Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani okanye uhlala phi, iMonsanto ihlasele ubomi bakho. Oyena msasazi mkhulu wehlabathi wembewu, imichiza yezolimo, kunye ne-biotechnology ayichaphazeli amafama kuphela, kodwa umhlaba kunye neenkcubeko zakhe wonke umntu olima okanye otya ukutya kwesi sijikelezi-langa, utsho uNjingalwazi wezobuGcisa kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa (UI) uSarah Kanouse. "Akukho ndawo engachukunyiswanga ngamachiza eMonsanto," kusho uKanouse. โAkukho ndawo ingazange ibenoqoqosho lwabo, inkqubo yendalo, imizimba yabo ingcoliswe ngalo naliphi na inani leemveliso zabo. Kutshanje iiGMO, kodwa kwixa elidlulileyo iDioxin kunye neePCB, iAsparteme, nazo zonke ezi zinto. โ
Ilungu leCompass, iqela elikhulu lamagcisa kunye nabalweli abasebenzisanayo ekukhuthazeni ubulungisa bezentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, uKanouse uququzelele ukuvalelwa kweeyure ezintathu zokuhlekisa ngoMgqibelo, ngo-Epreli 21, kwiholo encinci yesikolo somthetho. Inkqubo yaqala xa โiijajiโ ezintlanu ezazinxibe iimpahla ezimnyama zangena zaza zahlala eqongeni.
U-Kanouse ukhonze njengommeli wabantu kwaye wabhengeza ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba baphathwe ngokulinganayo kuba iMonsanto inohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwaneleyo lwentengiso, ubudlelwane boluntu, ukukhuthaza, njalo njalo. Uye waphawula ukuba amazwe ngamazwe ane-17 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwizinto zexabiso kunye nengeniso yonyaka ye-10.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Owokuqala owangqinayo yayiligqala elibhalwe kwiscreen. Uvezwe kwi-Agent Orange xa โโwayeseVietnam, uBill Kapp wafumana i-Hepatitis C waza waya kwiKliniki yaseMayo yonyango lwe-Interferon kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekungcangcazeleni okungapheliyo kwengalo yakhe yasekunene. โPhambi kokuba ndithathe unyango ndakwazi ukuzakhela eyam indlu,โ watsho, ingalo yakhe ibonakala ingcangcazela. โNgoku andikwazi ukujinga ihamile.โ
Nangona wayekhubazekile unyango, umphumo oqinisekisiweyo yiSibhedlele seVeteran kwiSixeko sase-Iowa, iMonsanto yasinda uxanduva lomthetho.
Monsanto, uMthetho, kunye neNdalo
UKanouse uthi ukusebenzisa inkqubo yomthetho-mbumbulu ukubiza uxanduva kuzisa imibuzo malunga nenkqubo yezomthetho. โNgokufanelekileyo, inkqubo yomthetho inezigaba ezininzi,โ utshilo. โLithuba lokuvavanya ubungqina, ukuba abantu beze ngaphambili bathethe, kumiselwe inyaniso nomonakalo, kwenziwe imbuyekezo. Into esiye sayibona ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamatyala amaninzi achasene neMonsanto kukuba inkqubo yezomthetho ilawulwa kakhulu yimali. "
Isiphumo, utsho uKanouse, kukuba umthetho okhoyo uqaphela kuphela iintlobo ezithile zomonakalo ezinokulinganiswa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwemali, zishiya iingozi ezingabonakaliyo ezingaqatshelwanga yinkqubo yethu yezomthetho. "Liyintoni ixabiso kwaye yintoni ukuma komlambo okanye amabhabhathane okanye iintlanzi?" Uyabuza. "Zonke ezi zizidalwa ezingenambuyekezo kwinkundla yomthetho."
Abantu abaninzi kudala bekrokrela ikhonkco phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye neColony Collapse Disorder (CCD) eye yatshabalalisa iinyosi kwihlabathi liphela. IPoland isanda kuvala ukusetyenziswa kombona weMon810 kaMonsanto, okwenza ilizwe lokuqala ukuqaphela ifuthe le-GMOs kwiinyosi.
Urhulumente womdibaniso, ochatshazelwe zii-lobbyists kunye nenkxaso-mali yephulo, wenze kancinci ukukhusela abathengi, amafama aphilayo, okanye okusingqongileyo. Owayesakuba nguRhuluneli wase-Iowa uTom Vilsack, inkampani yakhe yomthetho yakhusela iMonsanto kumatyala enkundla, wamiselwa nguMongameli uBarack Obama njengonobhala wezolimo, ungquzulwano olucacileyo lomdla.
UKaouse uthi: โEyona mpatho-mbi imbi yeMonsanto yenzeka, kungekhona eUnited States, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe,โ utsho uKaouse, ephawula indlela iMonsanto eyatyhalela ngayo ezolimo ngemichiza eIndiya.
Umqhaphu weBt weMonsanto Intlekele eIndiya
Umqhaphu kunye ne-eggplant (ibrinjal) ibizizityalo ezibini zaseIndiya ezinengeniso. Abafundi ababini be-PhD baseIndiya bazibiza ngokuthi "iCotton" kunye ne "Brinjal," bathetha ngokutshatyalaliswa okwenziwa nguMonsanto kwiifama zekotoni kunye ne-eggplant kwilizwe labo. UCotton uthi: โEIndiya, ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwesivuno nokunyuka kwamaxabiso embewu, amafama angamahlwempu aqalisa ukubhanga yaye la mafama atsala nzima aqalisa ukuzibulala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, babebulala ubomi babo ngokusela inambuzane efanayo naleyo iMonsanto yayibanike yonaโubungqina oboyikekayo bokuba iMonsanto iye yabonakalisa ubomi babalimi bethu.โ Umqhaphu uthe ngaphezu kwe-17,000 yamafama azibulalayo ngo-2009, unyaka abagqibe ukubala ngawo. Emva koko wachaza indlela iMonsanto eyaqala ngayo ukufaka imbewu ye-Indian cotton hybrid nge-bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ibhaktheriya emhlabeni enceda ukulwa nezinambuzane ze-cotton. IMonsanto isebenzisana neMahyco, inkampani yaseIndiya, kunye nezithembiso kumafama malunga nesivuno esikhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kwezibulali zinambuzane. Ikotoni ye-Bt yavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe kwintengiso kwi-2002.
โAbalimi ababedla ngokuthenga imbewu yomqhaphu nge-$7 ngaphambili ngoku kwafuneka bathenge umqhaphu weBt nge-$40,โ watsho uMqhaphu. Ixabiso eliphezulu belifanele ukuba lifanelekile kuba umqhaphu we-Bt uza kulwa nazo zonke ezi zinambuzane kwaye aziyi kufuna izibulali-zinambuzane. Kodwa, zonke ezi zinto babezithembisile ziya kwenzeka ngokusekelwe koko bakubona kwiilebhu, khange zisebenze emhlabeni.โ
Umqhaphu uthe umqhaphu we-Bt wawungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo kwaye ushiye abalimi benetyala elikhulu lezoqoqosho. โUmqhaphu we-Bt awuzange uphumelele ukuthintela uhlaselo lweentshulube ebeluyilelwe kwaye abalimi kusafuneka batshize izitshabalalisi zezinye izitshabalalisi,โ utshilo uCotton. โNgoko ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni kuvele izitshabalalisi ezinkulu ezixhathisayo, umqhaphu we-Bt ungqineke usesichengeni sezinambuzane nezifo kuneentlobo zemveli. IMonsanto neMahyco zatyhola abalimi abangathathi ntweni ngokungankcenkcesheli kakuhle amasimi abo.โ
Umqhaphu udlalwe ngu-Abhilash Kizhakke Puliyakote, umfundi we-PhD wobunjineli bezinto eziphilayo okholelwa ekusetyenzisweni kophando lwezenzululwazi ukuphucula ubomi bomntu, kodwa emva kokuvavanya ngokungqongqo kunye nezifundo ezihlaziyiweyo zoontanga, ngemvume enolwazi.
I-Brinjal, oku kuthetha isitshalo seqanda, idlalwe nguRenu Pariyadath, umfundi we-PhD kwizifundo zonxibelelwano kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa. UBrinjal uthe iMonsanto nayo yayiceba ukwazisa ukutya kwe-GM ukuze kusetyenziswe abantu okokuqala. Kukho iindidi ezingama-2,500 zesityalo seqanda eIndiya. โBabekhangela iimpuku zeelebhu ezikwibhiliyoni ukuze bazame ngazo,โ utshilo. โKodwa, sisifundile isifundo kumqhaphu weBt. I-Genetic Engineering Approval Committee e-Indiya yavumela i-Bt brinjal ukuba ilinywe kurhwebo ngo-Okthobha ka-2009. Izazinzulu, amafama, amatsha-ntliziyo achasene noGM ayenomsindo kwaye avakalisa inkxalabo yawo ngoqhanqalazo lukawonke-wonke lwelizwe lonke.
UBrinjal uphawule ukuba abantu kwilizwe liphela bazila ukutya usuku olunye ngoJanuwari ka-2010, usuku olwaluphawula isikhumbuzo sokusweleka kuka-Mahatma Gandhi, โUkuqhankqalaza ngokuphulukana nenkululeko yethu esiye sayizuza nzima kunye nokukhusela ulongamo lwethu lokutya,โ utshilo. "Amazwe alishumi elinesithathu eIndiya amanyana kulo mlo ngokuchasene neBt brinjal kwaye ekugqibeleni saphumelela."
Urhulumente wase-Indiya uye wamisela isithintelo kwi-Bt brinjal, kodwa de kube kwenziwe uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo kwaye kufunyanwe ikhuselekile ukuba abantu bayitye.
UPuliyakote kunye nePariyadath bobabini bangamalungu oMbutho woPhuhliso lwaseIndiya (AID), umbutho wamavolontiya osebenzayo kwintshukumo echasene neGM eIndiya. I-AID ngumcebisi weeprojekthi zophuhliso oluzinzileyo e-Indiya. "Saqala isahluko somfundi we-AID kunyaka odlulileyo kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa kwaye sacinga ukuba inyathelo leMonsanto Hearings liya kuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokwazi abanye abanomdla kwizizathu ezifanayo nathi," uPariyadath wabhala kwi-imeyile yakutshanje. "Iingxoxo zeMonsanto yayilithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba sibonise ingxaki yamafama aseIndiya angakwaziyo ukulwa neenkampani kwaye adinga ilizwi."
Ukondla Umhlaba
UScott Koepke, umlweli wokutya wasekuhlaleni ofundisa abantu abatsha ngokubaluleka komhlaba ophilileyo kwimveliso yokutya, weza nebhaskithi kwindawo yokuma. โUkutya kufuneka kutyiwe kuqala,โ utshilo uKoepke exelela abafundi bakhe. Ufake isandla engobozini wakhupha umhlaba omnyama otyebileyo ogcwele isandla wathi akukho nqanaba likhuselekileyo lezichumisi zekhemikhali, azikhuselekanga okanye ziyimfuneko.
Wathetha โngomonakalo omangalisayoโ owenziwe yimichiza emhlabeni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ufe. Uthe izinto eziphilayo zakha umhlaba kwindawo eyomelele ngakumbi, zenza izondlo ezibalulekileyo zifumaneke ekutyeni. Ebambe imisundululu ayitsalileyo emhlabeni, wachaza ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokulinganisela. โIsibulali-zinambuzane kukubulala,โ utshilo. โEsona sibulali-zinambuzane silungileyo ngumhlaba osempilweni.โ
Amandla eMonsanto vs. Amandla abantu
Amanye amangqina anikela ubungqina malunga nomonakalo owenziwe kwindalo evela kuMonsanto's gene manipulation kunye nefuthe lemali yeMonsanto kumaziko ophando kunye nee-arhente zokulawula, kunye neenkqubo zethu zezopolitiko, ezomthetho kunye nezolimo.
U-Kanouse uthi akufuneki uchasene ne-GMOs okanye isayensi ukuze ube nexhala malunga nendima iMonsanto ibe nayo ekuguquleni ezolimo. โAkuyomfuneko ukuba ube ngumlimi ophilayo ukuba wonzakaliswe ngandlela ithile iMonsanto ivelisa umjikelo wokuxhomekeka, nokuba ngamafama aqhelekileyo, apho kuye kube lula ukwenza nantoni na ngaphandle kwesekethe yabo. Kwaye le yinto efanele ukuba, ndiyacinga, ixhalabile kuye wonke umntu, nakwabo bebengabalimi bemichiza iminyaka emininzi. โ
Kwingxelo eyakhutshwa ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, iKomiti yoLungelelaniso yesiXeko sase-Iowa yeCompass yabhala: โPhantsi komthetho okhoyo, iMonsanto inikwe amalungelo โomntuโ osemthethweni, ngoxa abantu abangengobemi kunye neearhente ezingengobantu kwibhayoloji yethu bengagqalwa. Nkqu isimangalo sembali yeklasi esiziswa ngokuchasene neMonsanto ngamafama aphilayo, esiyixhasa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka sinyathele kwimiba yobuchwephesha belungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye nokuphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela malunga nokutya okuguqulwe ngokwemfuza. Isiphakamiso sethu kukuqwalasela imiba ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphakamisa zonke izinto eziphilayo njengabamangali abanokuba ngabamangali kwi-akhawunti yolwaphulo-mthetho lukaMonsanto. "
"Ndibona ubugcisa njengesithuba apho sifunda indlela yokucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunye nokubona ngendlela eyahlukileyo," utshilo uKanouse. โNokuba ngumzobo lowo okanye isiganeko esinje. Ekugqibeleni sinethemba lokuba le projekthi iya kuba yinto enokuchongwa ngabantu esingabaziyo nabanokuthi babambe ezi ndibano kwiindawo abahlala kuzo.โ
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UGloria Williams yintatheli ezimeleyo, itshantliziyo, kunye nelungu le-War Resisters League. Iifoto kweli nqaku zithathwe nguWilliams.