Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo akwenzeki kumabhinqa adumileyo akwimizi-mveliso edumileyo. Kuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kumalunga namandla, hayi isini, ayimangalisi into yokuba abafazi abarhola imivuzo ephantsi kwimisebenzi ephantsi befumana okuninzi. IKomishoni ye-Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (CEOC) ithi ishishini lokutyela ngowona mthombo omkhulu wamabango okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Kuphando lukazwelonke lwabasebenzi bezokutyela abangama-4,300 liziko labasebenzi lokutyela Amathuba aMaziko aManyeneyo (i-ROC), ngaphezu kwesinye kwabasebenzi abali-10 baxela ukuba bona okanye umntu osebenza naye baye bafumana ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. I-ROC ithi nokuba lo mfanekiso ukhwankqisayo unokuba ungaphantsi.
Inqaku labasebenzis' Jenny Brown, ngoku osebenzela iNational Women's Liberation, uchaza ukuba โamanani alahlekileyoโ kubasebenzi bendawo yokutyela aqhagamshelwe kwindlela abahlawulwa ngayo: iingcebiso.
I-ROC iphawula, kwingxelo ka-2014, ukuba "abasebenzi abaninzi basetyhini kufuneka banelise kwaye bathande abathengi ukuze bafumane imali." Amadoda afumana ithuba lokubuza imibuzo ekhathazayo, izimbo zomzimba, ukuphuthaphutha, kwanokuchwechwela.
Ngelishwa, iye yaba sisiqhelo soluntu, kwaye sonke siyamkele kwaye sonke siyayithiya, utshilo umfazi othengisa utywala kwi-ROC. Abaphathi bathanda ukuma kwicala labathengi xa abasebenzi bekhalaza. Omnye umncedisi wanikela ingxelo yamazwi omphathi wakhe: โEwe, abo bantu bahlawula imali eninzi ngeenkonzo zethu kwaye, ndiyathetha, ingaba kubuhlungu ukuncuma kancinci, ukuba nobuhlobo kancinci kubo?โ
Omnye umsebenzi wasefama wachaza indlela eqhelekileyo emasimini ngendlela efanayo naleyo ikwiivenkile zokutyela: โUyayivumela okanye bayakugxotha.โ Uphononongo luka-2010 lwabafazi abangabasebenzi basezifama bafumanisa ukuba ama-80 eepesenti baye bafumana ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini.
Abasetyhini abangabasebenzi basezifama ngabona basemngciphekweni ngakumbi xa beqeshwa kwaye behlawulwa ngabasebenzi abazimeleyo, abathi ngoko babe nolawulo oluluqilima kwiimpilo zabo. IiJanitors lelinye ityala elihlawulelwa kancinci, njengoko uSonia Singh wabhala kulo nyaka. Ubukhulu becala ngabasetyhini, ngokufuthi basebenza ezinzulwini zobusuku kwiindawo zokusebenza ezikwanti. Ingxelo ye-PBS ka-2015 ethi "Rape on the Night Shift" ibhentsise indlela ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo obuxhaphake ngayo nobungaxelwanga kakhulu kubagcini.
NgoMeyi ka-2016, i-United Service Workers West iphumelele inkontileka entsha yenkosi yaseCalifornia efuna uqeqesho lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kubaphathi kunye nabasebenzi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza izikhalazo kubaphathi ngaphezu kwabaphathi babo ngokuthe ngqo.
Umbutho uphonononge usebenzisa ifomathi ye-telenovela (i-soap opera) kuqeqesho, enokunqunyanyiswa ukuze abathathi-nxaxheba banike inkcazelo ngeemeko abagqiba kuzibukela. Lo mbutho uphinde wasebenzisana namalungu owiso-mthetho ukuphuhlisa umthetho oyilwayo kuzwelonke, uMthetho wokuKhusela uMsebenzi wePropati. Imanyano yafumana oosodolophu basekuhlaleni kunye neekontraka zokucoca ezidityanisiweyo ukuba zithembise ngenkxaso, kwaye bahlawulela โUkuphelisa
Udlwengulo kwi-Night Shiftโ kwiibhodi zentengiso kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo. Xa bengekacaci ukuba iRhuluneli uJerry Brown uya kutyikitya ibhili, abaququzeleli benqanaba kunye neefayile bagqiba ekubeni benze ukuzila. Abalishumi elinesibini abasinde kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye noxhatshazo emsebenzini baqala ugwayimbo lwabo lokulamba phambi kweCapitol karhulumente. Uninzi lwabasetyhini lufunda iileta ezivulekileyo kubahlaseli babo. Uninzi lwabo lwalungazange lubelane ngamabali abo esidlangalaleni phambi kweli phulo.
Emva kokuba iqela lizilile iintsuku ezintlanu, uBrown watyikitya umthetho, oya kusebenza ngo-2019. Ifuna ukuba abaqeshi bokucoca kunye nokhuseleko baqeqeshe abasebenzi kunye nabaphathi ngobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye nokuhlukunyezwa.
Mhlawumbi abona basebenzi basetyhini abasesichengeni sohlaselo lokwenyani ngabacoci beehotele. Kuyabonakala ukuba iindwendwe ezingamadoda ziqiqa ngelithi ukuba kukho ibhinqa kwigumbi lokulala, kufuneka libekhona.
UJenny Brown ubhale wathi, โAbasebenzi banika ingxelo yokuba abathengi abangamadoda bayazibhenca, bazame ukuthenga iinkonzo zesondo, bazibambe kwaye baziphuthaphutha kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, bazame ukubadlwengula. Abathengi banikela ngemali yokuphulula-kodwa abafuni ukuphulula, bafuna enye into, "watsho u-Elizabeth Moreno, umsebenzi wehotele yaseChicago oneminyaka eli-18. Xa ehambisa izinto zenkonzo yasekamelweni, iindwendwe ezingamadoda zidla ngokufika emnyango zihamba ze, watsho. Ingxaki ixhaphake kangangokuba abasebenzi behotele eHawaii naseSan Francisco baye baxhathisa iinzame zolawulo zokubenza banxibe iziketi. Abasebenzi bathi iyunifomu ibenza babe sesichengeni sokuphuthaphutha emsebenzini ofuna ukugoba iibhedi, iibhafu kunye nemigangatho.
Kwi-Sofitel yaseNew York, apho uDominique Strauss-Kahn, intloko ye-International Monetary Fund, wabetha umgcini wendlu kwigumbi le-3,000-ngobusuku kwi-2011, abaphathi batshintshe i-skirt uniform kwibhulukhwe kunye ne-tunic, ngokutsho kommeli womanyano.
Ukhuseleko lwabagadi kumagumbi luchatshazelwa kukuncitshiswa kwabasebenzi okushiya abasetyhini bodwa njengoko besebenza. Abanye abasebenzi basehotele baseHawaii basemsebenzini โwokugawula umsebenzi,โ nto leyo ebandakanya ukungena emagumbini ngorhatya ukuze bazobe iidrapes nokucima amaqweqwe, ababedla ngokusebenza ngababini. Ngoku abaphathi babacela ukuba basebenze bodwa, kwaye bathi ibenza bazive bengakhuselekanga.
EChicago, abasebenzi balwela ilungelo lokuvula umnyango wegumbi lehotele ngenqwelo yabo yokubonelela ngelixa becoca. Abanye abaphathi behotele bathi "ayiyomsebenzi" okanye banokuvumela ukubiwa kwezinto kwigumbi. โXa sihambisa amanzi, asimva xa kungena undwendwe,โ utshilo
Emva kwesiganeko saseStrauss-Kahn, imanyano yabasebenzi basehotele i-UNITE APHA ibambe intetho kwizixeko ezisibhozo. โAba bathengi bacinga ukuba bangasisebenzisa nantoni na abayifunayo, kuba asinawo amandla abanawo okanye imali abanayo,โ utshilo uYazmin Vazquez, osebenza kwigumbi laseChicago. Umsebenzi wasehotele oneminyaka engama-30 e-Indianapolis, "imbaleki elundwendwe" kwishifti yangokuhlwa, weza neetawuli kunye neshampu kubathengi abazicelayo. Wathi kabini ngeveki wayedibana namadoda awayemhleka. Umsebenzi wasehotele waseToronto u-Andria Babbington ukwathe abaphathi bamhleka xa wayekhalaza ngondwendwe oluze olucele ukuba lufakwe.
โIihotele zinento yokwenza nesithethe sokuthula,โ utshilo u-Annemarie Strassel we-UNITE APHA. "Isiseko sesokuba undwendwe luhlala lulungile." Yongeza umnqweno wabaphathi wokukholisa iindwendwe kwaye utshayele iziganeko ezibanga upapasho phantsi kombhobho, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi baziva becinezelekile ukuba banyamezele izithuko nohlaselo njengenxalenye yomsebenzi.
Ukuba abasebenzi baxela ukuziphatha kondwendwe, amapolisa akafane abizwe. "Nokuba sithini na, abaphathi baya kuhlala behlonipha undwendwe," utshilo uHortensia Valera kwi-Chicago speak-out. Sekunjalo, amapolisa ambamba uStrauss-Kahn (nangona izityholo zaye zarhoxiswa kamva) kwaye, kungekudala emva koko, umgcini-bhanki wase-Egypt uMahmoud Abdel-Salam Omar, umgcini wendlu wayemangalele ngohlaselo olufanayo. Bobabini abagcini bezindlu kwisiXeko saseNew York babengamalungu emanyano.
Amaqela ekugxilwe kuwo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lwe-ROC oluqhutywe kwilizwe lonke lufumene ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo "eyamkelweyo ... inxalenye yenkcubeko." Omnye umsebenzi wathi, โAyinakuphepheka. Ukuba asikuko ukuhlasela ngamazwi, kukho umntu ofuna ukukugxeka.โ I-ROC ihlaziywe iminyaka emine ye-EOC ye-Sexual Harassment settlements kunye nezigwebo kwi-industry yokutyela kwaye yafumanisa ukuba amatyala afakwe ngokuyinhloko ngokumelene namatyathanga awaziwayo, kuquka uMc-Donald's (eyona nto imbi kakhulu, kunye neepesenti ze-16 zamatyala), i-KFC, i-Sonic, i-IHOP, Applebee's, Cracker Barrel, Ruby Tuesday, kunye noDenny's. Amaxesha amaninzi, abasebenzi babephathwa gadalala yaye bengcungcuthekiswa mihla le yaye babejamelana nohlobo oluthile lokuziphindezela ngenxa yokukhalaza.
Inqaku labasebenzis' Jenny Brown, ngoku osebenzela iNational Women's Liberation, uchaza ukuba โamanani alahlekileyoโ kubasebenzi bendawo yokutyela aqhagamshelwe kwindlela abahlawulwa ngayo: iingcebiso.
I-ROC iphawula, kwingxelo ka-2014, ukuba "abasebenzi abaninzi basetyhini kufuneka banelise kwaye bathande abathengi ukuze bafumane imali." Amadoda afumana ithuba lokubuza imibuzo ekhathazayo, izimbo zomzimba, ukuphuthaphutha, kwanokuchwechwela.
Ngelishwa, iye yaba sisiqhelo soluntu, kwaye sonke siyamkele kwaye sonke siyayithiya, utshilo umfazi othengisa utywala kwi-ROC. Abaphathi bathanda ukuma kwicala labathengi xa abasebenzi bekhalaza. Omnye umncedisi wanikela ingxelo yamazwi omphathi wakhe: โEwe, abo bantu bahlawula imali eninzi ngeenkonzo zethu kwaye, ndiyathetha, ingaba kubuhlungu ukuncuma kancinci, ukuba nobuhlobo kancinci kubo?โ Omnye umsebenzi wasefama wachaza indlela eqhelekileyo emasimini ngendlela efanayo naleyo ikwiivenkile zokutyela: โUyayivumela okanye bayakugxotha.โ Uphononongo luka-2010 lwabasetyhini abangabasebenzi basezifama bafumanisa ukuba i-80 yepesenti baye bafumana ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini.
Abasetyhini abangabasebenzi basezifama ngabona basemngciphekweni ngakumbi xa beqeshwa kwaye behlawulwa ziinkokeli zabasebenzi, abathi ngaloo ndlela babe nolawulo olungqongqo kwiimpilo zabo. IiJanitors lelinye ityala elihlawulelwa kancinci, njengoko uSonia Singh wabhala kulo nyaka. Ubukhulu becala ngabasetyhini, bahlala besebenza ezinzulwini zobusuku kwiindawo zokusebenza ezikwanti. Ingxelo ye-PBS ka-2015 ethi "Rape on the Night Shift" ibhentsise indlela ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo obuxhaphake kakhulu nobungaxelwa ngayo kubagcini bezindlu.
NgoMeyi ka-2016, i-United Service Workers West yaphumelela ikontrakthi entsha e-California efuna uqeqesho lwe-Sexual Harassment kubaphathi kunye nabasebenzi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza izikhalazo kubaphathi abangaphezulu kwabaphathi babo ngokuthe ngqo.
Umbutho uphonononge usebenzisa ifomathi ye-telenovela (i-soap opera) kuqeqesho, enokumiswa ukuze abathathi-nxaxheba banike inkcazelo ngeemeko abagqiba kuzibukela. Lo mbutho uphinde wasebenzisana namalungu owiso-mthetho ukuphuhlisa umthetho oyilwayo kuzwelonke, uMthetho wokuKhusela uMsebenzi wePropati. Imanyano yafumana oosodolophu basekuhlaleni kunye neekontraka zokucoca ezidityanisiweyo ukuba zithembise ngenkxaso, kwaye bahlawulela โUkuphelisa
Udlwengulo kwi-Night Shiftโ kwiibhodi zentengiso kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo. Xa bengekacaci ukuba iRhuluneli uJerry Brown uya kutyikitya ibhili, abaququzeleli benqanaba kunye neefayile bagqiba ekubeni benze ukuzila. Abalishumi elinesibini abasinde kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye noxhatshazo emsebenzini baqala ugwayimbo lwabo lokulamba phambi kweCapitol karhulumente. Uninzi lwabasetyhini lufunda iileta ezivulekileyo kubahlaseli babo. Uninzi lwabo lwalungazange lubelane ngamabali abo esidlangalaleni phambi kweli phulo.
Emva kokuba eli qela lizile ukutya iintsuku ezintlanu, uBrown watyikitya umthetho, oza kusebenza ngo-2019. Ufuna abaqeshi bokucoca kunye nokhuseleko baqeqeshe abasebenzi kunye nabaphathi ngobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye nokuhlukunyezwa.
Mhlawumbi abona basebenzi basetyhini abasesichengeni sohlaselo lokwenyani ngabacoci beehotele. Kuyabonakala ukuba iindwendwe ezingamadoda ziqiqa ngelithi ukuba kukho ibhinqa kwigumbi lokulala, kufuneka libekhona. UJenny Brown ubhale wathi, โAbasebenzi banika ingxelo yokuba abathengi abangamadoda bayazibhenca, bazame ukuthenga iinkonzo zesondo, bazibambe kwaye baziphuthaphutha kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, bazame ukubadlwengula. Abathengi banikela ngemali yokuphulula-kodwa abafuni ukuphulula, bafuna enye into, "watsho u-Elizabeth Moreno, umsebenzi wehotele yaseChicago oneminyaka eli-18. Xa ehambisa izinto zenkonzo yasekamelweni, iindwendwe ezingamadoda zidla ngokufika emnyango zihamba ze, watsho. Ingxaki ixhaphake kangangokuba abasebenzi basehotele eHawaii naseSan Francisco baye baxhathisa iinzame zokuphatha zokubenza banxibe iziketi. Abasebenzi bathi iyunifomu ibenza babe sesichengeni sokuphuthaphutha emsebenzini ofuna ukugoba phezu kweebhedi, iibhafu kunye nemigangatho.
Ukhuseleko lwabagadi kumagumbi luchatshazelwa kukuncitshiswa kwabasebenzi okushiya abasetyhini bodwa njengoko besebenza. Abanye abasebenzi basehotele baseHawaii basemsebenzini โwokugawula umsebenzi,โ nto leyo ebandakanya ukungena emagumbini ngorhatya ukuze bazobe iidrapes nokucima amaqweqwe, ababedla ngokusebenza ngababini. Ngoku abaphathi babacela ukuba basebenze bodwa, kwaye bathi ibenza bazive bengakhuselekanga.
EChicago, abasebenzi balwela ilungelo lokuvula umnyango wegumbi lehotele ngenqwelo yabo yokubonelela ngelixa becoca. Abanye abaphathi behotele bathi "ayiyomsebenzi" okanye banokuvumela ukubiwa kwezinto kwigumbi. โXa sihambisa amanzi, asimva xa kungena undwendwe,โ utshilo uMoreno. Kwihotele yakhe yombutho, umphathi ujongana nokucocwa kwegumbi ukuba kukho umthengi.
Emva kwesiganeko saseStrauss-Kahn, imanyano yabasebenzi basehotele i-UNITE APHA ibambe intetho kwizixeko ezisibhozo. โAba bathengi bacinga ukuba bangasisebenzisa nantoni na abayifunayo, kuba asinawo amandla abanawo okanye imali abanayo,โ utshilo uYazmin Vazquez, osebenza kwigumbi laseChicago. Umsebenzi wasehotele oneminyaka engama-30 e-Indianapolis, โoyimbaleki elundwendweโ kwishifti yangokuhlwa, weza neetawuli kunye neshampu kubathengi abazicelileyo. Wathi kabini ngeveki wayedibana namadoda awayemhleka. Umsebenzi wasehotele waseToronto u-Andria Babbington ukwathe abaphathi bamhleka xa wayekhalaza ngondwendwe oluhamba ze olucele ukuba lufakwe.
โIihotele zinento yokwenza nesithethe sokuthula,โ utshilo u-Annemarie Strassel we-UNITE APHA. "Isiseko sesokuba undwendwe luhlala lulungile." Yongeza umnqweno wabaphathi wokukholisa iindwendwe kwaye utshayele iziganeko ezibanga upapasho phantsi kombhobho, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi baziva becinezelekile ukuba banyamezele izithuko nohlaselo njengenxalenye yomsebenzi.
Ukuba abasebenzi bayayixela indlela undwendwe oluziphethe ngayo, amapolisa akafane abizwe. "Nokuba sithini na, abaphathi baya kuhlala behlonipha undwendwe," utshilo uHortensia Valera kwisithethi saseChicago. Sekunjalo, amapolisa ambamba u-Strauss-Kahn (nangona izityholo zaye zarhoxiswa kamva) kwaye, kungekudala emva koko, umgcini-bhanki wase-Egypt uMahmoud Abdel-Salam Omar, umgcini wendlu wayemangalele ngohlaselo olufanayo. Bobabini abagcini bezindlu kwisiXeko saseNew York babengamalungu emanyano.
Kanye njengokuba kusenzeka namhlanje kunye neengxelo kumajelo eendaba uHarvey Weinstein, upapasho emva koko lwenza abasebenzi bakhululeka ukuba bathethe ngeziganeko ezifanayo. Abaphathi kuzo zombini iihotele bathi bazakunika abasebenzi amaqhosha othuko.
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UJane Slaughter ngumhleli wangaphambili weeNqaku zoMsebenzi kunye nombhali-mbhali weeMfihlo zoMququzeleli oPhumeleleyo. Inqaku laqala langena Amanqaku abasebenzi.