I-GM
Ukubetha
NguDavid Bacon
Ukuphelisa uqhankqalazo lweendawo ezimbini zezityalo ezikufutshane
IDetroit-inkqubo ebidla ngokuthatha nje iintsuku ezimbalwa-endaweni yoko ithathe iiveki.
Kodwa ukulibaziseka kunye nongquzulwano olunenkani asiyiyo eyona nto ikhethekileyo ephawula olu qhankqalazo.
Yinyaniso yokuba abagwayi bemoto bakwaGeneral Motors kunyanzeleke ukuba bajongane ne
inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezilawula uqoqosho lwehlabathi-ukugqiba apho utyalo-mali
umpompoza, zeziphi izityalo ezikhula kwaye zeziphi ezifayo.
Uqhankqalazo lubonisa imilo
iingxabano ezizayo. Betyhalwa ngabaqeshi babo, abasebenzi base-US bacotha kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo
ukujoyina imibutho yabasebenzi kumazwe aphesheya, abathi batyhalelwe eludongeni lilizwe jikelele
inkqubo yezoqoqosho. UGM waqala ngokurhoxisa ukuzibophelela kumanyano lwasekhaya eFlint
Iziko leMetal kufutshane neDetroit, oomatshini bokushicilela abakhulu bakhupha amalungu omzimba phantse kuzo zonke
iimoto zenkampani. Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, abaphathi beGM banikezela ngokurhweba ngomsebenzi,
enye eye yenze ubomi emgqeni baba ngumntu ngakumbi, kutyalo-mali olutsha oluya kuthi
qinisekisa ikamva lomzi-mveliso.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abasebenzi e
UFlint usebenze ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lekhefu kunye nokutya, ukuze baphume emsebenzini
kwimizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kwexesha xa isabelo sabo semveliso sazaliswa. UGM wayefuna abasebenzi bahlale begcwele
iiyure ezisibhozo emgceni. Ngembuyekezo, inkampani yathembisa ukuba iza kuzisa oomatshini abatsha
isityalo, sisenza sibe nemveliso njengemizi-mveliso entsha eMexico naseBrazil. Kodwa entsha
utyalo-mali aluzange lwenzeke. Ekugqibeleni abasebenzi baphuma ukuze banyanzelise umcimbi. Nini
bayeka ukuvelisa iinxalenye, ezinye izityalo ezixhomekeke kuzo zanyanzeleka ukuba
misa imveliso ngokunjalo.
Uqhankqalazo luqale njenge
ukulwela imisebenzi. Umanyano kwi-Flint Metal Centre uyazi kakuhle ukuba ngaphandle kokutsha
utyalo-mali, imveliso iya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe idluliselwe kwezo zityalo apho inkampani inakho
kufakwe oomatshini abatsha. Ukuwa kwemveliso kuthetha ukuphela kwemisebenzi. Kodwa ukuze
ukukhusela loo misebenzi, abasebenzi kwafuneka bacele umngeni kwisicwangciso sikaGM sotyalo-mali lweshishini.
I-GM ikhethe ukuyishiya kancinci kancinci imizi-mveliso yayo yase-US, kwaye igxile ekwakheni entsha
izibonelelo kwenye indawo. Kwiveki emva kokuba uqhankqalazo luqalile eFlint, uxwebhu lwenkampani oluvuzayo
Izicwangciso zeshishini ezineenkcukacha zokwandisa imveliso eMexico ukusuka kwi-300,000 ukuya kwi-600,000 yezithuthi
ngo-2006. Icandelo lezahlulo likaGM's Delphi, umzi-mveliso walo waseDelphi East wadibana
I-Flint Metal Centre, sele ingumqeshi wabucala omkhulu waseMexico, kunye nama-72,000
ba sebenzi.
Ngelixa i-150,000 yase-US,
Abasebenzi baseCanada, nabaseMexico baphazanyiswe lugwayimbo, baye bajonga ngokubanzi
unobangela njengowabo. KwaseMexico, apho imivuzo ikwishumi lee-Detroit, abasebenzi
baxelelwa ukuba inkampani ingafumana indawo enexabiso eliphantsi yokwakha umzi-mveliso olandelayo. GM's
izinto eziphambili ngotyalo-mali zezona ngxaki ziphambili abasebenzi abajongene nazo kwiplanti nganye. Ukuba umanyano
iphumelele kwiFlint, kuya kuba lula kubo ukujongana nengxaki efanayo. Ababethi
ungacebisi ukuthintela utyalo-mali lweGM eMexico okanye kwamanye amazwe. Bakho
hayi abakhuseli. Bafuna nje ukuba inkampani ityale imali ngokwaneleyo kwi
US ukugcina umgangatho okhoyo wemveliso, kunye nenqanaba elithelekisekayo lobugcisa.
Kodwa loo mfuno yenze ugwayimbo lwezopolitiko kwaye kwanzima kakhulu ukululungisa. GM ayifuni
abasebenzi bayo bathathe inxaxheba kwizigqibo malunga neqhinga lotyalo-mali. Kwinkampani, oku
lilungelo elingcwele elashiywa bubukhapitali.
Abasebenzi ngaphandle kwe-US,
nangona kunjalo, bajonge ugwayimbo lweGM, bezibuza ukuba yintoni ethathe abasebenzi base-US ixesha elide ukuba bathathe
umba. Ukundwendwela i-US kwintwasahlobo ephelileyo, uYoon Youngmo, inkokeli yomkhosi waseMzantsi
I-Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU), ikhalimele oogxa bakhe apha ngokungalwi
nzima ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yabo. Wathi: โNiyenza ibe nzima ngakumbi kuthi
ukukhusela imisebenzi yethu eKorea, kuba urhulumente kunye nee-chaebols zihlala zisixelela ukuba masenze njalo
jonga eMelika. 'EMelika,' bathi, 'imibutho ayizami ukuyeka
ukudendwa okanye ukupheliswa kwemisebenzi, kwaye zezona manyano ziphambili ehlabathini. Yiba
isengqiqweni ngakumbi'.โ
EFlint, eMichigan kunye
ISeoul, eMzantsi Korea, iimanyano azisabethi ngemivuzo kunye nezibonelelo, kodwa ngaphezulu
imithetho elawula ukuba zeziphi iifektri ezivaliweyo, kwaye bangaphi abasebenzi abaza kubona imisebenzi yabo
shwaka kwinkqubo.
I-Flint kunye neSeoul ayikho
ekhethekileyo. IPuerto Rico isandula ukunyamezela uqhankqalazo lweentsuku ezimbini malunga nokuthengiswa kwabucala
inkqubo yayo yeemfonomfono, esongela ngokuphelisa amawaka emisebenzi. ERashiya, amakhulu
yabasebenzi basezimayini amalahle baye inkampu phambi Yeltsin kaThixo White House iinyanga, ebiza
ukuba arhoxe ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo eza kuvala isiqingatha semigodi yelizwe, kunye neyiphi
abanako nokuqinisekisa ngentlawulo yemivuzo yabasebenzi-mgodini. I-Yeltsin ngoku isongela ukulawula
ummiselo wokunyanzelisa isicwangciso sobungqongqo se-IMF.
Abasebenzi base-US amashumi eminyaka
babezigqala njengabahlukileyo kuko konke okuโbengaxhomekekanga kungquzulwano lodidi olunye
eye yatshintsha kakhulu abasebenzi kwezinye iindawo. Kodwa bafundiswa inyaniso entsha.
Ukungena kwenkunzi apho ingeniso iphezulu. Onke amazwe kufuneka akhuphisane ukuze adale kakhulu
iimeko ezilungileyo kutyalo-mali.
Abaququzeleli beManyano bane
esithi- "umphathi ngoyena mfundisi-ntsapho." UGeneral Motors uyabangqina
kunene.
Z
UDavid Bacon ngu
umbhali ozimeleyo kunye nomfoti.