Isikripthi esinikezelwe ngobulumko obuqhelekileyo sicace gca: Xa abantu abambalwa bema beqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nokungekho sikweni, kwaye amapolisa okanye amajoni abonzakalisa okanye ababulale, intshukumo iyatyunyuzwa. Ubundlobongela bumisa uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela, akunjalo?
Kwakhona, abaninzi bethu baye babona okuchaseneyo: Ubundlobongela buhlala bukhuthaza intshukumo ukuba ibe nkulu kwaye ibe namandla ngakumbi.
Akucaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni ukunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela kunokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Enye inkcazo enokwenzeka kukuba inani elincinci lobundlobongela likhuthaza ukukhula kwentshukumo kwaye isixa esikhulu siyayivala - kodwa oko akuyonyani. Ezinye iintshukumo ezingenabugorha ziphumelela xa zijongene nobundlobongela obucinezelayo kwaye ezinye ziyancipha ebusweni bexabiso elincinci.
Ewe, kukho amaxesha amaninzi apho ubundlobongela buvala intshukumo. Kodwa amatyala amaninzi apapashwa kwi Ugcino lweDatha ye-Global Nonviolent Action (malunga nama-800 ngoku), kokukhona sibona imizekelo emininzi yoxinzelelo oluqhubela phambili uloyiso.
Abantu baseUnited States bangabona banolwazi malunga namaphulo alwela amalungelo oluntu athe aphumelela phezu kobundlobongela, njengaseBirmingham, Ewe, ngowe-1963, enye ye-database ye-50-plus imizabalazo yamalungelo oluntu. Kodwa phambi koo-1950 kunye noo-1960 kwakukho amaqhinga akrelekrele abona ngobulumko obuqhelekileyo.
Abaphandi bafuna ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyenza iintshukumo zingapheleli nje ekumelaneni nengcinezelo yobundlobongela kodwa ziyisebenzisele ukukhula kunye namandla abo. Umphengululi waseOstreliya uBrian Martin uyibiza ingcinezelo engasebenziyo “njengomlilo obuyayo,” ngoxa uLee Smithey noLes Kurtz beyibiza ngokuba “ngumnqa wengcinezelo.” Kwincwadi yam Sijonge kwiNguquko ePhilayo, Ndichonga izinto amatsha ntliziyo anokuthi azenze ukwenza ucinezelo lwe-boomerang ngokuchasene nabo bazama ukusinqanda.
Amazwe amaninzi, iinkcubeko ezininzi
Into endibethayo xa ndifunda i-database yindlela esasazeke ngayo le nto. Ibonakala kumazwe amaninzi, kumashumi eminyaka ahlukeneyo, kwiintshukumo ezikhokelwa ngamafama kunye nabafundi, abasebenzi kunye neengcali. Nantsi isampuli yazo, evela kumazwekazi onke.
Petersburg, ukubulawa kweCossacks kwabalimi abangenalugonyamelo becela umlawuli ngowe-1905. kwaqalisa imvukelo engenabundlobongela kwilizwe lonke. Olu qhankqalazo lwaba sisiseko sokubhukuqwa komlawuli ngowe-1917.
Ilinge lika-2010 likarhulumente waseQuebec lokunqanda iphulo labafundi lokuyeka ukunyuswa kwezifundo kwakhokelela ekubeni idabi kwiphondo ngokubanzi ehlanganise abantu abangengabo abafundi, kubandakanywa nemibutho yabasebenzi. Abafundi baphumelele.
Ngowe-1952 urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika yabetha iphulo elincinci lokuchasa ucalucalulo ngokubanjwa, ukubetha kunye nokudutyulwa, okwandisa ngokukhawuleza ubungakanani bentshukumo kunye nokuhlanganisa amahlakani ayo amhlophe.
EBangladesh ngowe-1987 ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwaphela lubulala abaninzi kodwa aluzange lukwazi ukunqanda iphulo lokuxhasa idemokhrasi. Xa urhulumente wavala iiyunivesithi ukuze ahluthe abafundi indawo yabo yolungiselelo, abafundi abaninzi bathelela kulo mbutho. Amagqwetha noogqirha bathelela abasebenzi sele besezitratweni. Iqela eliphikisayo lakhula, yaye ngowe-1990 amapolisa ayesala ukudubula izihlwele ezazingaxhobanga. Ulawulo lwawa.
Kwadlala ibali elifanayo eIran kwiphulo 1977 nxamnye shah, owakhokela owona mkhosi unamandla ehlabathini kwakunye nombutho wamapolisa othiyiweyo onobuchule bokuthuthumbisa. Eli phulo laqala kancinci nabafundi. Amapolisa abulala abafundi bezakwalizwi ababini kuqhankqalazo. Kulapho intshukumo bekufanele ukuba ivale ngoloyiko. Endaweni yoko, baninzi kakhulu abantu abazimanyayo, kuquka nabangengabo abafundi. Ngokumangalisayo, isingqisho sephulo saqhutywa yimijikelo yeentsuku ezingama-40 apho iinkonzo zemosque zahlonipha amanani akhulayo abafileyo. Ukubulala kunye nokuthuthumbisa kwaqhubela phambili uqhanqalazo olungenabugorha kwizikali ezihlala zikhula de kwanabasebenzi be-oyile - "i-aristocracy" yabasebenzi - bagwayimba.
I-shah, isenethemba lokuba ubundlobongela bunamandla ngakumbi kunobundlobongela obungenabundlobongela, wayalela iinjengele zakhe ukuba zinyuke, okubangele "kuLwesihlanu oMnyama," xa iinqwelomoya zenqwelomoya zazihamba ngaphezulu kwabantu base-Irani abangaxhomekanga bagcwala kwizikwere zedolophu yaseTehran, benisa iimbumbulu phezu kwabo. Kwilitha lokubhengeza uphalazo-gazi kwihlabathi, uMongameli uJimmy Carter ukhuphe ingxelo exhasa i-shah, kodwa ngaphakathi eIran ingcinezelo yayiyeyona nto iphambili. Abanye abalawuli babesazimisele ukuqengqeleka iitanki zabo phezu kwabaqhankqalazi ezitratweni, kodwa amajoni aye abonakala engafuni ukuqhubeka edubula abantu. I-shah yayingenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuya elubhacweni.
Uzwilakhe waseGuatemala uJorge Ubico wayemthanda ngokuphandle uHitler, yaye wakungqina oko xa ulawulo lwakhe lwasemkhosini ekudala lumiselwe lwacelwa umngeni ngowe-1944. Xa abafazi benza umngcelele ozolileyo nowoxolo, amajoni abadubula, ebulala umfundisi-ntsapho uMaria Chincilla Recinos, owaba ngumfeli-nkolo wokuqala welo phulo. Abasebenzi kunye nabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi bazise isixeko se-capitol ukuba sime. Umlingiswa ongenabugorha wentshukumo wakrwelelwa ngesiqubulo esithi "Brazos Caidos" (Iingalo emacaleni ethu); Ubico wagqitywa.
Kunyaka ophelileyo eChina iphulo elikhokelwa ngabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo lavala umzi-mveliso wobhedu kwiphondo laseSichuan eyayilungele ukungcolisa isixeko saseShifang. Uqhanqalazo lokuqala lwacinezelwa: Amapolisa ababetha abafundi, asebenzisa izintywizisi neziqhushumbisi aza abadubula. Umboniso ngamnye wakhula ngamanani, yaye ngokukhawuleza kwafika amashumi amawaka abantu kwindawo eyayiqhutyelwa kuyo imiboniso. Ejamelene nemeko eyayingalawulekiyo, urhulumente wanikezela waza wavuma ukuba angawugqibi lo mzi-mveliso.
EJapan amafama eSunagawa akhokela ngowe-1956 ukoyisa ukwandiswa okucetyiweyo kwesiseko somkhosi waseU.S. Xa amapolisa abetha abemi belali ngamagqudu, bengxwelerha abangaphezu kwama-200 kubo, kwafika abantu abangama-4,000 700 ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze baqinise uqhankqalazo. Inkohlakalo yamapolisa yahlanganisa namalungu ePalamente yaseJapan, awathi angenela ngokuthe ngqo. Oku akuzange kuthintele amapolisa ekunyatheleni, ekukhabeni nasekujongiseni emehlweni abaqhankqalazi, bengxwelerha abangaphezu kwama-XNUMX kuquka abezonyango kunye neentatheli.
Endaweni yokuba athintelwe bubundlavini, amawaka amaJapan angakumbi athelela kwiqonga lomoya, eliphinda kabini inani. Leyo yayiyingongoma yokuncamisa. Umkhosi waseUnited States wayirhoxisa inkqubo yokwandisa.
Leliphi icala eliya kufunda kwimbali kuqala?
Njengoko imizekelo yocinezelo olungaphumeleliyo ifumba kuyo yonke indawo, ipesenti enye yabanyanzelisi kunye namatsha ntliziyo azama ukuqonda umhlaba ojonge phezulu. Kwenzeka ntoni kwintetho kaMao yokuba “amandla ezobupolitika akhula kumbhobho wompu?” Loo ngcinga yakudala isakholelwa ngokubanzi kwinkcubeko edumileyo, nakwimiba yezopolitiko, ukusuka kweNdala Kakhulu ukuya kuMongameli Obama ukuya kwiphiko lasekunene. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphathi abacingayo bamagunya karhulumente bayayibuza.
Ndiphawula ukuba sele kwezinye izixeko zaseUnited States akulula ukuba amatshantliziyo abanjwe ngamapolisa anobunkunkqele obungakumbi. Hayi indlela okudida ngayo! Endaweni yokuphuhlisa amaqhinga okudala ngakumbi okanye ukunyusa ungquzulwano kwinqanaba elitsha, nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphembeleli basuka babhenele kwizinto eziphambeneyo ukuze banyanzelise ukubanjwa - kwaye bazenze bajongeke, bephambana.
Kodwa imbali izele yimizekelo esinokuyifunda kwindlela iintshukumo ezilugcine ngayo ugxininiso lwazo kwaye lwalwa ngengcinezelo enobundlobongela ukuya ekoyiseni. Icala ngalinye - abo banoxanduva lokumisa iintshukumo zobulungisa kunye nabo kuthi bakha ezo ntshukumo - banethuba lokufunda kwimbali yomzabalazo yabantu ekhula ngokukhawuleza. Siza kubona ukuba ngubani ofunda kakhulu.