Ngo-1776 amakholoni aseMelika alwela inkululeko ngokuchasene nobukumkani obunamandla, isenzo sokuzimela sisabhiyozela ngomhla weSine kuJulayi. Kodwa sikwasebenzisa eyesine ukugcina intsomi malunga nendima yethu emhlabeni, nangona ubukhulu becala kuyinyani ngo-1776, bubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kwiminyaka engama-226 kamva.
Ngo-2002, sibubukhosi.
Ukuba i-4 kaJulayi iya kuqhubeka nokuba nayiphi na intsingiselo, kufuneka siyiguqule ibe ngumbhiyozo wexabiso eliqhelekileyo emhlabeni wonke, ngokwenza ukuba kube ngumbhiyozo welungelo lokuzikhethela kwabo bonke abantu kunokuba esinye isihlandlo sokucela intsomi. oko kufihla indima yethu yokwenyani ehlabathini namhlanje.
Ukwenza oko kufuna ukuba sifikelele kwinyani esisiseko - ukusukela ngexesha i-United States yayiqokelele amandla awoneleyo okwenza oko, yaqala ukunciphisa umda ukuzimisela kwabanye.
Iindlela zabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo base-US ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa ingqiqo esisiseko ihlala ifana: I-United States ibango ilungelo elikhethekileyo lokufumana ubutyebi bomhlaba wonke ngomkhosi wamajoni okanye ngokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho ukuze idle ngokuphindwe kahlanu isabelo sayo ngomntu ngamnye. ezo zibonelelo, ukungahoyi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe endleleni.
Yinyaniso ebuhlungu, kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukuba abemi base-US banesibophelelo sokulwa nayo nayiphi na i-4 kaJulayi, kwaye ngakumbi ngoku njengoko urhulumente wethu eqhubeka nokwandisa amandla akhe kunye nokulawula kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yobunqolobi.
Imfazwe yaseSpain-American ye-1898 idla ngokuthathwa njengesiganeko esibalulekileyo kwiprojekthi yobukhosi baseMelika. Ngelixa abanye abantu baseMelika besazi ukuba salawula iiPhilippines kangangexesha elithile, bambalwa abaqondayo ukuba siye salwa imfazwe ekhohlakeleyo nxamnye nabemi bakwiiPhilippines, ababekholelwa ukuba ukukhululwa kwabo eSpeyin kufanele ukuba kuthetha inkululeko yokwenene, kuquka ukuzimela geqe kulawulo lwaseMelika. Ubuncinci bangama-200,000 abantu bakwiiPhilippines babulawa yimikhosi yaseMelika, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwisigidi esinye kusenokwenzeka ukuba bafa ngexesha loloyiso.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane elandelayo, iUnited States yasebenzisa imithetho efanayo kumalinge okuzilawula kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika, ngokuqhelekileyo igqwetha ezobupolitika, iceba ubhukuqo-mbuso, okanye amazwe ahlaselayo anjengeCuba, iDominican Republic, iNicaragua, iMexico neHaiti. Ukuzikhethela kwakufanelekile, ukuba nje iziphumo zazihambelana neemfuno zeshishini lase-U.S. Ngaphandle koko, biza iMarines.
Ukuphikisana okuninzi kweprojekthi yaseMelika, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mfihlo. Nokuba uninzi lwabantwana besikolo bayazi ukuba indoda eyabhala iSibhengezo seNkululeko yaza yavakalisa ukuba “bonke abantu badalwe balingana” nayo inamakhoboka, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuyiphepha into yokuba isiseko somhlaba saseUnited States safunyanwa ngexesha ukutshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwabantu bomthonyama. Siyazi ukuba abafazi abazange baphumelele ilungelo lokuvota kude kube ngo-1920, kwaye ukulingana okusesikweni kwezopolitiko kwabamnyama kwafezekiswa kuphela ebomini bethu.
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi baseMelika benengxaki yokuhlangabezana nale mbali imbi, uninzi lunokuyivuma loo nto-ukuba nje izithuba phakathi kweenjongo ezixeliweyo kunye nezenzo zokwenyani zibonwa njengembali, iingxaki ezoyisile.
Ngokunjalo, abanye baya kuthi uhlobo logonyamelo olubi lukhuselekile kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngelishwa, oku akuyombali yakudala; Ikwalibali lexesha lasemva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi - i-US exhaswa ngemali eGuatemala nase-Iran ngeminyaka yee-1950, ukujongelwa phantsi kwezivumelwano ze-Geneva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 kunye nokuhlasela kweSouth Vietnam kwiminyaka yoo-1960 ukuthintela urhulumente ozimeleyo wobusoshiyali, inkxaso kumkhosi weContra wabanqolobi ngeminyaka yoo-1980 de abantu baseNicaragua ekugqibeleni bavote ngendlela iUnited States eyayikhetha ngayo.
Kulungile, abanye bayakuvuma, nembali yethu yamva nje ayintle kangako. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngeminyaka yee-1990, emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, satshintsha ikhondo. Kodwa kwakhona, iindlela ziyatshintsha kwaye umdlalo uhlala ufana.
Cinga ngemeko yakutshanje yaseVenezuela, apho kucacayo ukuba iUnited States inenxaxheba kwilinge lobhukuqo-mbuso. I-National Endowment for Democracy - i-private nonprofit front organization for the State Department esele ibandakanyeke ekusebenziseni imali ukuguqula unyulo (eChile ngo-1988, eNicaragua ngo-1989, naseYugoslavia ngo-2000) - wanika i-877,000 yeedola kunyaka odlulileyo kwimikhosi ephikisanayo. kuHugo Chavez, omigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yamenza wafumana inkxaso exhaphakileyo phakathi kwamahlwempu elizwe kunye nengqumbo yaseUnited States. Ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 yeedola eziye zaya kuCarlos Ortega, inkokeli ye-Confederation of Workers yaseVenezuela ekhohlakeleyo, esebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nenkokeli ye-coup uPedro Carmona Estanga.
Amagosa olawulo lukaBush adibane neenjengele zaseVenezuela kunye noosomashishini abangonwabanga eWashington kwiiveki ezandulela ubhukuqo-mbuso, kwaye uBush onguSekela Nobhala welizwe kwimicimbi yeNtshona yeHemisphere, u-Otto Reich, kuxelwe ukuba wayenxibelelana nentloko yejunta kwi-junta. usuku lobhukuqo-mbuso. Xa abantu baseVenezuela bangena ezitratweni bekhusela umongameli wabo odumileyo waza uChavez wabuyiselwa kulawulo, amagosa ase-US avuma ngokukrokra ukuba wonyulwe ngokukhululekileyo (ngeepesenti ezingama-62 zevoti), nangona omnye waxelela intatheli ukuba “ukuba semthethweni yinto enikwayo. hayi ngesininzi sabavoti kuphela.”
Ngaphandle kokungenelela komkhosi kunye nozakuzo, kukho ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho. Phakathi kwezona zinto zibonakalayo kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo ibe kukusetyenziswa kweBhanki yeHlabathi kunye neNgxowa-mali yezeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukubambisa amazwe eGlobal South “kwityala letyala,” apho ilizwe lingenako ukuqhubeka neentlawulo zenzala.
Emva koko kuza iinkqubo zokuhlengahlengiswa kwesakhiwo - ukusika imivuzo karhulumente kunye nenkcitho yeenkonzo ezifana nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukubeka iifizi zabasebenzisi kwimfundo, kunye nokuqhelanisa kwakhona ishishini kwimveliso yokuthengisa ngaphandle. Ezi nkqubo zinika iibhanki zeHlabathi lokuQala amandla amakhulu phezu kwemigaqo-nkqubo yala mazwe kunoorhulumente abanyuliweyo.
Izivumelwano “zokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo” zinefuthe elifanayo kakhulu, zisebenzisa isoyikiso sokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yehlabathi ukunyanzela abanye oorhulumente ukuba bayeke ukunika abantu babo amayeza anexabiso eliphantsi, balinganisele ulawulo lwabo kumaqumrhu, baze bancame amalungelo abantu asisiseko ukuba bayeke ukunika abantu babo amayeza aphantsi. misela umgaqo-nkqubo. Isigqibo samva nje se-G8 sokusebenzisa uncedo ukunyanzela amazwe ase-Afrika ukuba athengisele amanzi abucala sisenzo sokhubekiso samva nje.
Ke ngoko, lo weSine kuJulayi, sikholelwa ukuba intetho yokuzimela ayizange ibaluleke ngakumbi. Kodwa ukuba le ngcamango ithetha nantoni na, imele ukuba ithetha ukuba abantu bakwamanye amazwe bakhululeke ngokwenene ukuze balungelelanise ikamva labo.
Kwaye ngenye ingqiqo, sisikhumbuzo sokuba abemi base-US banamalungelo okuzikhethela ngokwabo. Kuyinyani ukuba urhulumente wethu uphendula ubukhulu becala kwiimfuno zobutyebi obugqwesileyo namandla; kunokubonakala ngathi iWashington ibiza izithonga, kodwa umdlalo uqondiswe kwiWall Street.
Kodwa kukwayinyani ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo banenkululeko engalinganiyo yezopolitiko necacileyo kweli lizwe. Kwaye njengoko esi sibhengezo sisibhiyozelayo sisikhumbuza, "nanini na naluphi na uhlobo lukaRhulumente lutshabalalisa ezi njongo, liLungelo laBantu ukuba balutshintshe okanye balubhangise."
Ukuba asiyi kuphinda sicinge ngeSine - ukuba iyaqhubeka ibe yimini yokuqinisekiswa okungalawulwayo kwe-American specialism - ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba yinto engaphezu kwamandla atshabalalisayo akhuthaza inkxaso engaboniyo kwimfazwe, ukungalingani kwehlabathi, kunye nezopolitiko zamandla ngamazwe ngamazwe.
Robert Jensen, an associate professor of journalism at the University of Texas at Austin, is the author of Writing Dissent: Taking Radical Ideas from the Margins to the Mainstream. He can be reached at rjensen@uts.cc.utexas.edu. Rahul Mahajan, Green Party candidate for governor of Texas, is the author of “The New Crusade: America’s War on Terrorism.” He can be reached at rahul@tao.ca. Other articles are available at http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/home.htm and http://www.rahulmahajan.com.
