Kulula ngokwaneleyo ukubalisa oko kwahamba kakubi ngo-2007.
Kodwa kwakungekho kubi konke. Ayiphelelanga nje intshukumo yengca kunye namaphulo abemi-kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oorhulumente basabela kwiimfuno zoluntu- boyise kwaye baxhathise ukubanjwa kwamandla enkampani, baphumelele uloyiso olubaluleke kakhulu, oluqinisekisiweyo.
Njengawo wonke unyaka omtsha, u-2008 unika ithemba elitsha, kunye nethuba lokuqalisa okutsha. Inene bekukho iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngo-2007 ezibonisa ukuba amandla okumelana namandla oshishino ayandayo.
The following list of 10 victories from 2007 doesnโt claim to be all-inclusive. And almost all of the victories are partial and inchoate. Whether they blossom into fuller achievements will depend on what happens in 2008 and beyond. Have ideas for victories that should be added to this list? Send me a note ([imeyile ikhuselwe]) or post a comment on the blog.
1. Utshintsho lweNkcubeko kwiGlobal Warming
Kwakukho amanyathelo amancinci amaninzi okuhlangabezana nocelomngeni olukhulu lomhla wethu, kuquka nelona lizwe likhulu lingcolisa icarbon, iUnited States. INdlu yabameli base-US yadlulisela umthetho oyilwayo ohloniphekileyo wamandla; ibhili yamandla eyamkelweyo ekugqibeleni iyakuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eMelika. Amazwe amaninzi ase-US enza okungakumbi, okona kubaluleke kakhulu afuna izixhobo zombane ukuze afumane isixa esonyukayo samandla awo kwizinto ezivuselelwayo. Iqela leSierra Club kunye namaqela aphantsi adityanisiwe ukoyisa inkitha yezindululo zeplanti yombane ngamalahle. I-UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, eyayibanjelwe e-Bali ngoDisemba yaphela nge-fizzle, ngokubonga kakhulu kwi-intransigence yase-US, kodwa nase-Bali, kwakukho isivumelwano sokuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyingozi yokwenene.
Le ngongoma yokugqibela mhlawumbi yeyona mpumelelo iphambili ka-2007. Ngoku akukho ngxoxo inzulu malunga nobunyani bokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo. Ukuqhubela phambili, umngeni kukuvelisa intando yezopolitiko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okunentsingiselo, ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha elide.
2. Bank of the South
Amazwe aseLatin America adibanele ukuphehlelela iBhanki yaseMazantsi, ilinge lokudala enye indlela yeBhanki yeHlabathi kunye neNgxowa-mali yezeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe. Amazwe aseLatin America - hayi iVenezuela kuphela - enza igalelo kwiziko elitsha, eliya kuthi emva koko lenze iimali-mboleko zeprojekthi, ngakumbi kumanyathelo okuququzelela ukudityaniswa kwengingqi.
Uthi uMark Weisbrot weZiko loPhando lwezoQoqosho kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo, "Ngokwezopolitiko, ibhanki entsha sesinye isibhengezo seNkululeko yaseMzantsi Melika, eyathi ngenxa yotshintsho olwenzekayo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ngoku izimele ngakumbi e-United States kune-United States. IYurophu ikhona. "
3. Unyango lwabantu abane-HIV/AIDS
Kwindawo ethile phakathi kwezigidi ezi-2.5 nezi-3 zabantu abaneHIV/AIDS kumazwe asakhasayo ngoku bafumana unyango lwe<em>antiretroviral olusindisa ubomi. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yamaphulo abantu abane-HIV/AIDS kumazwe asakhasayo kunye namahlakani abo kumazwe atyebileyo. Okokuqala, amaphulo amatshantliziyo kunye nokhuphiswano olukhawulezileyo lwamayeza enziwe afana nalawo enziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngabenzi lwehlisa ixabiso lamachiza asindisa ubomi ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 yeedola ngonyaka ngomntu ngamnye ukuya, kwezinye iimeko, ngaphantsi kwe-100 le-$XNUMX kumntu ngamnye. Emva koko, abakhankasi baye bafuna ukuba imali yoncedo yenziwe ifumaneke ukuze kusindiswe ubomi.
Ukhuseleko lonyango lumalunga nekota ukuya kwisithathu semfuno, kwaye imfuno yehlabathi iya kukhula ngokumangalisayo kwiminyaka ezayo. Inkxaso-mali ethe kratya yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nelizwe elisaphuhlayo iya kufuneka, kwaye kuya kubakho iingxabano eziqhubekayo malunga nemiba yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye nemiba yoxubo-mayeza. Kodwa kukho inkqubela ebonakalayo.
4. I-Thailand kunye ne-Brazil zijongene ne-Big Pharma
NgoJanuwari, iThailand yakhupha iilayisensi ezinyanzelekileyo - ugunyaziso lokhuphiswano lwegeneric kwiimveliso ezihlala zikwipatent - kumayeza amabini. Oku kulandele ilayisensi enyanzelekileyo yangaphambili ngoDisemba 2006. Ukuthotywa kwamaxabiso kumayeza kuye kwabangela ukuba iThailand yandise unyango kakhulu kwinkqubo yayo yezempilo karhulumente - ixabiso lechiza lesifo sentliziyo lehle ngepesenti ezingama-98, kwaye nje ukuhla kwexabiso lokuqala kwi-AIDS. Iyeza lenze ukuba ilizwe likwazi ukunika amayeza abantu abongezelelekileyo abangama-20,000.
IBrazil ilandele umzekelo waseThailand ngoMeyi, ikhupha ilayisensi enyanzelekileyo kwiyeza elibalulekileyo likaGawulayo.
Iilayisensi ezisisinyanzelo zakhokelela ukuba iinkampani zamachiza zithobe amaxabiso kumayeza aphambili kaGawulayo ehlabathini lonke. IAbbott Laboratories yehlise ixabiso layo lelizwe elinengeniso ephakathi kwiyeza elibalulekileyo likaGawulayo ngama-55 ekhulwini.
5. Umjikelo weRhafu kaBhiliyoni uphantsi koPhononongo
Ngo-2007 wabona ingqwalaselo entsha egxile kwingeniso ye-super-rich equity yabucala kunye nabaphathi be-hedge fund e-United States - kunye nenyaniso eyothusayo yokuba basebenzise ikroba lerhafu ukuthoba amaxabiso abo erhafu ukuya ngaphantsi kunobhala babo.
"Inzala efunyenweyo" ivumela i-equity yabucala kunye nabaphathi be-hedge fund babonise inxalenye enkulu yemali yabo yokulawula - ukucutha kwabo inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu abayenzela abatyali-mali - njengengeniso yengeniso yenkunzi, endaweni yengeniso eqhelekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba banokuhlawula irhafu ye-federal ngezinga le-15 ekhulwini, endaweni ye-35 ekhulwini.
INdlu yabaMeli yapasisa umthetho wokuphelisa i-lophole, kodwa yasilela kwi-Senate.
Umcimbi awuzukuhamba, nangona kunjalo. Uthi uDamon Silvers we-AFL-CIO, "Ekugqibeleni kuye kwafika kubantu ukuba abantu baseMerika abazizityebi abahlawuli nayiphi na irhafu."
6. UMvuzo ophantsi wase-US uyenyuka
Kusekude apho kufanele ukuba khona, kodwa inkxaso ethandwayo yokunyusa umvuzo omncinci wanyanzela abantu baseSenate Republicans ukuba bavume ngoMeyi ukuya kwinqanaba lomvuzo omncinci.
Abona basebenzi bafumana imivuzo ephantsi e-United States (singabali abasebenzi basezifama nabanye abaxolelweyo) baya kufumana i-$7.25 ngo-2009. Malunga ne-13 lezigidi zabasebenzi kulindeleke ukuba babone umvuzo wabo unyuka ngenxa yoko.
7. UMcDonald's uVumelana nokuhlawula abachongi beTomato ngaphezulu
UMcDonald's ngo-Epreli wavuma ukuhlawula enye iponti yeetumato eziyisebenzisayo, kunye nemali eyongezelelweyo eya ngqo kubasebenzi basefama baseFlorida.
UMcDonald's uvumile kumalungiselelo empendulo kwiphulo labasebenzi basezifama eliququzelelwa yiManyano yabasebenzi be-Immokalee. Umfelandawonye wawuphumelele uloyiso olufanayo ngokuchasene noTaco Bell.
Abasebenzi basezifama bafumana malunga ne-10,000 yeedola ngonyaka. Ukuba lonke ishishini lihamba kunye nolungiselelo lwepenny-a-pound, umvuzo wabasebenzi basezifama unokunyuka malunga neepesenti ezingama-75.
Ngelishwa, iFlorida Tomato Growers Exchange engaguqukiyo iyala ukuphumeza isivumelwano sikaMcDonald, isithi iyakwaphula imithetho yomanyano kunye nelizwe. I-McDonald's ibeka iintlawulo zayo ezongezelelweyo kwi-escrow.
Okwangoku, i-Coalition of Immokalee Workers ngoku igxininise kwi-Burger King, ephethwe kakhulu yi-Goldman Sachs kunye neminye imisebenzi ye-equity yangasese. Baqhubeka begatya imfuno yepenny-a-pound - eya kubiza uBurger King njengoko kuqikelelwa i-250,000 yeedola ngonyaka.
8. Iifizi zeSikolo ziPhelisiwe
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iBhanki yehlabathi kunye nezinye ii-arhente zamazwe ngamazwe zayalela amazwe asaphuhlayo ukuba anyanzelise imali yemfundo kunye nezempilo yabasebenzisi bezempilo - iintlawulo zokuya esikolweni, okanye ukufumana ukufikelela kukhathalelo. Umphumo waba kukuba: abantwana abahlwempuzekileyo (ingakumbi amantombazana) bavalelwa ngaphandle esikolweni, yaye abantu abagulayo abavela kwiintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo babengayifumani inyameko yezempilo.
Iifizi zokhathalelo lwempilo zihlala zixhaphakile, kodwa iifizi zezikolo zaseprayimari ziye zapheliswa ekugqibeleni kumazwe amaninzi ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yomthetho we-2000 wase-US ofuna ukuba i-United States ichase imali-mboleko yeBhanki yehlabathi ebandakanya iifizi zabasebenzisi.
Ukubhaliswa kwabafundi kwizikolo zaseprayimari kuye kwanda ngama-36 ekhulwini kwi-Afrika engezantsi kweSahara kunye nama-22 ekhulwini kuMzantsi nakwiNtshona Asia phakathi ko-1999 no-2005, ngokutsho kweUNESCO. IGlobal Action for Children ithi: โUbukhulu becala oku kubangelwa kukuyekiswa kwemali yokufunda kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi kumazwe ali-14. "Eli nyathelo lokuqala liye lalinganisa ibala lokudlala, livumela abantwana abaninzi abahluphekileyo behlabathi ukuba bangene kumnyango wendlu yesikolo."
9. Abashicileli beziyobisi be-White-Collar Bohlwaywa
Ngenyanga kaCanzibe, umenzi weOxycontin, isithomalalisi sentlungu esikhobokisa kakhulu, wavuma izityholo zokusebenzisa kakubi ichiza layo. I-Purdue Pharma iya kuhlawula ngaphezu kwe-600 yezigidi zeedola ngokunxulumene nesicelo esinetyala.
I-Oxycontin ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezinkulu kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kunye nabanye abaneentlungu ezingapheliyo, kodwa idla ngokuphathwa gadalala. Idume kakhulu eAppalachia, apho yaziwa ngokuba yi-hillbilly heroin.
IGqwetha laseMelika uJohn Brownlee uthi uninzi lwabantu lubhubhile ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kweOxycontin. Icala le-federal elichasene ne-Purdue lihlawulise i-reps yayo yokuthengisa ilahlekise ababoneleli bezempilo - kubandakanywa nabangezona iingcali ekulawuleni iintlungu - malunga neempawu zokulutha kwe-Oxycontin.
I-Purdue, inkampani yabucala ese-Connecticut, yaqalisa umzamo omkhulu wokunqanda ukutshutshiswa, kuquka ukuqesha u-Rudy Giuliani ukuba adibane nabatshutshisi kunye nokuphikisana nokufaka izityholo.
Kodwa uBrownlee walile ukurhoxa, nangona uye wavuma. Wavuma ukuba angahlawulisi abaphathi beenkampani ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho (abathathu batyholwa benetyala lokwenza izinto ezimbi), kwaye wavuma ukwamkela isicelo esinetyala esivela kwi-subsidiary ye-Purdue, eshiya umzali ekhululekile ukuba aqhubeke nokuthengisa ichiza kwi-Medicare kunye nezinye iinkqubo zomanyano. Urhulumente ngekhe wehla kakhulu "kubantu abatyhala iziyobisi ezimhlophe," utshilo uGqr. Sidney Wolfe weQela loPhando ngempilo yaBemi.
10. IBush Countdown iyaqala
Iintsuku ezingama-385 kuphela zolawulo lukaBush.
Nyakhomtsha!
URobert Weissman ungumhleli we-Washington, DC-based Multinational Monitor, kunye nomlawuli we-Essential Action.