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kwiminyaka eyadlulayo iPentagon yakhupha uqeqesho
iincwadana ezivela kwiSikolo saseMelika ezikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe
intuthumbo, ukuphangwa, nokubulawa. UIshi Fales ukhumbula ebona enye
xa wayevolontiya kwindlu yaBasebenzi bamaKatolika eChicago.
โYasijija ngokwenene isisu sam,โ utsho uFales, njengoko ecacisa
kutheni waya kuqhankqalaza i-SOA eGeorgia ngoNovemba ophelileyo. Ibiyi
Uhambo lokuqala lwe-19 leminyaka ubudala ukuya eFt. Benning, kodwa utsho
ayisayi kuba yeyokugqibela.
Ukuqhankqalaza indawo eqeqesha amajoni asuka kwiLatin America
iye yaba luhambo lwezonqulo lwaminyaka le kwabaninzi ukusukela kuBawo uRoy Bourgeois
wafudukela kwindlu encinci ngaphandle kwesango elikhulu kwaye waseka i-SOA
Bukela ngowe-1990. Nyaka ngamnye inani labantu abeza ngoNovemba
umlindo ukhula ube mkhulu, umkhwa obonakala uphazamisa iFederal
IZiko loPhando. Amaxwebhu e-FBI asandula kuchazwa abonisa
ukuba i-FBI iphakamise inkxalabo yayo kwaye yabeka i-SOA Watch kwi-counter-terrorism
ukujonga.
I-arhente federal esweni media ingqalelo umlindo yonyaka kunye
amatyala afunyenweyo, kuqatshelwa ukuba ngawaphi na amaqhinga enkundla aye athomalalisa
iziphumo kwizigqibo zabantu zokuthatha inxaxheba ekungathobelini uluntu,
ngokwamaxwebhu afunyenwe yi-American Civil Liberties
Umanyano. โEzi fayile zibonise iinzame ezicacileyo zokucinezela ezopolitiko
inkcaso,โ utshilo uBourgeois. Olu qwalaselo lwenziwa
ngaphandle kwento yokuba iingxelo ze-FBI zihlala zichaza i-SOA
Bukela imilindo โnjengezoxoloโ kwaye akukho zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle
Ukungathobeli koluntu kuyakhankanywa.
Umlindo kaNovemba ka-2005 watsala abantu abaqikelelwa kwi-18,000-20,000. Impelaveki
Uqhanqalazo lwafikelela kuvuthondaba ngeCawa, xa kwabanjwa abantu abangama-41 emva koko
benyuka ngocingo oluziimitha ezilishumi ukuphakama oluhonjiswe ngencakuba
ucingo olunqamle isango eliphambili ukuya kwisiseko.
Abafazi ababini base-Iowa babanjiwe
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Yeha kwabo babanjiweyo ngabantu base-Iowans abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala
URita Hohenshell waseDes Moines kunye noChristine Gaunt oneminyaka engama-49 ubudala, a
umlimi waseGrinnell-bobabini "bawela umgca" ngokukhasa
phantsi kocingo. Bobabini bebekhe bathothoza iinyanga ezintathu entolongweni
ngokuqhankqalaza i-SOA. Ngaphambi kokuba agwetywe, uHohenshell waxelelwa
ukulindela iinyanga ezi-6 entolongweni, intlawulo ye-5,000 yeedola, kunye nokulahlekelwa nguye
Ukhuseleko lweNtlalo ngelixa usentolongweni. Kodwa abanayo
umphefumlo wam,โ watsho. "Imali yam kunye nexesha lam kuphela."
Christine
UGaunt wavuma ityala kwaye wagwetywa iinyanga ze-6 kwaye wanikwa i-2,000 yeedola
kulungile. Wasigqiba isigwebo sakhe seenyanga ezintandathu ngoMeyi 19
ngokwenene umsebenzi wam wokutyhila nokuvala iSikolo saseMelika,โ
UGaunt watsho ngaphambi kokubanjwa kwakhe. โKufana naxa uyazi
into njengomntu, uthatha uxanduva kwinto oyiyo
uyazi, ukuba ukwimeko ethile.โ UGaunt oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala
intombi, Jody Peake, naye waqhankqalaza, kodwa akazange awele umgca.
Esi yayisisihlandlo sesibhozo umama nentombi yakhe bethabatha olu hambo
kunye.
โNdiyazingca ngoMama wam,โ utshilo uPeake, ephawula
ukuba kunzima kwintsapho, kodwa uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba unina
uzibophelele kakhulu. Uthi naye, angawuwela umgca ngenye imini.
Amaxhoba e-SOA akhunjulwe
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I-OA Watch iqikelela ukuba ngaphezu kwe-64,000 yesiLatini
Amajoni aseMelika aqeqeshwe yi-SOA ngaphezu kwe-60 yokugqibela
iminyaka. Elona nani labantu ababulawa ngabafundi be-SOA linzima
ukugqiba, kodwa uBourgeois uqikelela ukuba ama-75,000 abulewe
e-El Salvador, angama-200,000 XNUMX eGuatemala, yaye amawaka angakumbi eColumbia.
I-SOA Watch ibika ukuba, nangona kukho bonke ubungqina, bambalwa abaye baba
uxanduva lokufa. Amaxhoba adla ngokuba ngabantu abangamahlwempu
abasebenza umhlaba, kodwa kujoliswe kubo ziinkokeli zemibutho, ootitshala,
iinkokeli zabafundi kunye nabantu benkolo. UBhishophu omkhulu uOscar Romero, ezintandathu
Abefundisi bamaJesuit, kunye noonongendi abane baseMelika ngabona babanzi
yazi amaxhoba.
Abaququzeleli beVigil babambe uqeqesho lokungathobeli uluntu ngoLwesine kunye
ULwesihlanu. Ngempela-veki kwakukrolwe iitafile zoncwadi kwisango lokungena
isango eliphambili lesiseko. NgeCawa, ukusuka kwinqanaba wamisa phambi
kwesango, ibhinqa laseColumbia lathetha iSpanish nelinye
ibhinqa eliguqulelwe esiNgesini: โSikhumbula namhlanje ukuba ngoFebruwari
Ngomhla wama-21 walo nyaka, kuluntu lwethu loxolo amalungu asibhozo ayekho
babulawa, kuquka abantwana abathathu, omnye wabo eneenyanga ezili-18 ubudala
yaye zonke izidumbu zabo zanqunyulwa zibe ziingceba. Amagama kunye neminyaka
yamaxhoba eSOA aye aculwa kwisandisi-lizwi njengomngcwabo ondilisekileyo
kwaqalisa umngcelele: โUBruno Claros, oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala,โ ngowebhinqa
ilizwi lavakala phezu kwesihlwele.
โNxibelela!โ isihlwele saphinda savuma ngazwi-nye njengoko sasibambe
phezulu iminqamlezo yomthi.
Emva koko, indoda yacula igama lelinye ixhoba elibhaliweyo le-SOA
abaphumeleleyo. "UEva Romero, oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, intombi kaBruno Claros."
โNxibelela!โ isihlwele saphinda sacula njengoko sasiphakamisa ulwandle
iminqamlezo emhlophe.
UMarcos Rubenstein, oneminyaka engama-54, weva amagama abahlobo abaliqela kunye nabasebenzi asebenza nabo
wayesazi eArgentina. Njengentatheli kunye nelungu lombutho osebenzayo, uRubenstein
yachaza ukuba iintatheli kunye nabantu abaququzelela imibutho badla ngokuphindaphindiweyo
eyokuqala yathinjwa, yathuthunjiswa, yaza yanyamalala.
Kwathatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezintathu ukugqiba uluhlu lwamagama kunye
abamasha bedlula esangweni langaphambili, babeka iminqamlezo yabo;
iiflegi, kunye nemiqondiso kuyo.
UCarol Tyx, unjingalwazi wesiNgesi kwiKholeji yaseMount Mercy, wachaza
utyelelo lwakhe lweeveki ezimbini eColombia kunye namaQela oXolo lwamaKristu
NgoMeyi 2005. Wadibana nabantu ababebaleke kwiilali ezimbini ezincinci emva koko
ugonyamelo lwaphumela ekufeni kwamalungu entsapho amaninzi. Babane
kutsha nje babuyele emakhayeni abo. UTyx weza nebhena kwi
Umlindo wayebabukele bepeyinta ngesiSpanish esiguqulela ngokuthi,
โUluntu lwaseLa Florida naseLos Neques alufuni
Amagosa aseColombia aqeqeshwa kwiSikolo saseMelika kwi
Amazwe Amanyene."
Usapho lakwaHennessy
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kwiminyaka engaphambi kwe9/11 amawaka awela
umgca kwaye bakhululwa ngokuvalwa okulula kunye nokuxela ileta
ukuba bangabuyi. Kuphela ngabo babuyileyo bagwetywa
entolongweni. UDade Gwen Hennessy ngomnye wabaninzi ababanjelwa ukubuya
ukuwela umgca. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-68 ubudala, wavalelwa entolongweni ngoJulayi 14, 2001
iinyanga ezi-6. Ukhumbula ejikeleza ibala emva kweenyanga ezimbini
xa weva ukuba inqwelo-moya yabhabhela kwiWorld Trade Center. Nini
wangena ngaphakathi, wafumana amanye amabanjwa eqokelelene ndawonye
Umabonwakude. โYiloo nto uzele yona apha, akunjalo?โ
Wathi omnye umfazi kuye. โUkuphelisa ubunqolobi.โ
"Ndandimangaliswe kakhulu, ukuba umntu wayiqonda yonke into,"
UHennessy uyakhumbula. โKwaza kwaphakama omnye wathi, โYintoni?
uyajikeleza, uza, 'kwaye ndacinga, uyaqonda,
nayo.โ
Ukuqhankqalaza ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu eLatin America lusapho
umcimbi kaFrancisca Dade. Udadewabo, uDorothy Marie Hennessy,
91, ukwangunongendi weSt. Francis Order. NjengoGwen, uDade Dorothy
uye wawela umgca izihlandlo ezininzi waza wathothoza entolongweni.
Umninawa wabo, utata uRonald Hennessy, wayesebenza kuMbindi
EMelika ukususela ngo-1964 de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1999. Wabhalela intsapho yakhe
echaza indlela abafana abasiwa entolongweni, oomama babo
besiza kuye ngokunxunguphala. Iilali zazitshatyalaliswa
phandle, amadoda, abafazi nabantwana, yaye kwakungekho mntu ukhathalayo,โ uGwen
uyachaza. โNgoko wabhalela eIowa ileta ekhaya waza wathi, โPapasha
yona.'โ
UDade Gwen ukhumbula ukuba icawa kunye noNozakuzaku waseUnited States bamxelela
makahambe, akavuma umnakwabo. โHayi, andinguye
ukuhamba,โ utshilo. โNdingahamba, kodwa abanako.โ
Kamva wanyulwa njengomphathi wengingqi, wabelwa kwindawo engquzulwano kakhulu
indawo e El Salvador. Incwadi ngamava kaRon Hennessy
kunye nezenzo zokubulawa kwabantu ngoorhulumente baseGuatemala abaxhaswa yi-US,
Ngeglasi emnyama
, nguTom Melville, isandulโ ukukhululwa
nguXlibris. โIlithetha lonke eli bali lengcinezelo,
ukusuka kudala xa babenento ababeyibiza, 'iminyaka elishumi ye
entwasahlobo,' xa babenenkokeli eyayizama uhlaziyo lwezolimo,
โ UGwen uyacacisa.
Ngaphandle kwe-SOA
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Ike Hennessy, uTyx ukholelwa ukuba ukuvala
ezantsi isikolo yinxalenye nje into abasebenzela kuyo. โSiye
uzama ukutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wonke, isimo sengqondo esipheleleyo malunga
umkhosi. Kwaye isikolo siphantse saziva sinomfuziselo,โ utshilo uTyx.
โAsikuko ukuba ukuvala akubalulekanga. Kodwa ukuba sivala i
Isikolo, uyazi, loo nto ayinakuyitshintsha iPlan Columbia.
Igama elisemthethweni le-SOA latshintshwa kwi-1999 ukuya kwiNtshona
I-Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation okanye i-WHINSEC. UJim McGovern
(D-MA) yazisa uMthetho osayilwayo we-HR 1217 oza kunqumamisa ukusebenza ngo
i-SOA/WHINSEC kwaye iphande ngophuhliso nokusetyenziswa koqeqesho
iincwadana. ICongress yaqala ukuqwalasela umthetho oyilwayo ngoJuni.
Yonke le migudu inefuthe. I-Argentina ne-Uruguay ibhengeze
ngoMatshi ukuba abasayi kuphinda bathumele amajoni ayokuqeqeshelwa kuwo
i-SOA ngenxa yembali yokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Bajoyina iVenezuela,
umongameli wakhe uHugo Chavez wabhengeza ngoJanuwari 2004 ukuba iVenezuela
yayingasayi kuphinda ithumele imikhosi ukuya kuqeqesha esikolweni.
U-Ishi Fales wenze iinkcazo-ntetho malunga neSikolo saseMelika kwi
iiklasi zakhe eKirkwood College emva kokuba ebuyele e-Iowa City ukusuka
umlindo ka-2005. โNdandicinga ukuba inamandla kakhulu,โ utshilo,
โIbingamava endiya kuhlala nam okwenyani ixesha
ixesha elide, ixesha elide. "
nyota
UWilliams ngumbhali ozimeleyo, ilungu le-WRL, kunye nobuntatheli
umfundi kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa.