Kuyadabukisa ukubona iinkululeko ziqhutywa liza le-hysteria malunga nomngcipheko wemfazwe wolwazi waseRussia kunye nefuthe elinokubakho phezu okanye nokubanjwa komongameli weTrump. Ikwayingozi kakhulu kwintlalontle yoluntu njengoko inceda ekuhlanganiseni amandla ombutho wezomkhosi-wemizi-mveliso, amahlakani ayo eqela lemfazwe, kunye nemikhosi yezopolitiko yobuzwe obunzulu abathi iinkululeko zithi ziyayichasa. Le mikhosi yezopolitiko inokulungisa umgca weqela elikhawuleza libe yinyaniso engenakuphikiswa kumajelo aqhelekileyo (MSM). Ke, kunye neSoviet Union yabhengeza "ubukumkani obubi" inokuphawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kulwaphulo-mthetho olungazange lwenze (umzekelo, ukuququzelela umzamo wokubulala uPope John Paul II ngo-1981), kunye noSaddam Hussein unokufunyanwa ehlangene ne-Al Qaeda kunye. ephethe isitokhwe esikhulu sezixhobo zokutshabalalisa ngo-2003, ubuxoki bokuba i-MSM yayingenangxaki yokuginya.
U-Boris Yeltsin, ehlala kwiingcebiso zase-US kunye noxinzelelo ukusuka kwi-1991-2000, yonakalisa kakhulu impilo yabantu bakhe (i-GDP yaseRashiya yawa ngama-50 ekhulwini, phakathi kwe-1991-1998), kodwa, ngelixa wayedala i-oligarchic kunye ne-authoitarian yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko. waye wanconywa njengomntu omkhulu wedemokhrasi kwi-MSM. Uloyiso lukaYeltsin kunyulo ngo-1996, encediswa kakhulu ngabacebisi base-US, amacebiso kunye nemali, kwaye ngenye indlela enobuqhophololo obunzulu, yayiyi "Uloyiso lweDemokhrasi yaseRashiya" (NYT, ed,, Julayi 4, 1996). Umlandeli wakhe, uVladimir Putin, ngokuthe ngcembe elahla i-Yeltsin-era subservience, yaba sisisongelo esikhulayo. Ukunyulwa kwakhe kwakhona ngo-2012, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo kwakunganyanisekanga kuno-Yeltsin ngo-1996, waphathwa ngqwabalala kumajelo eendaba. Akukho "loyiso lwedemokhrasi yaseRashiya" apha, kwaye inqaku eliphambili le-NYT ngoMeyi 5, 2012 libonise "impama ebusweni" evela kubabukeli be-OSCE, amabango okungabikho kokhuphiswano lokwenyani, kunye "namawakawaka abaqhankqalazi abachasene norhulumente bahlanganisana kwisikwere saseMoscow ukuze bacule ' IRashiya ngaphandle kukaPutin '" (u-Ellen Barry noMichael Schwartz, "Emva koNyulo, uPutin ujongene nemingeni yoBusemthethweni"). Kwakungekho "mingeni esemthethweni" echazwe kwi-MSM ekuphumeleleni kwe-Yeltsin ekhohlakeleyo kwi-1996, nangona yayikhohlakele kangangokuba i-Yeltsin inokuthi iphulukene nolonyulo kodwa ngenxa yokubala ngobuqhetseba (ngoFebruwari 20, 2012, uMongameli waseRashiya ophumayo uDmitri Medvedev wothuka. iqela elincinane leendwendwe ngokuvuma ukuba uYeltsin usenokuba uphulukene nolonyulo luka-1996 kwiCommunist Gennadi Zyuganov).
Inkqubo ezinzileyo ye-Putin yokudemoni yanda ngengxaki yase-Ukraine ka-2014 kunye nokulandelelana kwayo kwemfazwe yaseKiev ngokuchasene ne-East Ukraine, inkxaso yaseRashiya yokumelana ne-Eastern Ukraine, kunye ne-referendum yaseCrimea kunye nokufakwa kweCrimea yiRashiya. Konke oku kwabhengezwa "njengokundlongondlongo" yi-US kunye namahlakani ayo kunye nabathengi, izohlwayo zabekwa eRashiya kunye ne-US-NATO buildup kwimida yaseRashiya yanda. Ukuxhatshazwa kwanyuka ngakumbi ngokudubula kwe-Malaysian Airlines MH-17, ngokufanelekileyo kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo, ityholwa kubavukeli be-"pro-Russian" kunye neRashiya ngokwayo (jonga uRobert Parry, "Izikhewu eziNgxaki kwiNgxelo entsha ye-MH-17," i-Consortiumnews. com, ngoSeptemba 28, 2016). Omnye unobangela wobudemon kunye nobutshaba obuchasene neRussia ubangele ungenelelo olwandisiweyo lwaseRussia eSyria ukuxhasa uBashar al-Saddad kunye ne-ISIS. I-US kunye ne-NATO kunye namahlakani asekuhlaleni akuMbindi Mpuma aye ahlasela iSyria kunye ne-de facto ngokubambisana ne-ISIS kunye ne-Al-Nusrah, ihlumelo le-Al Qaeda. Ungenelelo lwaseRashiya lwajika, injongo ye-US (njl) yokususa i-Saddad yayikhathazekile kwaye i-US ally e-US, i-ISIS, nayo yayibuthathaka kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuziphatha kweedemon. Inqanaba elilandelayo neliqhubekayo le-anti-Russian hysteria lalisekelwe ekungeneni kweRashiya kwiphulo likamongameli we-2016 kunye nendima ekhulayo ye-CIA kunye nezinye iinkonzo zokhuseleko zase-US ekuphunyezweni kwe-hysteria, ngokubambisana ngokusondeleyo ne-MSM. Kwingxoxo yesithathu kamongameli, ngo-Oktobha 19, 2016, uClinton wachaza ukuba iTump iya kuba nguPutin "puppet" njengomongameli, kwaye iphulo lakhe ligxininise kakhulu kule nto. Olu gxininiso lwenyuka emva konyulo, ngoncedo lwamajelo eendaba kunye neenkonzo zobuntlola njengoko inkampu yeClinton ifuna ukuchaza ilahleko yonyulo kwaye mhlawumbi ifumane iziphumo zonyulo kwiinkundla okanye kwikholeji yonyulo ngokubeka ityala eRashiya.
Uxhulumaniso lukaPutin lunikwe amandla amakhulu ngoJanuwari 6, i-2017 ukukhutshwa kwengxelo ye-Ofisi yoMlawuli woBuntlola beSizwe, kwiNtlawulo yoVavanyo lweMisebenzi yaseRashiya kunye neNjongo kuNyulo lwakutsha nje lwase-US Olu xwebhu lufutshane luchitha malunga nesiqingatha sendawo yalo echaza isiRashiya. -Inkxaso yenethiwekhi ye-RT-TV ebonakala iqwalasela umthombo wepropaganda ongekho mthethweni njengoko ihlala ibika kwaye igxeka umgaqo-nkqubo kunye namaziko ase-US. I-RT kuthiwa iyinxalenye โyephulo lempembeleloโ yaseRashiya, equka ukunika ingxelo ngezifundo iinkokeli zaseRashiya ezibona zinomdla waseRashiya. "Sivavanya iphulo lempembelelo elinqwenelwa ukunceda uMongameli-onyule amathuba okuphumelela kukaMongameli uTrump xa kunokwenzeka ngokugxeka uNobhala uClinton kunye nokumatanisa esidlangalaleni ngokungathandekiyo kuMongameli onyuliweyo." Akukho kufana kobungqina bokuba bekukho "iphulo" elicwangcisiweyo endaweni yokuvakalisa uluvo kunye nezigwebo zeendaba ezinxulumeneyo. Zonke iingqiqo kunye nobungqina be "iphulo lempembelelo" yaseRashiya inokusetyenziswa ngamandla alinganayo kunyango lweendaba zase-US kulo naluphi na unyulo lwaseRashiya.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimizamo yabo yokubonisa ukuba amaRashiya angenelele ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yonyulo yase-US, ababhali bakhusela ngokuthi ingxelo ayiboneleli "ubungqina obuxhasayo obupheleleyo," kodwa ayinikeli bungqina buxhasayo-kuphela iziqinisekiso, uvavanyo, iingcamango kunye nobungqina. uqikelelo. Itsho ngokuphandle ukuba "Siyayivavanya ukuba ... Kananjalo ayiniki bungqina bokuba iRussia yagqekeza i-imeyile ye-DNC, uClinton kunye ne-Podesta, okanye inike ulwazi olugqekeziweyo kwiWikiLeaks. UJulian Assange kunye noCraig Murray baye babanga ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba le mithombo ikhutshwe ngabantu basekhaya, ayizange igqekezwe nguye nabani na. Kwaye iingcali ze-arhente yezobuntlola uWilliam Binney kunye noRay McGovern nabo bathi ubungqina beWikiLeaks buvuziwe ngokuqinisekileyo, khange bugqekezwe ("Ityala elingathandekiyo kwi-Russian 'Hacking'," Consortiumnews.com, Januwari 2015, 6). Kunika umdla ukuba phakathi kwee-arhente zobuntlola ezityikitye kuxwebhu lwe-DNI, oyena unogcino olukhulu-kuphela โโukuzithemba okuphakathiโโyayiyi-NSA, eyi-arhente ecace gca ukuba inobubungqina besiRashiya. ukukhwabanisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwi-Wiki-Leaks kunye nayo nayiphi na "imiyalelo" evela kuPutin.
Ngokukhawuleza emva konyulo, uClinton watyhola intloko ye-FBI uJames Comey ngokuvula kwakhona kwaye ngokukhawuleza walivala ityala ekusebenziseni kwakhe ngaphandle kwemvume ye-imeyile yabucala, njengeyona nto iphambili ekuphulukaneni kwakhe nonyulo ("uClinton Utyhola uMlawuli weFBI ngokukoyiswa kwakhe, โ NYT, ngoNovemba 13, 2016). Oku kuphakamisa ukuba naye kunye nabakhankasi bakhe abazange bathathele ingqalelo isityholo sokuqhekezwa kweRashiya kunye nesityhilelo seWikiLeaks njengento ebalulekileyo. Kodwa unxibelelwano lwaseRashiya-lukaPutin lwaqhubeka kwaye lwanda ngakumbi.
I-MSM ayikhange inike ngqalelo kwipolitiki yee-arhente zobuntlola kula matyala. Elona tyala lihlala lihleli nelibalulekileyo elibandakanya iRussia liye lenzakalisa uTrump kunye nawo nawaphi na amathemba oxolo anokuwaziswa bubongameli bakhe. Kodwa isiqendu se-FBI-Clinton sasisonakalisa uClinton kwaye sazuza amathuba onyulo lukaTrump. Enye ithiyori yeyokuba ubunkokeli be-FBI bathanda uTrump ngelixa iCIA ithanda uClinton. Enye ithiyori yeyokuba ii-arhente zobuntlola azithembanga namnye umgqatswa, ngoko wonzakala kanobom uClinton emva koko bajikela imipu kuTrump, kunye ne-FBI isayine kwii-arhente ezidibeneyo "Uvavanyo" emva kokugqiba noClinton. (URobert Parry, "I-Spy Coup eMelika?" Consortiumnews.com, ngoDisemba 18, 2016.)
Kodwa ubutshaba be-CIA kuTrump bubonakale, kwaye ukungenelela kwabo ngokungenangqondo kwinkqubo yonyulo kwaphule umhlaba omtsha kwinkonzo yezopolitiko eyimfihlo. Owayesakuba yintloko yeCIA uMichael Morell wayene-5 ka-Agasti 2016 op-ed kwi-New York Times enesihloko esithi "Ndayiqhuba i-CIA Ngoku Ndivuma uHillary Clinton"; kunye nowayesakuba ngumphathi weCIA uMichael Hayden wayene-op-ed kwiPosi yaseWashington, kwiintsuku nje ngaphambi konyulo, enesihloko esithi "Owayesakuba yiNtloko yeCIA: UTrump sisidenge saseRussia esiluncedo" (Novemba 3, 2016). Olu hlaselo lwalusisithuko esingenasiphelo kuTrump kunye nembeko kuClinton, nangona okubangel 'umdla akukhankanywa ngokugqwesa okanye ukonakala kweenkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya wabaviwa. Kucace gca ukuba indlela kaClinton eyoyikisayo eSyria naseRussia ikhethwa kakhulu kunotyekelo lukaTrump malunga nothethathethwano kunye nentsebenziswano neRussia.
Ngoko ke injongo nokubaluleka koVavanyo kucacile. Incinci kwaye iyahlekisa nangona ubungqina bayo bokuba uPutin uyalele iphulo lobuxoki kunye nee-imeyile ze-imeyile zaseRashiya ezithunyelwa nge-WikiLeaks zinokuba, ukukhululwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokubaluleka kwesi sixhobo emva kolawulo olungenayo yayilinyathelo elikhulu lezopolitiko yi-arhente ngokomgaqo. phantsi kweenkokeli zezopolitiko. Ewe ilandela amaqhinga afanayo ngolawulo luka-Obama olushiyayo, esinye sezenzo zakhe zokugqibela ekugxothweni kwabasebenzi bozakuzo baseRussia abangama-35 ngokuziphindezela ngenxa yokuxhwilwa kweRussian (apho u-Obama ebengakholelwa nokuyikholelwa-kwinkomfa yakhe yokugqibela yabezindaba ebebhekisa โkukuvuzaโ endaweni "yokuqhekezwa"). Kodwa inqaku lezopolitiko kuVavanyo kubonakala ngathi, ubuncinci, ukubopha izandla zolawulo lukaTrump kubudlelwane babo neRussia.
Oku bekuyinyani kwi-scandal eyongezelelekileyo kunye nomnxeba kaMichael Flynn ovela kuNozakuzaku waseRashiya, mhlawumbi kuquka utshintshiselwano malunga nezenzo zomgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo. Oku kuye kwaqondwa ngokukhawuleza ngamagosa ka-Obama aphumayo kunye nabasebenzi bezokhuseleko, kunye ne-FBI igocagoca u-Flynn kunye namazwi axhaphakileyo oloyiko ngesenzo sika-Flynn, ekutyholwa ukuba wayenokumenza ukuba amenze amatyala. Kodwa ezo ntlanganiso zangaphambi kokumiselwa noonozakuzaku baseRussia ibe "yinto eqhelekileyo" ngokukaJack Matlock, unozakuzaku wase-US eRussia phantsi kukaReagan noBush, kwaye uMatlock wayezilungiselele ngokwakhe intlanganiso enjalo uCarter. Umcebisi ka-Obama waseRashiya, uMichael McFaul, wavuma ukuba wayetyelele eMoscow kwiingxoxo namagosa ngo-2008 nangaphambi konyulo. UDaniel Lazare wenza ityala elihle lokuba ukungabikho semthethweni kunye nokusongela kwe-blackmail akunakwenzeka, ukuba ukugonywa kwe-FBI ku-Flynn reeks of entrapment, kwaye ubuza ukuba yintoni ephosakeleyo ngokuzama ukunciphisa ukungavisisani neRashiya? "Kodwa iinkululeko ezichasene noTrump zizama ukukholisa uluntu ukuba yonke into 'imbi kuneWatergate'." ("Iidemokhrasi, iiLiberals, Bamba iMcCarthyistic Fever," Consortiumnews.com, ngoFebruwari 17, 2017.)
Enye yezinto ezimbalwa ezintle zephulo likaTrump yaba kukwala ukwenza idemoni uPutin kunye nomqondiso womnqweno wokulungisa ubudlelwane neRussia. Ngenxa yokukhula kunye namandla e-complex yezomkhosi-mveliso, kunye nee-arhente zokhuseleko, kwakukho umdla onamandla wobudlelwane obuqhubekayo kunye neRashiya, ebonakaliswe kuVavanyo kunye nezinye ii-arhente zokhuseleko ezivuzayo kunye nezifihlakeleyo, kunye nentsebenziswano yamajelo eendaba (njengoko ekupapasheni kwabo iileta zonyulo zeCIA).
Ukunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo loVavanyo kwiphulo laseRashiya โlempembelelo,โ i-MSM yazixakekisa kakhulu โngeendaba zomgunyathi,โ zihlala zibotshelelwa ngokuphandle okanye ngokucacileyo eRashiya. Inyani engathandekiyo kulo mongo kukuba ukubhengezwa kukaClinton, DNC, kunye nee-imeyile ze-Podesta ekutyholwa ukuba ziqhekezwe yiRussia zichaze iinyani malunga nokunyangwa konyulo egameni lephulo likaClinton elinokuthi lichaphazele iziphumo zonyulo. Ugqaliselo kungenelelo olungekhoyo lwaseRashiya lwanceda ukuphambukisa ingqwalasela kolu xhatshazo lokwenyani lonyulo. Iindaba zobuxoki ezisemthethweni kunye ne-MSM zincede ukungcwaba iindaba zokwenyani.
Esona siganeko simangalisayo seendaba kweli phulo lokuchasa impembelelo, ebelililo kwaye liseliphulo lokwenyani lokuchasa iintsholongwane zaseRussia, yayiyiklasi yaseWashington Post nguCraig Timberg, "Umzamo wobuxoki waseRussia wanceda ekusasazeni 'iindaba zobuxoki' ngexesha lonyulo, iingcali zithi" (NgoNovemba 24, 2016). Eli nqaku libonisa ingxelo yombhali okanye ababhali abangaziwa, iPropOrNot, "iqela eligxininisa ukungaziwa koluntu" ngokutsho kwabahleli beWP. Eli qela libanga ukuba lifumene iiwebhusayithi ezingama-200 ngokungazi okanye ngokungazi, "zazingabathengisi bepropaganda yaseRussia." Ngelixa bezidyobha ezi webhusayithi, "iingcali" zala ukuzazisa kuba zisoyika "ukujoliswa yimikhosi yabaqhekezi abanezakhono."
Njengoko uMat Taibbi esitsho, "Ufuna ukubeka uluhlu lwabantu abamnyama, kodwa awuzukubeka igama lakho kumabango akho? Thatha uhambo. " ("Ibali le-'Washington Post's 'Blacklist' Lihlazo kwaye lizothe," i-RollingStone.com, ngoNovemba 28, i-2016.) Kodwa i-WP yamkele kwaye ibonise lo msebenzi we-smear, onokuthi ube yimveliso ye-Pentagon okanye ye-CIA yolwazi lwemfazwe (kwaye baxhaswa ngemali kwaye bangene kakhulu kwishishini le-propaganda).
I-NYT iqhube intamo kunye ne-WP ekuvuseleleni ukwesaba kwemfazwe yolwazi lwaseRashiya kunye nokubandakanyeka okungafanelekanga kunye neTrump. Badibanisa ngokulula iindaba ezingeyonyani kunye naluphi na ukugxekwa kwamaziko amisiweyo, njengoko kuMark Scott kunye noMelissa Eddy, "IYurophu ilwa noTshaba olutsha lokuzinza kwezopolitiko: Iindaba ezikhohlakeleyo," ngoFebruwari 20, 2017; ihlalutyiwe, kuRobert Parry, "IiNdaba ezingeyonyani ze-NYT malunga neeNdaba ezingeyonyani," Consortium news.com, ngoFebruwari 22, 2017. Kodwa eyona nto ingaqhelekanga kukufana apho ababhali bemihlathi abaqhelekileyo bephepha bamkela uvavanyo lweCIA lwe-Russian hacking-transmission to WikiLeaks, ukoyikeka kwetyala likaFlynn, ukuba nokwenzeka okanye ukuba nokwenzeka ukuba uTrump ngunopopi kaPutin, kunye nemfuno engxamisekileyo yophando lweCongress kunye โnolungenamkhetheโ kula mabango. Oku kuginya kweqela elitsha kwande ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba enkululeko (umzekelo, uRobert Reich, uRyan Lizza, uJoan Walsh, uRachel Maddow, iwebhusayithi yeAlterNet, njl. njl.).
Nge-23 kaDisemba, i-2016 uMongameli u-Obama watyikitya i-Portman-Murphy "i-Counting Disinformation kunye ne-Propaganda Act," ekucingelwa ukuba iya kuvumela eli lizwe ukuba lilwe ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi ne-propaganda yangaphandle (isiRashiya, isiTshayina) kunye ne-disinformation. Iza kukhuthaza iinzame ezingakumbi zikarhulumente zokuchasa ipropaganda kwaye ibonelele ngenkxaso-mali kumaqumrhu angekho phantsi kukarhulumente eza kunceda ukuchasa ubuxoki.
Ngokucacileyo kulandelelwa kumabango okuqhekezwa kweRussia kunye nepropaganda, kwaye kunokuthiwa kulandelwa kuluhlu lwe-200 yokwazi okanye "izixhobo eziluncedo" zaseMoscow ezivezwe kwiWashington Post. Mhlawumbi i-PropOrNot iya kufaneleka ukufumana inkxaso-mali kwaye ikwazi ukwandisa uluhlu lwayo lwe-200. I-Liberals iye yathula kule isongelo entsha yenkululeko yokuthetha, eyasayinwa emthethweni ngolwesiHlanu, mhlawumbi ikhubazwe luloyiko lwabo lweendaba zobuxoki zaseRashiya. kunye neepropaganda. Kodwa banokuvuka, nokuba kusemva kwexesha, xa uTrump okanye omnye wabalandeli bakhe ebeka ukuba asebenze kwiimbono zabo zeendaba ezingeyonyani kunye nepropaganda.
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