseBolivia esinika inkcazo emfutshane yembali yezopolitiko nezentlalo yelizwe, iingcambu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente we-Evo Morales, kunye nezenzo zemibutho yentlalontle ekulawuleni ikusasa lelizwe. UCrabtree ujonge indima edlalwe nguRhulumente ekulawuleni imithombo yerhasi yendalo ukususela oko uMorales wathatha isikhundla, kwaye uchaza indibano ebambeleyo ukuze iphinde ibhale umgaqo-siseko welizwe kunye nezahlulo zengingqi nezopolitiko eBolivia. Ujonga iinkqubo ezintsha zentlalo zikaMorales kwimpilo, imfundo, kunye nezindlu kwaye uchaza ubudlelwane bukaMorales kunye nezinye iinkokeli zengingqi ezifuna ukuzimela eWashington. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo kwiindawo ezininzi, uCrabtree uthi, "I-MAS yayingenalo inkqubo echazwe ngokucacileyo; yayingenawo amava kurhulumente; oomatshini ababenabo bokulawula utshintsho babengekho; kwaye yayingeyonto yombutho oqeqeshwe ngokuqinileyo. ."
Kwisahluko eBrazil, uSue Branford uchaza ulonwabo loloyiso lukaLula, kodwa uyaqhubeka ebhala ukuba nangona kukho intetho enxaxhileyo kunye nezithembiso kwisiseko sakhe kumzila wephulo, ekuthatheni kwakhe isikhundla okokuqala uLula wajika umva kwinkqubela phambili yakhe. abaxhasi: "Isivumelwano kunye ne-IMF saqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-surplus yecandelo likarhulumente, efunekayo kwinkonzo yetyala langaphakathi, ibekwe phezulu, kwi-4.25 yeepesenti ye-GDP, kunokuba i-IMF ifuna." ULula kamva wabhengeza ukucuthwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngeepesenti ezingama-45 okwachaphazela ngokungafanelekanga iinkqubo zentlalo yabantu abahluphekayo. NgoMeyi ka-2003, intswela-ngqesho yafikelela kuma-20.6 ekhulwini, irekhodi elitsha ngelo xesha. Ndiyabulela kuLula, iinkampani zangaphandle ngoku zilawula amashishini, ezolimo, kunye namacandelo ebhanki kunye nezityalo ze-GM, eziqhutywe ngokukodwa yiMonsanto, ziveliswa kulo lonke ilizwe.
Ukubuyisela iLatin America izimisele ukugubungela umhlaba omninzi kwaye iyaphumelela ekwenzeni oko ngezinye izahluko zaseArgentina, eCuba, eChile, eMexico nakuwo wonke ummandla. Ngokubanzi, abaxhasi bencwadi bagcina ibhalansi ephilileyo yokuhlalutya kunye nokunika ingxelo, bephosa i-anecdote ngamaxesha athile kunye neprose egcina amaphepha ajika.
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UBenjamin Dangl ngumbhali wencwadi ezayo Ukudansa ngeDynamite: Iintshukumo zeNtlalo kunye naMazwe aseLatin America (I-AK Press, 2010).