Walker
If
akukho nto yimbi, iifracas zamva nje ePacifica kufuneka zisikhumbuze ngokubaluleka
yesakhiwo, sokwakha isiseko esivakalayo esiza kuvumela unomathotholo okhululekileyo
ukuphumelela. Kwiminyaka engama-50 kanomathotholo wasekuhlaleni, bekukho isikhululo esingako
izakhiwo njengoko bekukho izikhululo. Uninzi lwezi lunokungena kwi-rough ezintandathu
iindidi:
Ubuzwilakhe obulungileyo.
I-KRAB kaSeattle, ngamanyathelo athile isikhululo sikanomathotholo sanamhlanje sokuqala, sifanelekile
le modeli iminyaka yayo emithandathu yokuqala emoyeni. ULorenzo Milam waseka isikhululo
enombono othile engqondweni, waza wawunyanzelisa loo mbono. Bambalwa abachasayo,
kuba (a) wayeqale isitishi, emva kwayo yonke loo nto; (b) wayigcina ngokwemali
ukudada; kwaye (c) wayenoluvo olunyamezelayo nolwahlukileyo lokuba isikhululo kufuneka sithini na
usasazo, kwaye uthembeke abadwelisi benkqubo abalungileyo ukuba bazenzele ezabo izigqibo. Akazange
lawula ngesando. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ubuzwilakhe obulungileyo
ayizukwehla ibe kudidi lwethu lwesibini:
Ubuzwilakhe Obungendawo.
U-Milam washiya i-KRAB ngo-1968 kwaye, emva kwabaphathi abambalwa bexeshana, isikhululo sangena phantsi
ubugosa bukaRobert Friede, isinhanha esisisityebi esaziwayo ngokuba nalo
kutyholwa ukuba wabulala intombi yakhe emva eNew York. (Wafika eSeattle emva koko
ukuvalelwa iminyaka emibini kwintolongo yonxweme olusempuma.) Ukuba uzwilakhe onobubele uyalawula njenge
I-Taoist sage, uzwilakhe okhohlakeleyo ulawula njengo-Idi Amin. NjengoMilam, uFriede wayenayo
umbono wesikhululo kunye nengqiqo yoko kwenza unomathotholo olungileyo. Ngokungafaniyo noMilam, yena
wayesaziwa ngokucaphuka, ukuxhaphaza nokoyikisa amavolontiya
wanyusa umsindo wakhe. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesitishi baqhawuka.
UFriede waye, nangona kunjalo, a
okholelwa kwirediyo eqhutywa ngamavolontiya, nokuba uyamthelekisa nangakumbi
umbono onokuqikelelwa, ongeyontsholongwane okhethwa ngabathile kulawulo lwesitishi
ibhodi. Emva kokuba uFriede emkile, amandla atshintshela kuloo bhodi, evelisa eyesithathu
ifom yesakhiwo:
IBuremekhrasi enyanzelisayo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka: ukhetho lolawulo lwemihla ngemihla ngabasebenzi abahlawulwayo
phezu kolawulo lwamavolontiya; ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimali yesibonelelo; kwaye, rhoqo, a
ukhetho lwenkqubo ye-NPR "yobuchwephesha" kunokuba ngaphezulu
isandi esiphilileyo ngokwesithethe esinxulunyaniswa nonomathotholo wasekuhlaleni. IQumrhu le
Usasazo lukawonke-wonke luyityhalisile le modeli, uninzi lweSizwe
I-Federation of Community Broadcasters iyamkele, kwaye i-Pacifica ngoku iqinile
watshata kuyo. (Indawo yokugqibela yaseNew York, i-WBAI, yinto eyahlukileyo,
ngenxa yomanyano lwaso olomeleleyo.) Abaninzi banokuphikisa ukuba ezo zikhululo zezoluntu
iirediyo kuzo zonke; Ndizidwelisa apha kuphela kuba ziqulathe noko
ibonisa ezigcina umoya omdala wesikhululo, kwaye zihlala zibandakanya
Ungquzulwano phakathi kwabalawuli bangoku kunye nabo baphula-phuli kunye namavolontiya athi
ufuna ukutyhala isitishi sibuyele kwiingcambu zaso.
Inokwenzeka, ngendlela, ukuba
hlangula isikhululo kule meko. Zombini WORT e Madison, Wisconsin kunye KBOO in
EPortland, e-Oregon, phakathi kwabanye, baye bakhusela ngempumelelo i-bureaucracy
impazamo. I-WORT, ngokukodwa, ingumzekelo weentlobo zethu ezilandelayo:
IDemokhrasi eLungileyo.
Ezi zikhululo zilawulwa ngamaqumrhu anyuliweyo; uluntu oluvotayo lubandakanya
amavolontiya, abaxhasi babaphulaphuli, okanye indibaniselwano ethile. Ngaphandle kwe-WORT,
le modeli inokufumaneka kwi-WERU emaphandleni eMaine naseKGNU eBoulder, phakathi kwezinye
iindawo zokuthengisa. Ikwakhona nakwizikhululo โezincinciโ ezininzi ezingavumelekanga: Emantla
Irediyo yasimahla yaseCarolina iAsheville, iGainesville yaseFlorida yasimahla, njl.
Ngelishwa, iidemokhrasi ezinobuntu zihlala zisiba ngamalungu odidi
Ntlanu:
Idemokhrasi ekhohlakeleyo.
Oku kunokwahlulwa kwakhona kube ngamacandelwana amabini. Enye yiThe Time-brokered
Snoozefest. Enye yiMfazwe yamakhaya. Kwirediyo yorhwebo, ukuthengisa ixesha
ibhekisa kumkhuba wokuthengisa amaqhekeza eshedyuli yenkqubo yomntu,
ivelisa umsebenzi ovakala ngathi yingxolo yezikhululo ezahlukeneyo zokwabelana
amaza afanayo. Ukulingana kwilizwe likanomathotholo loluntu yintoni abanye
fowunela irediyo yomanyano, apho kukho iyure enye yabantu abathetha iSpanish
I-Trotskyists kunye nenye ye-triskaidekaphobes yasekhohlo, kodwa ingqiqo encinci ukuba
nabani na umamela umsebenzi womnye umntuโkwaye akukho mvakalelo incinane yokuba imiboniso ediniweyo iya kwenza
soze isuswe emoyeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, idemokhrasi esekwe kumavolontiya inokuphuhla
koku, nge-ukucaphula owayesakuba ngumongameli wasePacifica uPeter Franck-โintetho engacacanga,
isivumelwano esomeleleyo kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi. 'Awundiceli mngeni, andikwenzi
cela umngeni kuwe. Awuceli mngeni kwiqhaga lam kwesi siqingatha seyure, andizukuyenza
cela umngeni kwisakhono sakho.' Isivumelwano esifanayo, esingathethwanga sokukhusela ngamnye
ezinye iingcango ezigcina yonke into itshixiwe kwindawo yayo.โ
Ngokuphathelele iimfazwe zamakhaya, a mvanje
umzekelo (kodwa hayi, yeha, ekuphela kwayo) yiKOOP eAustin, eTexas, ngaphambili a
imodeli ekhanyayo yeedemokhrasi ezincinci zikanomathotholo. Ingxaki apha, ndiyacinezela, yaba
hayi ukugqithisela kwedemokhrasi, kodwa kunoko ukugqithisa kweengxaki zangaphakathi ezinokuthi
Idemokhrasi yayinganelanga ukuyinyanga. Luloyiko lwedemokhrasi engendawo
ihlala ikhuthaza izikhululo ukuba zithathe indlela yolawulo lobuzwilakhe okanye yobuzwilakhe. Emva kweKRAB
yaya ngaphantsi, yavuswa (emva kwefashoni) njenge KSER, indawo yokuthengisa engenalayisenisi
ukuya eSeattle kodwa ukuya kwisixeko esisemantla e-Everett, eWashington. ndidla ngoku
ukuba livolontiya e-KSER. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwam, yayilawulwa kwi-benign
imodeli yobuzwilakhe. Umphathi wam wayengayithandi idemokhrasi, kodwa wayenayo
uloyiko lwepragmatic ngayo: wayesoloko endibalisela ibali lesikhululo apho abanye
abantu babebambelele kakhulu kwixesha labo lokuba, kwintlanganiso yexesha elinye, abe mnye
watsala imela.
Masiqukumbele ngolonwabo ngakumbi
Phawula:
I-Anarchic Meritocracy.
Eli gama layilwa nguJim Dwyer, ugxa wam kwisikhululo sam sasekholejini, uAnn
Arbor kaThixo WCBN. (Ngoko ke, iileta zokufowunela zazimele iCampus Broadcasting
Uthungelwano; sasinganxulumananga ne-CBN kaPat Robertson.) Oku kungaphezulu
imo efanelekileyo kunomzekelo ophilayo, kodwa umntu unokufumana izinto zawo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo
izikhululo, zangoku nezexesha elidlulileyo. I-KDNA, i-outlet ngoku engasebenziyo esekelwe e-St
ngokusisiseko ubuzwilakhe obunobuntu: uJeremy Lan-man wayephethe isikhululo, kwaye ngolo hlobo
unelungelo lokungena kwaye, umzekelo, ban ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kwi
indawo emva kokubaleka okunxulumene neziyobisi kunye namapolisa. Kodwa isikhululo besininzi
ilawulwa liqela elincinane labantu ababekwiistudiyo phantse yonke imihla.
(Abanye babehlala kwisakhiwo seKDNA.) Kwenzeka njani ukuba umntu abe yinxalenye yesi sityholo
ngokudibeneyo? Ngokubakho kwizitudiyo phantse yonke imihla. Umntu uyenza njani eyakhe
ukubalwa kwezimvo? Ngokwenza unomathotholo olungileyo.
Irediyo yobubele, isikhululo esincinci kwi
ISan Marcos, eTexas, lobunye ubuzwilakhe obunobuntu kwithiyori ejonge ngakuye
I-anarchism ye-meritocratic ekusebenzeni: abaseki besikhululo uJoe Ptak kunye noZeal Stefanoff
seta ishedyuli kwaye ekugqibeleni ufowunele ukudubula, kodwa banika abadwelisi benkqubo ngokubanzi
latitude emoyeni, kwaye bangathanda ukuphelisa iingxabano ngokuthenga
abaphazamisi bebhiya kunokuzama ukuququzelela uqhankqalazo. Uhlobo lu
isikhululo soluntu ngeyona ndlela yokwenyani: yintetho ephantse ibe yinto ephilayo
uninzi loluntu lwaseSan Marcos, ngocwangco olugcinwe ngokungekho sikweni
iitshekhi kunye nokulinganisa kunomgaqo-siseko osesikweni.
Kwi-WCBN, saba neenkulu ezimbini
ijonga amabhongo omakhi wobukumkani. Enye yayiyinyani yokuba uninzi lwe
Amavolontiya ayengabafundi, yaye ngaloo ndlela ayeza kuphela kwisithuba seminyaka. Oku
Umlinganiselo wexesha elisebenzayo wawusisikhuselo esihle esichasene nenjongo โyabahlaziyiโ
ekwenzeni isitishi sithengise ngakumbi, ngaphezulu kwe-NPRIsh, okanye ngaphezulu kwePC. Enye itshekhi
yayibubukho babantu abangafundiyo abanolwaziโkungekhona amagosa ekholeji kodwa
โiidolophu.โ Aba bantu abazange balawule umbutho (nangona abanye bathatha
kwimisebenzi yolawulo). Bakhonza njengabadala, inkumbulo ephilayo yebandla
izithethe zesitishi. Oku kwaba luncedo ngakumbi ngalo lonke ixesha eyunivesithi
izame ukwenza ulawulo olungaphezulu kulwakhiwo lwesikhululo okanye inkqubo.
Kunye namanye amaqela ekhampasi, iYunivesithi inokuthembela kwisizukulwana esitsha
abafundi abazazi iinjongo zolawulo kunye neendlela. Abangabafundi bethu,
nangona kunjalo, sasisoloko sisazi ngamadabi esitishi sangaphambili. (Akumangalisi,
eyona nto yayifunwa ngabalawuli yayikukuba sisuse umntu wethu ongafundiyo
DJs.)
Isikhululo sikanomathotholo esikhulu soluntu
ibaleka i-bureaucracy, inika amavolontiya ayo ububanzi obubanzi, kwaye ixhomekeke kuyo
abaphulaphuli uninzi lweemali zayo. Imiboniso yayo ayifaniswanga ibe yi-a
Isandi "somcu" esinokuqikelelwa okanye sichaneke ngokungqongqo omnye komnye: endaweni yoko,
ucwangciso losuku luvakala njengencoko enkulu, apho abantu bagqabaza ngayo
imiboniso yomnye nomnye, ooDJ baxuba iindidi zomculo, kwaye abaphulaphuli baziva ngathi
bayinxalenye yosapho. Yahlukahlukene, imdaka, kwaye iyaphila njenge
uluntu olumeleyo.
Akukho fomula ilula
ukudala isikhululo esinjalo. Esona siqinisekiso singcono endinokucinga ngaso kukungena okuvulekileyo-ku
urhulumente ukuba ayeke ukugcina uninzi lweelayisensi zikanomathotholo zelizwe
Izigebenga zenkampani kunye ne-NPR, kwaye endaweni yoko zivumele imisebenzi encinci, esekwe ekuhlaleni
ukungena kumaza omoya, ukuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukufumana oko kusebenzayo
kubo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, bavumele abaphikisayo bahlukane baze baqalise ezabo
izitishi.
Ngokuphathelele iPacifica, eyokuqala kunye
eyona mfuno iyimfuneko mayibe kukumisa umngcelele wabo osingise kulawulo a
ibhodi ebekwe embindini, ezikhethele yona, kwaye idlulise amandla umva kwisizwe
inethiwekhi kwizikhululo zayo ezintlanu. Irediyo yasekuhlaleni, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kufuneka ibe njalo
zimiliselwe kuluntu lokwenene. Z
UJesse Walker ungumhleli onxulumene nemagazini iNgqiqo kwaye ebesebenza kuyo
unomathotholo wasekuhlaleni iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Ubhala incwadi malunga nerediyo yasimahla
isiko eMelika.